考查一般现在时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态。句意：此外，无糖饮食令人困惑，并强加了一套没有科学依据的规则。分析句子可知， a set of rules 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。且与谓语make为被动。分析句意可知，本句为一般现在时/现在完成时。故填are made/have been made。 【28题详解】

考查从属连词。句意：这可能是因为他们担心自己的体重，或者担心某些营养物质会对健康产生影响。分析句子可知，本句为表语从句。分析句意可知，空处缺少表示原因的连接词，所以空处填because。故填 because。 【29题详解】

考查连接代词。句意：通过一系列的实验，研究人员确定的是，你可以吃大量的绿色食品，享受全谷物和豆类食物。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，about为介词，缺少宾语，所以用what作about的宾语。故填what 。 【30题详解】

考查副词比较级。句意：大多数人可以偶尔吃一点糖，但你不必为了健康而戒掉它。由“a little less sugar”less often。可知，大多数人可以少吃一点糖，但不要经常吃糖。所以用often比较级的否定形式，故填less often。 【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：

(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)；

(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。

分析小题6的句子可知，本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前面的整个句子，作后面定语从句的主语。故填which .

Section B (10分)

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

The United Nations’ series of “language days” are designed to promote the use of the six official languages of

the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity (语言多样性). Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese____31____ of Guyu (古语), which honours Cangjie—the four-eyed ____32____ figure who is traditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.

Mandarin (普通话) is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers. When most people think of “Chinese”, it is Mandarin that they are ____33____. But Mandarin Chinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language—or the only language spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember—this is a country which is both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the ____34____ expanse of territory, that is, China can be ____35____ not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.

It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be ____36____ classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.

Understanding the situation is ____37____ by the fact that, while many Chinese people in different geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may____38____. A ____39____ feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has four tones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (音高) in which syllables (音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words ____40____ different keys. Some words even have pitch variations in one single syllable. 【答案】31. D 32. H 33. A 34. F 35. B 36. G 37. E 38. C 39. K 40. J 【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国“汉语日”的由来，并介绍了普通话远非汉语的唯一变体。除了普通话还有多种方言。但声调是所有汉语语言的一个显著特征。 【31题详解】

考查名词。句意：这是一个适合庆祝中国古语的时候，古语是为了纪念仓颉，仓颉是一个长有四只眼睛的神话人物，人们通常认为他在5000年前的黄帝时代创造了汉字。由“Chinese Language Day is the 20th April”可知，汉语日在4月20日。这是一个与中国古语庆典相适应的时期。Chinese为形容词，修饰名词celebration“庆祝活动”。故填D. 【32题详解】

考查形容词。句意：这是一个适合庆祝中国古语的时候，古语是为了纪念仓颉，仓颉是一个长有四只眼睛的神话人物，人们通常认为他在5000年前的黄帝时代创造了汉字。由“four-eyed ”可知，仓颉是长着四肢眼的神话人物。mythical“神话的”为形容词修饰名词figure。故填H. 【33题详解】

考查动词。句意：当大多数人想到汉语时，他们想到的是普通话。分析句子可知，Mandarin为先行词，作后面定语从句的宾语。定语从句为现在进行时。所以填picturing“想象”。故填A. 【34题详解】

考查形容词。句意：中国幅员辽阔，地域不同，不但被遥远的地域跨度分隔，而且还被广阔的地理特征所分隔，如山脉。本空应填形容词来修饰名词expanse,分析句意可知，空处应填形容词vast“广阔的”来修饰名词expanse。故填F. 【35题详解】

考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：中国幅员辽阔，地域不同，不但被遥远的地域跨度分隔，而且被广泛的地理特征所分隔，如山脉。be separated by “被...分隔”符合句意。故填B. 【36题详解】

考查副词。句意：一般来说，方言可以大致分为七大类：普通话、赣语、客家语、闽语、吴语、湘语和粤语。roughly“大致”为副词修饰形容词classified。故填G. 【37题详解】

考查形容词。句意：理解这种情况是复杂的，由于许多生活在中国不同地理区域的中国人在说他们的方言时可能彼此听不懂，即使他们在该语言中不同汉字的发音可能不同，但他们可能使用相同的书面语言。分析句子可知，本句为主系表结构。分析句意可知，空处填complicated“复杂的”。故填E. 【38题详解】

考查动词。句意：理解这种情况是复杂的，由于许多生活在中国不同地理区域的中国人在说他们的方言时可能彼此听不懂，即使他们在该语言中不同汉字的发音可能不同，但他们可能使用相同的书面语言。may为情态动词后接动词原形。分析句意空处填vary“变化”。故填C. 【39题详解】

distinguishing“有区别的”为形容词修饰名词feature。考查形容词。句意：声调是所有汉语的一个显著特征。且符合句意。故填K. 【40题详解】

考查动词。句意：在汉语中，不同汉字强调不同的声调。空处缺少谓语。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在

时。主语为different words,所以谓语为stress“强调”，且符合句意。故填J.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15分)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has ___41___ for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered: Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to ___42___ science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?

To understand how ___43___ shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible ___44___, prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific ___45___ and other financial support. Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find ___46___ anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. ___47___ this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our ___48___ was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their ___49___. Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.

Our initial results highlighted overall___50___ news: the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there’s no ___51___ that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations (引用) per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. ___52___, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.

The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat___53___ when it comes