新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
Unit 1-1
Catching crabs
抓螃蟹
1 In the fall of our final year, our mood 大学最后一年的秋天，我们的changed.The relaxed atmosphere of the 心情变了。刚刚过去的夏季学期的preceding summer semester, the
轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上impromptu ball games, the boating on the 的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪Charles River, the late-night parties had 影，我们开始埋头学习，苦读到深disappeared, and we all started to get our 夜，课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。我heads down, studying late, and attendance 们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再at classes rose steeply again.We all sensed 也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以we were coming to the end of our stay here, 都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，that we would never get a chance like this 下一年四五月份的期末考试最为again, and we became determined not to 重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第waste it.Most important of course were the 一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之final exams in April and May in the 间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下following year.No one wanted the
午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人humiliation of finishing last in class, so the 了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有peer group pressure to work hard was 空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，strong.Libraries which were once empty 他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自after five o'clock in the afternoon were
豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好standing room only until the early hours of 学的奖章。 the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.
2 But there was something else.At the 还有别的事情让大家心情焦back of everyone's mind was what we
虑。每个人都在心里盘算着过几个would do next, when we left university in a 月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的few months' time.It wasn't always the high 工作。并不总是那些心怀抱负、成flyers with the top grades who knew what 绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来they were going to do. Quite often it was 要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默the quieter, less impressive students who 无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶had the next stages of their life mapped 段的人生做好了规划。有位同学在out.One had landed a job in his brother's 位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公advertising firm in Madison Avenue, 司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写another had got a script under
的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了provisionalacceptance in Hollywood.The 合约。我们当中野心最大的一位同most ambitious student among us was 学准备到地方上当一个政党活动going to work as a party activist at a local 家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议level. We all saw him ending up in the 员或国会议员。但大多数同学不是Senate or in Congress one day.But most 准备继续深造，就是想在银行、地people were either looking to continue their 方政府或其他单位当个白领，希望studies, or to make a living with a 在20出头的时候能挣到足够多的white-collar job in a bank, local
薪水，过上舒适的生活，然后就娶government, or anything which would pay
妻生子，贷款买房，期望升职，过
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
them enough to have a comfortable time in 安稳日子。
their early twenties, and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion.
3 I went home at Thanksgiving, and inevitably, my brothers and sisters kept asking me what I was planning to do. I
didn't know what to say.Actually, I did know what to say, but I thought they'd probably criticize me, so I told them what everyone else was thinking of doing.
4 My father was watching me but saying nothing.Late in the evening, he invited me to his study.We sat down and he poured us a drink.
5 \6 \
7 \asked.
8 My father was a lawyer, and I had
always assumed he wanted me to go to law school, and follow his path through life. So I hesitated.
9 Then I replied, \want to be a writer.\
10 This was not the answer I thought he would expect.Travel? Where? A writer? About what? I braced myself for some resistance to the idea.
11 There was a long silence.
12 \13 There was another long silence.
14 \your age.\15 I waited.
16 \need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment.You need to find out what you really enjoy now, because if you don't, you won't be successful later.\17 \
18 He thought for a moment.Then he said, \tomorrow morning, just you and me.
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感恩节的时候我回了一趟家，兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算，我不知道该说什么。实际上，我知道该说什么，但我怕他们批评我，所以只对他们说了别人都准备干什么。
父亲看着我，什么也没说。夜深时，他叫我去他的书房。我们坐了下来，他给我们俩各倒了杯饮料。
“怎么样？”他问。 “啊，什么怎么样？”
“你毕业后到底想做什么？”他问道。
父亲是一名律师，我一直都认为他想让我去法学院深造，追随他的人生足迹，所以我有点儿犹豫。
过了会儿我回答说：“我想旅行，我想当个作家。”
我想这不是他所期待的答案。旅行？去哪儿旅行？当作家？写什么呀？我做好了遭到他反对的心理准备。
接着是一段长长的沉默。 “这想法有点意思，”他最后说。 接着又是一段长长的沉默。 “我真有点希望自己在你这个年纪时能做这些事儿。” 我在等他把话说完。
“你还有很多时间，不必急于进入一个暂时报酬高的行业。你现在要搞清楚自己真正喜欢什么，如果你弄不清楚，以后就不可能成功。”
“那我该怎么办？” 他想了一会儿。 然后他说道：“瞧，现在太晚了。我们明天早晨乘船出海去，就我们两个。也许我们能抓点螃蟹当晚餐，我们还可以
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
Maybe we can catch some crabs for dinner, 再谈谈。”
and we can talk more.\
那是一艘小小的机动船，停泊在离19 It was a small motor boat, moored ten 我们家约十分钟路程的地方，是好minutes away, and my father had owned it 些年前父亲买的。次日清晨，我们for years.Early next morning we set off
沿着港湾出发，一路上没说多少along the estuary. We didn't talk much, but 话，只是默默地欣赏着海鸥的叫enjoyed the sound of the seagulls and the 声，还有港湾沿岸和远处大海的景sight of the estuary coastline and the sea 色。
beyond.
