Lesson 43 Over the South Pole飞越南极

How was the plane able to clear the mountains?

In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. 参考译文

美国探险家 R.E. 伯德在飞越北极3年之后，于1929年第一次飞越了南极。虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片，但他们很快就陷入了困境。在有个地方，飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了。只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时，它才能飞过这些山头。伯德马上命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉，于是飞机可以上升了，它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去。伯德这时知道他能够顺利飞抵300英里以外的南极了，因为前面再没有山了。飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色原野！

一、 单词讲解New words and expressions pole n. （地球的）极 flight n. 飞行 explorer n. 探险家 lie v. 处于 serious adj. 严重的 point n. 地点 seem v. 似乎 crash v. 坠毁 sack n. 袋子 clear v. 越过 aircraft n. 飞机 endless adj. 无尽的 plain n. 平原 pole n． 1)波兰人Poland波兰 2)（地球的）极，极地 the North Pole 北极 the South Pole 南极

Pole-star /the North Star北极星 3)电极，磁极

the positive pole 正极 the negative pole 负极 4)杆，棒，柱 a flag pole 旗杆

pole-axe（旧时）长柄战斧

a telephone pole 电话线杆

flight n． 1)飞行，航班

eg: This is his first flight over the North Pole. 这是他第一次飞跃北极。

A11 flights have been cancelled because of the fog. 因为雾的原故，所有的航班被取消了。 flight recorder飞行记录器，黑匣子 2)（飞鸟的）群，（飞机的）一队 a flight of wild geese-群飞雁 goose [gu:s]鹅 geese [gi: s] (pl. ) 3) 一段楼梯

a flight of stairs一段楼梯

in the first flight（英）站在最前头，一流的 fly-flew-flown

explorer n．探险家 explore v．探险，勘探

explore the North Pole 探索北极 explore the virgin forest考察原始森林

virgin n．处女，未婚女子a．未经使用的；处女的 例: We explored the newly discovered island. 我们去探测那个新发现的小岛。 explorer n．探险家 explorer n．勘探者，探险者

例: Columbus was one of the greatest explorers. 哥伦布是最伟大的探险家之一。 a polar explorer 极地探险家

polar a．（近）地极的；磁极的；正好相反的 lie

l)v.说谎 lie-lied-lied-lying

例：She lies about her age． 她就年龄说谎了。 2)n．谎话tell a lie 说谎话 a black lie 恶意的谎言 a white lie 善意的谎言 live a lie 过骗人的生活，虚伪做人 live a cat-and-dog life 过天天吵架的生活 3)v，平躺，位于lie-lay-lain lie on one' s back 平躺着 lie on one' s stomach 趴着 lie in bed 躺在床上

例: Let sleeping dogs lie.

别惊动睡着的狗； 别惹是生非；别自找麻烦。 Don' t trouble troubles until trouble troubles you 麻烦惹你之前不要去惹麻烦。 Beijing lies in the heart of China. 北京位于中国的心脏地带。 lie (说谎) -lied-lied-lying lie（躺，位于）-lay-lain-lying lay（放，置于）-laid-laid-laying

例：Taiwan lies in the east of China． 台湾位于中国东部。 Lay the book where it was． 把书放回原处 lay the table 放桌子

serious adj. 1)严肃的，正经的

a serious conversation 一次严肃的谈话 a serious person 一个严肃的人

例：I' m serious this time. 我这次是认真的。 2)重大的，危险的(grave)，（疾病，伤痛等）严重的 a serious problem 严重的问题 a serious mistake 一个严重的错误 a serious accident 重大的事故 a serious trouble, 重大的麻烦

例：Take it easy. Nothing serious．别紧张，没什么严重的。 seriously adv.认真地；危险地

例：Don't look at me so seriously.别那样一本正经地看着我。 He was seriously injured in the traffic accident. 他在交通事故中受伤严重。

point n． 1)尖端，尖头

a knife-point 刀尖 a pencil- point铅笔尖 2)点（几何中）

例：AB and CD intersect at point P．AB与CD交于P点。 3)小数点，句号

2. 6读作：two point six beside the point 离题的 get to the point 言归正传 4)地点，位置

a particular point 某个地点 a point of departure 出发点 a turning point 转折点

at one point 在某个地方，在某一时刻或瞬间 strong points 优点 weak points 缺点 Achilles' heel 致命的弱点

seem看起来（不用于进行时态）appear seem to be看起来是

例: it seems to be the best answer. 这看起来是最佳答案了。 seem like看起来像

例: It seems like a disaster at this moment. 在此刻，这看起来使一场灾难。 It seems that… 一看起来是

例：It seems that she is right．看起來她是对的。 It seems as if/as though看起来就像一样

例：It seemed as if he would win。起来就像他会赢一样。 crash

1)v．突然倒下，撞击?发出声响，哗啦一声地沖撞（毁损） 例: The dishes crashed to the floor. 餐具稀里哗啦掉到地上去了。

The wall crashed down． 那面墙哗啦一声倒塌了。 2)V．猛撞，撞毁

例: The plane crashed in the mountains. 飞机在山脉里面撞毀了。

He crashed his car into the wall．他的车撞到墙上去了。 A China plane crashed in Korea recently. 前不久一架中国飞机在韩国坠毀了。

