YY分类版83句~~ 动物：
77：非法捕杀导致某些动物的灭亡，生物多样性也会损失。 Illegal hunting leads to extinction of some species and the loss of biodiversity.
78：动物实验有时候不能够检验出药物的不良副作用。
Animal experiments fail to detect the undesirable side effects of drugs. 城市VS农村：
7农村的失业问题在某种程度上可以通过城乡转移解决。
Unemployment in rural areas can be addressed partially by the rural-to-urban shift.
农村失业问题的主要原因是缺少基础建设和政府资助，这个问题在某种程度可以通过城乡转移解决。
The lack of infrastructure and government funding in rural areas is the main cause of unemployment, which can be addressed partially by the rural-to-urban shift. （lack of一般不充当表语）
16 : 未来几十年我们很难保护植物多样性
We will find it difficult to preserve biodiversity in the coming decades. 除非当地政府减少城市扩张对植物的影响，否则在未来几十年里我们会发现保护物种多样性很困难。
Unless local authorities reduce the impact of city expansion on vegetation, we will find it difficult to preserve biodiversity in the coming decades. 52：建造住宅楼有助于解决城市的拥挤问题。
Building apartment blocks helps solve overcrowding in cities.
住宅楼由于其能最大限度地利用土地和空间，所以有助于解决城市的拥挤问题。
Apartment blocks, which make the most of land and space, help solve overcrowding in cities.
59：在大城市有一些贫困的社区。
There are some economically deprived communities in large cities. 70：乡村地区给人们提供机会去远离现代生活的压力和噪音。 Rural areas provide people with opportunities to escape pressure and noises of modern life.
乡村地区对人们的健康有益，因为它给人们提供机会去远离现代生活的压力和噪音。
Rural areas are beneficial to people's health, providing people with opportunities to escape pressure and noises of modern life. 犯罪：
22 严格的惩罚是减少犯罪率的有效手段
Stiff punishment is an effective method to reduce crime.
严厉的处罚是减少犯罪的有效方法，因为犯罪者害怕被抓而不太可能犯罪。
It is suggested that stiff punishment is an effective method to reduce crime, as offenders are fearful of getting caught and less likely to commit crime.
28 我们需要考虑社会和经济的环境
We have to consider the social and economic context.
当分析青少年犯罪的根本原因的时候，我们应该考虑社会和经济环境。
We have to consider the social and economic context when analysing the root causes of juvenile delinquency.
43 社区服务为罪犯提供了获得职业技能的机会
Community service provides offenders with opportunities to acquire transferable skills.
社区服务给犯人提供获得实用技能的机会，给他们好的起点当他们被释放后。
Community service provides offenders with opportunities to acquire transferable skills and gives them a flying start when they are released. 68：法律应该将醉驾变成刑事犯罪。
Legislation should make drink driving a criminal offence. 75：贫穷是社区犯罪上升的原因。
Poverty is responsible for the crime wave in many communities. 教育：
2： 依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。
Relying heavily on calculators will have a negative impact on mental arithmetic.
过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。
The excessive reliance on calculators is likely to have an adverse impact on children' s mental arithmetic and pose a threat to their intellectual development智力发展. 6：艺术不属于学校的主科。
The arts are not among core subject areas at school.
虽然艺术不属于学校的主要课程，但是它们在课程大纲里值得拥有一席之地，因为这些科目能够给生活添色彩。
The arts are not among core subject areas at school but deserve a place in the curriculum, for these subjects add spice to life. 14 : 在中国，很多学生晚上都要自习
A large number of students in China have to do self-study at night. 在中国，许多学生都要在晚上自学，所以课外活动不得不给学习让路。 A large number of students in China have to do self-study at night, so extra-curricular activities have to give way to studies. 27 免费上大学使得家景不好的学生有同等的上学机会
Free university education makes it possible for students from less well-off（富裕的） backgrounds to have equal access to tertiary education. （tertiary education=university education）
同意免费大学教育的人们认为该措施会使那些家境不好的学生有同等上大学的机会。
People who agree with free university education believe that this practice makes it possible for students from less well-off backgrounds to have equal access to tertiary education.
