?T1p2??1 ?ĩp1T26-26 ɻǰеѹָʾΪ1.0 atm(1.013310 Pa)¶Ϊ27 棻ɺѹָʾΪ0.8 atm(0.8104
5
310 Pa)¶Ϊ27 棬Լɻĸ߶ȣ ⣺ѹǿ߶ȱ仯Ĺɣp?nkTn?n0emgzkT5
?mgzkTp?n0kTe z??mgzkT?p0e?p0e?MmolgzRT
pRTln0
Mmolgpz?8.31?3001ln?1.96?103 m
0.0289?9.80.86-27 ʲô߶ȴѹǿΪ75%(¶Ϊ0) ⣺ѹǿ߶ȱ仯Ĺ
z?pRTln0
Mmolgpz?
8.31?2731ln?2.3?103m
0.0289?9.80.75ϰ
7-1бǷȷ?Ϊʲô? 1?Q??E??A 2Q?E?3??1??pdV
Q2Q 4??1?2 Q1Q1⣺(1)ȷQ??E?A
(2)ȷ Q?E?(3)ȷ??1??pdV
Q2 Q1Q2 Q1(4)ȷ??1?7-2 p?VͼϷΧʾʲô?ԽǷЧԽ?
𣺷Χʾѭľ??Q1йأ
AQ1AԽЧʲһߣΪ?
7-3 7-3ͼʾѭָ̣ÿһѭĹġģ㣬˵ɣ
⣺ͼʾѭΪ0Ϊͼѭ֣СȣѭһΪʱ룬һΪ˳ʱ룬ѭΪ0
7-3ͼ
7-4 ѧһɺ͵ڶɷֱ֤p?Vͼһһ߲ 㣮
7-4ͼ
⣺1.ѧһ
Q??E?A ab a?b
?E1?Q1?A1?0 a?b
?E2?A1?0 ?E2??A2?0
ϵó?E1??E2a,bܱ仯Ӧͬìܣ
2.㣬ɱպ߶һѭ̣ѭֻȣȣҶȻЧΪ100%Υѧڶɣ 7-5 һѭ7-5ͼʾָ (1)ab,bc,caʲộ (2)Ӧp?Vͼ
(3)ѭǷѭ?
(4)ѭĹǷֱ?
(5)ͼеQab,Qbc,QacȻЧʻϵ ⣺(1) abǵ
bc̣ͼ֪V?KTKΪб pV?vRT
p?bcΪѹ caǵ¹
(2)p?Vͼ7?5?ͼ
vR K7?5?ͼ
(3)ѭѭ
(4)ѭĹֱΪֱβp?VͼеͼΣ
(5) e?Qab
Qbc?Qca?Qab
7-5ͼ 7-6ͼ
7-6 ŵѭ7-6ͼʾǵѭȣʣ (1)ȺͷȵIJֵǷͬ (2)ľǷȣ (3)ЧǷͬ?
ڿŵѭΧȣϵͳľȣҲȺͷȵIJֵȣȺͷȵĶٲһȣЧҲͲͬ 7-7 ˵ȷ?
(1)ȫȣȲȫɹ
(2)ֻܴӸ崫壬ܴӵ崫壮
(3)̾طеḶ́̾DzطеḶ́
(1)ȷİܹȫɹȫȣȲԶȫɹ
(2)ȷԶӸ崫壬Զɵ崫壮İ£ܴӵ崫壮
(3)ȷһϵͳijһ״̬ijһ̴һ״̬һ̣ԭ̶һӰʹϵͳͬʱܻصԭ״̬Ĺ̾
̣κηʹϵͳͬʱָԭ״̬ĹDẓЩ طУϵͳܻصԭ״̬ûͬʱָԭ״̬Dẓ 7-8 ѧϵͳӳƽ̬APĩƽ̬BPΪ̣رΪ
BdQdQ治SB?SA??PΪ̣رΪSB?SA??˵һҪģ
AATTBģ
𣺲ԣ״̬رֻĩ״̬йأPΪرΪ
dQSB?SA??PΪ̣رΪ
ATBSB?SA??7-9 SB?SA?dQ
ATB?BdQTASB?SA?dQ?ATǷ˵̵رڲر?Ϊʲô?˵
Bɣ
ⲻ˵̵رڲر䣬״̬رֻĩ״̬йأ̺Ͳ̳ĩ״̬ͬͬر䣮ֻ˵ڲУϵͳ±֮Сر䣮
7-10 7-10ͼʾһϵͳ״̬aacb״̬bĹУ350 Jϵͳϵͳ126 J (1)adbʱϵͳ42 Jжϵͳ?
(2)ϵͳ״̬bba״̬aʱϵͳΪ84 JϵͳȻǷ?Ƕ?
7-10ͼ
⣺abc̿b̬a̬֮ Q??E?A
?E?Q?A?350?126?224 J
abḍϵͳA?42 J
Q??E?A?224?42?266J ϵͳ
bạϵͳA??84J
Q??E?A??224?84??308J ϵͳ
7-11 1 molԭ300 Kȵ350 K˶?˶?˶ٹ?
(1)ֲ䣻 (2)ѹֲ䣮 ⣺(1)
ѧһɵQ??E
Q??E??CV(T2?T1)??iR(T2?T1) 23?8.31?(350?300)?623.25 J 2 A?0
Q??E?(2)ѹ
Q??CP(T2?T1)?? Q?i?2R(T2?T1) 25?8.31?(350?300)?1038.75 J 2 ?E??CV(T2?T1)