哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文）

循环流化床锅炉论文设计

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哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文）

摘要

循环流化床锅炉是近几十年发展起来的一种新型燃烧设备，其具有燃料适应性广、有利于环保、负荷调节性好、燃烧热强度大、炉内传热能力强等优点。所以，其一经推出就在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用。特别是在中国，循环流化床锅炉技术在近几十年取得了长足的进步。

本文系统的阐述了10t/h循环流化床的计算和设计过程，主要包括热力计算、烟风阻力计算、锅筒强度计算、锅炉的结构设计。

通过对循环流化床方面的英文文献的翻译，了解了国外流化床研究方面的进展。

关键词 循环流化床；省煤器；热力计算

Abstract

The CFB is the new combustion equipment which is developed in the recent years, it has the advantages of be widely adapt to fuels,be good for environment,load adjustment well,burning intensity is big,heat transfer is strong in the firebox and so on.So,it is widely applied in the world.Especially in China,the technolog of CFB is made great progress in the recent years

This paper fully discusses the calculation and design processe of CFB,mainly include thermal calculation,smoke resistance calculation ,strengthen calculation, and boiler structure.

According to the transalation of the datas of CFB,I kown the development of CFB in foreign.

Keywords CFB Superheatea economizer thermal calculation

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哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文）

目录

摘要 ...................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................. II 第1章 绪论 ............................................................... 1

1.1 课题背景 ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 煤炭在我国经济的发展中占有主体作用 ........................................... 1 1.1.2 我国的能源结构亟待调整 ................................................................... 1 1.1.3 我国的能源利用效率低，污染严重 ................................................... 2 1.2 循环流化床锅炉简介 .................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 循环流化床流态化床料特点 ............................................................... 5 1.2.2 循环过程 ............................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 传热过程 ............................................................................................... 6 1.2.4 影响颗粒传热的主要因素 ................................................................... 6 1.2.5 循环流化床的技术特点 ....................................................................... 6 1.2.6 循环流化床应用存在的问题 ............................................................... 7 1.3 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 8

第2章 锅炉设计方案 ....................................................... 9

2.1 锅炉参数 ...................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 锅炉工作参数要求 ............................................................................... 9 2.1.2 煤种参数 ............................................................................................... 9 2.2 锅炉的总体结构方案 .................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 炉膛结构及其中受热面的布置 ......................................................... 10 2.2.2 旋风分离器和回料装置的结构设计 ................................................. 10 2.2.3 尾部烟道结构以及其中受热面的布置 ............................................. 11 2.2.4 锅筒、集箱以及管道的结构 ............................................................. 12

12 2.2.5 布风板的结构 ..................................................................................... 2.2.6 给煤装置以及二次风系统的结构 ..................................................... 13

2.2.7 锅炉的支撑以及楼梯的结构 ............................................................. 13 2.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 13

第3章 锅炉的热力计算及传热计算 .......................................... 14

3.1 锅炉技术要求 ............................................................................................ 14

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哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文）

3.1.1 锅炉运行要求 ..................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 煤种 ..................................................................................................... 14 3.2 热力计算 .................................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 空气量、烟气量计算 ......................................................................... 14 3.2.2 锅炉的各项热损失的选取 ................................................................. 15 3.2.3 烟气特性计算 ..................................................................................... 16 3.2.4 烟气焓温表 ......................................................................................... 18 3.2.5 锅炉热平衡及燃料消耗量计算 ......................................................... 21 3.2.6 锅炉结构几何尺寸数据 ..................................................................... 23 3.2.7 密相区出口烟温计算 ......................................................................... 23 3.2.8 稀相区传热计算 ................................................................................. 24 3.2.9 钢管省煤器结构 ................................................................................. 29 3.2.10 钢管省煤器传热计算 ....................................................................... 30 3.2.11 铸铁省煤器结构 ............................................................................... 32 3.2.12 铸铁省煤器传热计算 ....................................................................... 34 3.2.13 热力计算综合表 ............................................................................... 35 3.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 36

第4章 锅炉烟风阻力计算 .................................................. 37

4.1 空气动力计算 ............................................................................................ 37 4.1.1 布风板阻力计算 ................................................................................. 37 4.1.2 料层阻力计算 ..................................................................................... 38 4.2 烟气阻力计算 ............................................................................................ 38 4.2.1 分离器阻力计算 ................................................................................. 38 4.2.2 烟道转弯处阻力计算 ......................................................................... 39 4.2.3 钢管省煤器阻力计算 ......................................................................... 40

41 4.2.4 铸铁省煤器阻力计算 ......................................................................... 4.3 烟风阻力汇总 ............................................................................................ 43 4.3.1 空气侧总阻力 ..................................................................................... 43

4.3.2 烟气侧总阻力 ..................................................................................... 43

第5章 锅筒强度计算 ...................................................... 44

5.1 筒体最大未加强孔直径的计算 ................................................................ 44 5.2 相邻两孔互不影响最小节距计算 ............................................................ 45 5.3 孔桥减弱系数计算 .................................................................................... 46

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