31 没有受过高等教育的年轻人只能找到低技术的工作
Young people without tertiary education qualifications normally end up working in low-skilled jobs. 一个取得广泛共识的概念是没有大学文凭的年轻人通常只能找低技术含量的工作，这也危害到他们的生活质量。
There is a widely held notion that young people without tertiary education qualifications normally end up working in low-skilled jobs and this can ’compromise the quality of life. 32 体育课可以促进身体健康，增强信心
The PE class improves students’ physical conditions and boosts their confidence.
我们应该认识到体育课的重要性，因为它可以促进学生的身心健康，增强他们的自信心。
We should recognise the importance of the PE class, as it improves students' physical conditions and boosts their confidence.
尽管学术表现被高度重视，但我们不应忽视学生身体健康的重要性。
While academic performance is highly valued , we should not lose sight of the importance of students' physical condition.
34 学校活动的设置要能让孩子体会到成就感和提升他们的幸福 Sports and other school activities can be designed to give children a sense of accomplishment and to promote their well-being. 36 平等的教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好
Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement. 当地政府应保证平等教育，这样能帮助落后学生去解决学习的落后。 Local authorities should ensure equal access to education, which can help tackle educational underachievement, a problem found among disadvantaged children.
54: 死记乘法表并不是提高算术能力的最好方式。
Learning the times table by rote is not the best way to improve numeracy. 56: 许多孩子每天接触暴力内容
Many children are exposed to violent content every day.
很多每天接触暴力内容的孩子容易用暴力，因为他们把暴力当作日常生活的一部分。
Many children are exposed to violent content every day and prone to act up, because they treat it as a normal part of everyday life. 60：奖学金可以鼓励更多的学生去学习研究生课程。
Government grants could encourage more students to take postgraduate courses.
62：经费削减让很多年轻人很难接受大学教育。
Budget cuts make it difficult for many young people to receive a college education.
63：按照能力分班和学生的成绩没有明显的联系。
There is no clear link between grouping students by ability and their levels of attainment.
67：教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键。
The quality of teaching has been identified as central to students’ academic performance.
教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键，因此，家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。
The quality of teaching has been identified as central to students’ academic performance, and therefore, parents prefer to choose pre’stigious schools for children.
82：学校应该允许老师强制捣蛋的小孩离开教室。
Teachers should be permitted to use force to remove disruptive children from the classroom. 环境：
4：环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。
The environmental problem has become the focus of public concern. 环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。
Environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions have become the focus of public concern and some regulations can be enforced to tackle these problems.
15 : 空运产生很多的温室气体
Air freight is likely to create enormous greenhouse gases. (a large number of 很少形容gases, goods这种强调数量的东西) 空运可能比其他运输方式产生更多的温室气体。
Air freight is likely to create more greenhouse gases than other modes of transport.
16 : 未来几十年我们很难保护植物多样性
We will find it difficult to preserve biodiversity in the coming decades. 除非当地政府减少城市扩张对植物的影响，否则在未来几十年里我们会发现保护物种多样性很困难。
Unless local authorities reduce the impact of city expansion on vegetation, we will find it difficult to preserve biodiversity in the coming decades. 19人口的扩大是大量垃圾产生的原因
The rapid population expansion is the main reason for the huge accumulation of waste.
人口的扩大是大量垃圾产生的原因，这些垃圾需要几十年才能降解。 Population expansion is the main reason for the huge accumulation of waste, which can take decades to degrade. 25我们的环境还是很糟糕
Our environment is still in a dire（悲惨的） state.
除非我们的现代生活方式有深远改变，否则我们的环境还是会很糟。 Unless we make profound changes in modern lifestyles, our environment will remain in a dire state.
30 密度种植对生物多样性造成了威胁
Intensive farming can pose a threat to bio-diversity.