3)n．相撞，（飞机的）坠毁、迫降，哗啦声，轰隆声 例： All the passengers were killed in the plane crash. 在飞机失事中所有的乘客都丧生了。 a crash of thunder雷声轰鸣

sack n． 1)大口袋，大袋子 a sack of rice 一袋大米 a sack of food 一袋食物

put flour in the sack 把面粉装进口袋去 2)（美）（超级市场等供给顾客的）购物袋 a paper sack纸袋 3)(口)解雇，革职 get the sack 被解雇

give' a person the sack 解雇?

sack(v．)sb解雇? 4)床，睡袋

hit the sack （美口）就寝睡觉

hold the sack 背黑锅，被留下来负担全责 clear

1)adj．清楚的，明白的，明显的

例： Are you clear? 你听明白了吗？

I can hear you loud and clear． 我听得非常的清楚和明白。 2)V．移走

clear the table 撤桌子，拣桌子 clear one's throat 清嗓子

clear snow from the streets 清理路面积雪

3)V．经过或越过(get past or over without touching it) 例: The horse cleared the fence easily. 那匹马很容易的越过栅栏了

The plane cleared the mountains at last. 飞机终于越过山脉了。 clear up 天空放晴

例：The sky cleared up just after the rain． 雨过天晴了。 clear away消除

clear away obstacles消除障碍

aircraft n.飞机

Plane/airplane/aeroplane/tin-bird bomber 轰炸机 fighter 战斗机

aircraft 飞行器，飞机，飞艇，飞船 helicopter 直升飞机 shuttle 航天飞机

endless adj. 无尽的 end

)n．末端，尽头，极限

the end of a road 一条路的尽头 the end of a stick 条棍子的尽头 the end of a line 一条线的尽头 a cigarette end 香烟头 candle ends 蜡烛头 2)n．结束，终止，终结

at the end of the year 在年末 at the end of the century在世纪末端 in the end(at last/finally)最后，终于

例： He said he's love her till the end of time. 他说他将爱她到地老天荒。

He is nearing his end．=He is dying．他快要死了。

习语idiom:

at one' s wit' s end 智穷计尽，无计可施

burn the candle at both ends． 劳累过度，过分消耗精力 end to end 首尾相接成一行

make both ends meet 使收支相抵

ending n． 结尾，结局（尤指故事，电影，或戏剧） endless adj．无尽的{without end) the endless road 无尽的路 the endless plain 一望无际的大平原 the endless wait 没完没了的等待

例：The lecture seemed endless．那场演讲好像没完没了 -less（表否定含义的形容词） hopeless 毫无希望的 treeless 光秃秃的，没树的 helpless 无助的 careless 粗心大意的 useless 毫无作用的

merciless 不宽恕的，不仁慈的 valueless/worthless 毫无价值的 plain

1) n．平原，旷野

the plains of central Canada加拿大中部的大平原 a vast plain 大平原 a grassy plain 草原

2) adj. easy to see, hear or understand clear清楚的，明白的 例：The notes you took are very plain．你做的笔记非常清楚。 as plain as the nose on one's face． 一清二楚， 显而易见 3) adj．普通的，平常的

plain clothes普通衣服，便服，（尤指警察的便装） plant卧底，眼线 plain people平民

4) adj．朴素的，简朴的，（服装等）无装饰的 plain living 朴素的生活

a plain gray dress 素静的黑色衣服 plain food 清淡的食物 to be plain with you对你直说

二、关键句型Key structures

can/be able to

1．can只有现在是和过去时，can-could，此外could有时并不强调过。去时而表请求，更加礼貌，客气。 e able to可用于各种时态。

例：Can I use your telephone? 我能用你的电话吗？ Could I use your telephone?

例：He'll come if he can． 要他能够的话他回來的。 He'll come if he is able to.

例: I can see you tomorrow． 我明天能见到你。 I'II be able to see you tomorrow.

例：I couldn't understand him． 我不明白他。 I wasn't able to understand him.

例: He said he could see me next week.他说他下周能见到我。 He said he would be able to see me next week.

