Section Ⅲ Learning about Language

?核心词汇诠释

1．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉 n．费用；主管

(经典佳句)I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course. 我想知道这为期六周的课程您向我收费多少。 (1)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 (2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 (3)take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理…… in the charge of 受……的管理 free of charge 免费

①There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge for admission or not.

(人们)就博物馆是否应该收入场费有激烈的争论。

②The company was badly organized until she took charge of it. 直到她掌管，这家公司一直管理很差。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译

(1)I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course. (2)The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels. (3)汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。

①The company is in_the_charge_of Tom while the boss is away. ②Tom is in_charge_of the company while the boss is away. ③Tom takes_charge_of the company while the boss is away.

一句辨异：The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.

负责这个公司的那个人被指控吸毒。

2.advertise vt.& vi.做广告；宣传；公告

(教材原句P13)Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event. 现在要求你制作一张海报，发布一项体育赛事。 (1)advertise for 登广告征求……

advertise for sb.to do sth. 登广告招聘/雇用某人做某事 (2)advertisement n. 广告

put an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上发布广告

The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help look after the patients. 这家疗养院正在登广告招聘一名志愿者帮助照顾病人。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空

(1)I'm calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise) the other day. Could you please tell me more about it?

(2)If you are in search of your missing pet, you'd better put an advertisement_ (advertise) in the newspaper.

发散思维：后缀-ment名词荟萃

①advertise v．→advertisement n．广告 ②move v．→movement n. 运动

③improve v．→improvement n. 提高， 改善 ④punish v．→punishment n. 惩罚 ⑤encourage v．→encouragement n. 鼓励

一般将来时的被动语态

[新知导引]

1．(教材原句P10)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will_be_admitted (admit) as competitors.

2．They won't_be_stopped outside the stadium. They have tickets. 3．We shan't_be_asked to be there before eight.

4．The government is going to build a new school next year and it is_going_to_be_built in the poor village.

5．(教材原句P14)If he cannot run as fast as me, he will_be_killed (kill)． [共性呈现]

1．上述例句中的时态为“ 一般将来时的被动语态”。 2．例句①④⑤为该语态的肯定句，谓语部分结构是： will/shall_be_done/be_going_to_be_done。

3．例句②③为该语态的否定句，谓语部分结构是： won't/shan't_be_done。 [语法精释]

一、一般将来时的被动语态的常见形式 肯定式：will/shall＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 否定式：won't/shan't＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 疑问式：Will/Shall＋主语＋be＋及物动词的过去分词？

以上是常见的一般将来时的被动语态形式，常与表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, next week, in a few years等连用。

There is no doubt that he will be admitted into Beijing University. 毫无疑问，他会被北京大学录取的。

If you don't break these rules, you won't be punished. 如果遵守这些规则，你将不会受到惩罚。 When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候出版？

[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

(1)We shall_be_punished (punish) if we lose the money. (2)If you park your car here, you will_be_fined (fine)．

(3)The water will_be_polluted_ (pollute) further unless the government takes immediate action.

二、一般将来时的被动语态的其他形式 1．be going to be done

表示最近即将发生的或者按计划将要发生的被动动作。

This problem is going to be debated in today's class meeting. 在今天的班会上这个问题将要被讨论。 2．be to be done

(1)表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。

His new book based on a true story is to be published next week. 他的基于一个真实故事的新书将于下周出版。

(2)表示“应该”，意思相当于should，可用来征求对方的意见。

What is to be done next？下一步该怎么办？ (3)表示“必须”，意思相当于must或have to。 The task is to be finished before Friday. 这项任务必须在星期五前完成。 [即时演练2] 补全句子

(1)那个问题将在会上讨论。(be going to)

The problem is_going_to_be_discussed at the meeting. (2)运动会将于10月5日举行。(be to do) The sports meeting is_to_be_held on Oct.5. 三、使用一般将来时的被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．短语动词变为被动语态时不能漏掉介词或副词。

I'm sure he will be well looked after in the new kindergarten. 我相信他在新幼儿园会得到很好的照顾。

All means will be made full use of to solve the problem. 要充分利用一切方法来解决问题。

2．含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，应根据需要将其中的一个宾语变成被动句的主语。

My teacher will give me a book.

→I will be given a book by my teacher. →A book will be given to me by my teacher. 我的老师将给我一本书。

3．如果主动句的宾补是不带to的动词不定式，在变成被动句时，则需加上to。 The coach will make me replace Sue on the team. →I will be made to replace Sue on the team. 教练将让我代替苏成为队员。

4．在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。

If I am given more time, I am sure I'll do it better. 如果给我更多的时间，我相信我会把它做得更好。 5．使用一般将来时的被动语态时不要遗漏被动式中的be。 误：Our sports meet will hold in a few weeks. 正：Our sports meet will be held in a few weeks. 我们的运动会将在几周后举行。 [即时演练3] 将下面句子变为被动语态