密集种植对野生植物有巨大影响，对物种多样性有巨大威胁。 Intensive farming has a great impact on natural flora and can pose a threat to bio-diversity.
密集种植对天然植物有严重的负面影响，这可能对农业的可持续发展有威胁。
Intensive farming has a seriously negative impact on natural flora, and this may pose a threat to sustainable development of agriculture. 50：大部分的环境破坏都可以归咎于人类的活动。
Most of environmental de/e/gradation is attributed to human activities. 79：电子汽车的发明是我们维护环境所做努力的其中一部分。 The invention of electric vehicles is part of our effort to sustain the environment.
电子汽车的发明是我们维护环境所做努力的其中一部分，因为这些汽车比传统汽车产生较少的废气。
The invention of electric vehicles is part of our effort to sustain the environment because these vehicles create less exhaust fumes than
conventional cars.
80：有时候，很难去评估人类行为的环境代价。
Sometimes, it is difficult to evaluate the environmental cost of human activities.
有时候，虽然很难去评估人类行为的环境代价，但是应该颁布法律以限制这些行为。
Sometimes, although it is difficult to evaluate the environmental cost of human activities, it is necessary to e’nact laws to restrict some behaviors. 家庭：
5：家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。
Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children’s screen time. 家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。
Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children' s screen time, thereby protecting children' s eyesight and encouraging them to do more outdoor activities.
18 孩子很有可能有行为的问题
The children are likely to have behavioural problems. 在家遭受虐待或者忽视的孩子可能会有行为问题。
The children who are exposed to abuse or neglect in the home are likely to have behavioral problems.
21 随着年龄增长，很难和朋友和家人保持联系
With age, people find it difficult to maintain contact with family and friends.
（people are hard to 错！！！人无难易之分；contact[ vt.]contact sb.） 随着年龄的增加，人们发现保持与亲人和朋友的联系变得困难，因为他们被工作和其他任务占据。
With age, people find it difficult to maintain contact with family and friends, as they are occupied with work and other commitments. 58： 家庭环境被认为是小孩成长最重要的影响。
Family environment is widely thought/believed to be the most important influence on children’s development. 性别：
3： 很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。
Many girls are not willing to seek employment in a male-dominated world.
很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。
Numerous women are unwilling to find employment in a male-dominated world because they can face barriers to top-level promotion. 基因工程：
29 基因工程让人们能培养新品种农作物
Genetic engineering allows people to nurture crop varieties.
基因工程使人们能培育出抗旱的农作物品种，因此可以提高土地利用率。
Genetic engineering allows people to nurture crop varieties that are resistant to drought，thereby improving land productivity. 39 一些人不支持转基因食品
Some people disapprove of genetically modified food.
一些人反对转基因食品，因为他们认为这种食品的弊大于利。 Some people disapprove of genetically modified food, as they believe that this type of food does more harm than good. 65：基因食物对健康的影响仍然未知。
The health effect of GE food remains unclear/yet to be known.
（错误：genetic food这个表达也不是很好？？？？？？？？？？？） （错误：remains 包含still，二者重复）
基因食物对健康的影响仍然未知，所以清楚的食物标签被强烈提倡。 The health effect of GE food remains unclear, so clear food labeling is strongly advocated. 全球问题：
37种族歧视仍然很严重
Racial stereotyping and discrimination remains a serious problem. 虽然政府促进平等，但是种族歧视仍然是一个严重问题。
Racial stereotyping and discrimination remains a serious problem, although governments promote equality.
38 接触不同的文化可以促进创新
Exposure to different cultures can encourage creativity. 接触不同的文化能够促进创新，这是企业或者国家的财富。 Exposure to different cultures can encourage creativity, which is an asset for enterprises or countries. 47审美观是因文化而异的。
Perception of beauty differs from culture to culture. 48：环境保护运动可以跨越国界。
Environmental protection campaigns can transcend /超越（重音在后）/national boundaries.