2．当我们要表明一个动作已经成功地完成的时候，我们必须用was/were able to， 不能用could. 例： He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much. 他昨天去了伦敦，而且玩得非常高兴。

例: He didn't agree with me at first, but I was able to Persuade him. 他开始不同意我的观点，但我最终说服了他。

例: He was able to leave Europe before the war began. 他在战争开始之前就己经离开了欧洲。

三、 课文讲解Text

In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. for the first time 第一次 first and foremost 首要的是

first, last and all the time． 始终如一，贯彻到底 fly over 飞越

Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. take photos 拍照

a great many +(pl) 许多，大量

run into trouble/ get into trouble 惹上麻烦 ask for trouble/ask for it 白找麻烦 shake off the trouble 摆脱麻烦

At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. 有关at的短语：

例： At first Byrd and his men were able to take photographs. 起初，首先

Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two food sacks. 伯德立刻要求助手把两袋食物扔了出去。

at once表示立刻，马上

例: Billy is not at home at present. He is at school. 现在，比勒不在家，在—上学呢。 at home 在家 at present 现在 at school 在上学

例 : After walking for several hours, we arrived at the village at last. 走了几个小时之后，我们终于到达这个小村庄了。

It' s a pity you can't come to the concert .At any way, you'll be able to hear it on the radio. 你不能来音乐会真是人遗憾了，但是不管怎么说你可以在收音机里听到他。 at any wav不管怎么说

I know he' s often rude to people, but he' s a very pleasant person at heart. 我知道他有时候对人不礼貌，但是从本质上讲他是一个非常好的人。 从本质上来讲at heart

I didn't know you wouldn't be coming. At least you could have telephoned me. 我不知道你不能来，至少你也应该给我打个电话啊。 at least至少

He behaves very strangely at times．他有时候确实古怪。 at times有时候

I don' t know what I can do about it I' m completely at a loss. 我不知我能做什么，我真的不知我如何是好。 at a loss不知如何是好，茫然，困惑

it seemed certain that类似 it seemed to be sure that

It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. get over/fly over /clear飞越 rise to升至 rise-rose-risen

Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. at once表示立刻，马上

throw out拋出，丢弃throw away拋弃

例：Throw those old magazines away． 把那些旧杂志扔扔掉。 throw up放弃（职业，学业等）：呕吐

The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. by prep.

1)住?旁边by the fire住火旁边by the lake住湖旁边 2)经过，沿着

例: He came through the field, not by the road. 他不是沿着马路，而是直接穿过田野来的。 3)在?之前

例: I have to go back by ten o' clock. 我必须在IO点钟之前回去。

4)以?，用...

by train坐火车by phone通过电话by airmail用航空邮寄? 5)相差...左右，一个接一个

例: She is taller than I by three centimeters. 她比我高三厘米。

We defeated the opposing team by 3 runs. 我们以3分的优势击败对方。

Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight.

because，通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的。

例: He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do。 他没有参加会是因为他有太多工作要做了。 for

1)表因果关系时，可与because互换，但只能放在主句后，不能放在句首。 例: He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能看见我，因为我没在那。

2)还可以表示补充的解释或判断，不可用because代替。（显而易见的理由） 例: It rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨天晚下雨了，因为地是湿的。

since表原因，是指人们一致的事实，“既然”

eg: Since he can' t answer the question, you'd better ask someone else. 既然他不能回答这问题，你就最好问别人吧。 as比since语气更弱，译作“既然， 由于...

在含有since，as的句子里，全句重点放在重句的内容上，因为其理由或原因在说话人看来己经很明显，或为听话人所熟悉。

in sight 视线之内 out of sight 视线之外

The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. without difficulty 毫无困难的 with no difficulty 毫无困难的 with some difficulty 有一定的困难 with much difficulty 有很多困难 with great difficulty 有极大的困难 with little difficulty 几乎没有困难 was able to 成功做成...

Special difficulties

用带有at的词组来替换句中括号部分，如有必要可作些改动。 l. We found our way home (in the end). We found out way home at last.

2. He stayed(in the house) all day yesterday.

He stayed at home all day yesterday. 3. You must write to him (immediately). You must write to him at once.

4.He cannot see you (now) as he is busy. He cannot see you at the moment as he is busy. 5. He annoys me (sometimes). He annoys me at times.

6. When I saw that the house was on fire I (didn't know what to do). When I saw that the house was on fire I was at a loss.

7. (When it began) I thought it would be a good film but I was wrong. At first I thought it would be a good film but I was wrong.

四、练习Exercises

l. Did the mountains _____ far below? A. lie B. laid C. lay D. lain 山脉是远远的下方吗？ 分析：

A．躺，出于某种状态，位于； B．置，放，是lie的过去式 C．是lay的过去式和过去分词 D．是lie的过去分词 答案是A

2. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to l0,000 feet. This means it ____ over the mountains.

A. would succeed in getting B. got C. was able to get D. had got

只有飞机升之10，000英尺的高度，他才有可能飞越这个山脉。 分析：

表示对想象的条件所做出的推測。 B．是过去式，表示过去发生的情况。 C．表示过去成功的完成。 D．表示过去早己完成的动作。 答案是A．

3. The plane was then able to rise. This means it____. A. could rise B. might rise C. might succeed in rising D. rose 于是飞机上升了 分析：

A，B，C都表示对没发生的事情的推测 答案是D

4. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all 分析：

A。总共； C．毕竟： D．根本用于否定或疑问句。 答案是B （尤其是）

六、补充内容

First catch your hare, then cook him. 勿谋之过早；到手才算数：先抓到兔子再煮兔肉 First thing first.

先做最重要最必须的事情：做事要分轻重缓急。