55: 贫穷国家的首要问题是满足人们基本生存需求
The top priority for deprived countries is to satisfy citizens' basic needs. 贫穷国家的首要问题是满足人们基本生存需求，这是维持国家稳定一个有效方法。
The top priority for deprived countries is to satisfy citizens' basic needs, and by doing this, governments can sustain social stability. 57: 因为全球化，人们需要和来自不同背景的人工作。
Because of globalisation, people need to work with those from diverse backgrounds.
66：移民有时候被认为是社会团结的一个威胁。
Immigrants are sometimes recognised as a threat to social cohesion. 政府&社会：
23政府应该支持对太空科技的投资
The investment in space technology should be supported by the government.
政府应该支持对太空科技的投资因为这些科技的商业化会带来更多的商业机会，提高人们的生活水平。
The investment in space technology should be supported by the government because the commercialization of such technology will bring more business opportunities and improve people's living standards. 24 有些公共服务很难收支平衡
Some public services have problems in breaking even. 一些公共服务很难收支平衡，需要政府资金。
Some public services have problems in breaking even and need government funds.
36 平等的教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好
Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement. 当地政府应该保证平等教育，这样能够帮助落后学生去解决学习的落后。
Local authorities should ensure equal access to education, which can help tackle educational underachievement, a problem found among disadvantaged children.
44 政府应该重视社会福利，尤其是医疗服务。
The government should give priority to social welfare, especially the healthcare.
当谈论到公共资金的分配时，一些人认为政府重视社会福利，尤其是医疗服务，这会帮助阻止弱势群体无助地死去。
When it comes to distribution of public funds, some people suggest that the government should give priority to social welfare, especially the healthcare, which helps stop the disadvantaged population dying needlessly.
64：随着越来越多的年轻人参加志愿者工作，社区的凝聚力（cohesion）会加强
With an increasing number of young people participating in volunteer work, community cohesion will be enhanced.
71：在一个消费社会里，人们不再满足生活必需品（bare necessities）。 In the consumer society, people are no longer satisfied with bare necessities.
81：人口老龄化促使国家去放松退休年龄的限制。
The aging population has prompted countries to raise the statutory retirement age.
人口老龄化导致高级技术工人的短缺，这个问题已经促使国家提高了法定退休年龄。
The aging population leads to a shortage of highly skilled workers, a problem which has prompted countries to raise the statutory retirement
age. 健康：
12：工作很多的人没有时间去休息，去充电（recharge batteries） People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest and recharge batteries. 工作很多的人没有足够的时间去休息和充电，这样对他们的健康有害。
People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest and recharge batteries, which can be harmful to their fitness. 51：不健康的生活方式让人们处于生病的危险之中。 An unhealthy lifestyle may put people at risk of illness. 74：人们不健康的生活方式是他们倾向于依赖科技的结果。 People’s unhealthy lifestyle is the result of their tendency to rely heavily on technology.
人们不健康的生活方式是他们倾向于依赖科技的结果，尽管事实上科技让他们的生活更加方便，给他们的生活带来很大提高。
People’s unhealthy lifestyle is the result of their tendency to rely heavily on technology, despite the fact that technology has made their lives convenient and improved their lives significantly. 建筑：
10 高层建筑有时候被认为是城市的eyesore（难看的东西，眼中钉）。 High-rise buildings are sometimes regarded as eyesores of the city.
17: 历史遗迹heritage sites因为城市发展而受到威胁 The development of cities has posed a threat to heritage sites.
城市的发展已经威胁到历史遗迹，但是政府还没有办法是否去保护还是毁坏这些建筑。
The development of cities has posed a threat to heritage sites, but the government has no idea whether to protect or demolish these constructions.
33历史文物因为它的历史重要性而被保存
Historical relics should be preserved for their historical significance. 52：建造住宅楼有助于解决城市的拥挤问题。
Building apartment blocks helps solve overcrowding in cities.
住宅楼由于其能最大限度地利用土地和空间，所以有助于解决城市的拥挤问题。
Apartment blocks, which make the most of land and space, help solve overcrowding in cities. 钱（礼物）：
13 : 送贵重的礼物（lavish gifts）是中国的习惯 It is customary for Chinese people to exchange lavish gifts. Exchanging lavish gifts is a tradition in China. 送贵重礼物是一种中国传统，当收到或者送便宜礼物的时候许多人觉得没面子。
Exchanging lavish gifts is a tradition in China and many people feel they lose face when giving or receiving inexpensive gifts. 性格：
49： 规则可能会限制人的创造性。 Regulations may stifle people’s creativity 运动：
1：经常做运动会提高人的自信
Regular exercise can increase one's self-confidence.
经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。
Participating in sports frequently can boost people's confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly. 46 经常运动使得人们保持健康的心态
Doing exercise regularly helps people maintain a healthy state of mind. 经常做运动帮助人们保持一个健康的心态，使他们更容易应对压力 Doing exercise regularly helps people maintain a healthy state of mind and makes it easier for them to cope with stress. 电视&网络&电话：
20我们不能够忽视面对面的交流
We should not ignore face-to-face communication.
网络能够丰富我们的生活，但是我们不应该忽视面对面的交流因为它对社会关系有直接影响。
Internet can enrich our social lives, but we should not ignore face-to-face communication, because this has a direct impact on social relationships. 42 电脑技能可以运用到学习工作中
Computer skills can be applied in their studies as well as their working lives.
学生们可以获得电脑技术，这些技术可以应用在他们的学习和工作中。
Students can acquire computer skills which can be applied in their studies as well as their working lives.
69：网络购物对于很多人已经成为生活中的很普通的一部分。 Online shopping has become a normal part of people’s everyday life. 72：电脑对人的文化程度的影响随着年龄变化。 The impact of computers on literacy skills varies across ages.
电脑对人的文化程度的影响随着年龄变化，老师对电脑的用法有复杂的感情。
The impact of computers on literacy skills varies across ages and teachers have mixed feelings on the usage of computers. 73： 媒体通过夸大受害者的伤痛去吸引观众。
The media attracts public attention by sen’sationalising victims’ suffering. 媒体通过夸大受害者的伤痛去吸引观众，而忽视对这些观众的有害结果，比如将他们在公众面前曝光。
The media attracts public attention by sensationalising victims’ suffering, while ignoring harmful consequences to these individuals, such as their exposure to the public. 旅游：
41 旅游景点竭力满足游客的需要和品味
Tourist spots en’deavor to cater/ei/ for tourists' tastes and needs. 76：因为费用的下降，航空最近几十年发展得很快。
Because of low-cost carriers, the aviation industry has developed at an astounding pace over the past decades.
因为费用的下降，航空最近几十年发展得很快，这意味着人们会比以前更多旅游。
Because of low-cost carriers, the aviation industry has developed at an astounding pace over the past decades, and this means that people are tempted感兴趣 to travel more frequently than before. 传统VS现代：
83： 很多人觉得自己有必要赶时尚。
Many people consider it necessary to follow fashion.
很多人觉得有必要赶时尚；否则的话，他们相信自己过时了。 Many people consider it necessary to follow fashion; otherwise, they believe they are behind the times. 交通：
15 : 空运产生很多的温室气体
Air freight is likely to create enormous greenhouse gases. (a large number of 很少形容gases, goods这种强调数量的东西) 空运可能比其他运输方式产生更多的温室气体。
Air freight is likely to create more greenhouse gases than other modes of transport.
40 因为堵车上下班时间变得更长。
Commuting time has been prolonged because of traffic congestion. 76：因为费用的下降，航空最近几十年发展得很快。
Because of low-cost carriers, the aviation industry has developed at an astounding pace over the past decades.
因为费用的下降，航空最近几十年发展得很快，这意味着人们会比以前更多旅游。
Because of low-cost carriers, the aviation industry has developed at an astounding pace over the past decades, and this means that people are tempted感兴趣 to travel more frequently than before.
79：电子汽车的发明是我们维护环境所做努力的其中一部分。 The invention of electric vehicles is part of our effort to sustain the environment.
电子汽车的发明是我们维护环境所做努力的其中一部分，因为这些汽车比传统汽车产生较少的废气。
The invention of electric vehicles is part of our effort to sustain the environment because these vehicles create less exhaust fumes than conventional cars. 工作：
8经济的下滑（economic slowdown）导致失业率的上升。 Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate. 经济下滑已经导致失业率上升，因为雇主打算裁员而且拒绝雇用新员工。
Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate because employers intend to cut overheads and refuse to recruit new employees. 经济下滑已经导致失业率上升，因为人们对开展新失业犹豫不决，而且很多大公司裁员。
Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate, as people balk /b奥k/ at starting up new businesses and a number of giant companies downsize their workforce.
9因为不够明朗的经济前景（economic outlook），很多公司不可能招聘新的职员。
Because of the uncertainty about the economic outlook, many companies are unlikely to recruit new employees.
因为经济前景的不确定，很多公司不可能招聘新人，因此大量的毕业生找不到工作。
Because of the uncertainty about the economic outlook, many companies are unlikely to recruit new employees and a considerable number of graduates fail to find employment. 11：经济的发展需要年轻的劳动者
A country's economic development relies on a supply of young workers. 一个国家的经济发展依靠一定量的年轻劳动力，但是问题是老龄化的社会对劳动力有负面影响。
A country's economic development relies on a supply of young workers, but the problem is that the aging society has an adverse impact on the labour force.
12：工作很多的人没有时间去休息，去充电（recharge batteries） People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest and recharge batteries. 工作很多的人没有足够时间去休息和充电，这样对他们的健康有害。 People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest and recharge batteries, which can be harmful to their fitness. 21 随着年龄增长，很难和朋友和家人保持联系
With age, people find it difficult to maintain contact with family and friends.
（people are hard to 错！！！人无难易之分；contact[ vt.]contact sb.） 随着年龄的增加，人们发现保持与亲人和朋友的联系变得困难，因为他们被工作和其他任务占据。
With age, people find it difficult to maintain contact with family and friends, as they are occupied with work and other commitments. 26 因为失业率高升，大学生感到有压力去努力学习
Undergraduates feel under increasing pressure to study hard, because of the soaring unemployment rate.
Students feel pressured to study hard because the unemployment rate is increasing.
31 没有受过高等教育的年轻人只能找到低技术的工作
Young people without tertiary education qualifications normally end up working in low-skilled jobs. 一个取得广泛共识的概念是没有大学文凭的年轻人通常只能找低技术含量的工作，这也危害到他们的生活质量。
There is a widely held notion that young people without tertiary education qualifications normally end up working in low-skilled jobs and this can ’compromise the quality of life. 35 一些员工被鼓励着去打破陈规
Some employees are encouraged to break the mould. 现在公司喜欢能够打破常规的员工。
Nowadays, companies prefer those employees who can break the mould. 45 在竞争激烈的社会，有工作的人关心职业发展。
In a highly competitive society, working adults usually focus on career advancement.
在竞争激烈的社会中，有工作的人关心职业发展，很难实现工作和生活的平衡。
In a highly competitive society, working adults usually focus on career advancement, and have difficulty in achieving work-life balance. 53 贫穷的人可以通过努力工作来提高社会地位
People from disadvantaged backgrounds can improve their social status by working hard.
贫穷的人可以通过努力工作来提高社会地位，这看起来是一个辛苦但有效的过程。
People from disadvantaged backgrounds can improve their social status by working hard and this seems an arduous but rewarding process. 61：我们需要采取措施去解决一些棘手的问题。
We need to have measures in place to solve some intractable problems. 81：人口老龄化促使国家去放松退休年龄的限制。
The aging population has prompted countries to raise the statutory retirement age.
人口老龄化导致高级技术工人的短缺，这个问题已经促使国家提高了法定退休年龄。
The aging population leads to a shortage of highly skilled workers, a problem which has prompted countries to raise the statutory retirement age.