在这个时候沿海水域没什么20 There was no surf on the coastal 风浪，船平稳地航行了半个小时之waters at that time of day, so it was a 后父亲把船停了下来。他说：“咱smooth half-hour ride until my father
们在这儿试试运气吧，”然后抓起switched off the motor.\一个系上绳子的生了锈的网状篓lucky,\rusty, mesh 子抛到海里。 basket with a rope attached and threw it
into the sea.
我们等了一会儿，父亲站起来21 We waited a while, then my father 对我说，“来帮我一把。” 于是stood up and said, \我们一起将蟹篓子拽上了甲板。 this,\
the deck.
螃蟹让我着迷，它们太容易抓22 Crabs fascinated me. They were so
了。不仅仅是因为它们顺着篓盖上easy to catch.It wasn't just that they crawled 的小孔爬进一个再明显不过的陷into such an obvious trap, through a small 阱，更因为即便盖子打开了，它们hole in the lid of the basket, but it seemed 似乎也懒得从里面爬出来，只会趴as if they couldn't be bothered to crawl out 在那儿冲你挥动着蟹钳。 again even when you took the lid off. They just sat there, waving their claws at you.
23 The cage was brimming with dozens of 篓子里挤满了几十只软壳螃soft shell crabs, piled high on top of each 蟹，一只压着一只，堆得老高。“它other.\们为什么不逃走啊？”我满腹狐疑wondered aloud to my father.
地问父亲。 24 \ “你先观察一下，看那只螃蟹，at that one, there! He's trying to climb out, 那儿！它想爬出去，但每次都被同but every time the other crabs pull him back 伴拽了回去，”父亲说。 in,\
25 And we watched.The crab climbed up 我们接着观察。那只螃蟹顺着the mesh towards the lid, and sure enough, 网眼向顶盖攀援，每当它爬到顶盖just as it reached the top, one of its fellow 时，果然就会有另一只螃蟹举起蟹crabs reached out, clamped its claw onto 钳夹住它的腿把它拽下来。这只螃any available leg, and pulled it back.Several 蟹尝试了好几次想挣脱它的狱中times the crab tried to defy his fellow 同伴，但都没能成功。 captives, without luck.
26 \ “快看！”父亲说。“它开始starting to get bored with this game.\
对这种游戏感到不耐烦了。”
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译 27 Not only did the crab give up its
lengthy struggle to escape, but it actually began to help stop other crabs trying to escape.He'd finally chosen an easy way of life.
28 Suddenly I understood why my father had suggested catching crabs that
morning.He looked at me. \back by the others,\time figuring out who you are and what you want in life. Look back at the classes you're taking, and think about which ones were most productive for you personally.Then think about what's really important to you, what really interests you, what skills you have.Try to figure out where you want to live, where you want to go, what you want to earn, how you want to work.And if you can't answer these questions now, then take some time to find out.Because if you don't, you'll never be happy.\29 He paused.
30 \31 \
32 \want to be a writer?\33 \
34 \writer in the family,\
35 My father started the motor and we set off back home.
那只螃蟹不仅放弃了漫长的逃亡之战，而且还帮着把其他想逃跑的螃蟹拽下来。它最终选择了一种轻松的活法。
我忽然明白了父亲为什么提议早上来抓螃蟹。他看着我说：“你可别被别人拽下来哦。花点时间想想你是哪一类人，你这一生希望得到什么，回顾一下你在大学修的课程，想想有哪些课对你个人来说最有益。然后再想想什么对你最重要，什么最使你感兴趣，你有什么技能。琢磨一下你想在哪里生活，你想去哪里，想挣多少钱，想做什么样的工作。如果你现在不能回答这些问题，你就得花点时间去找出答案。你不这样做的话，永远都不会幸福的。”
他停顿了一下。 “你想去旅行？”他接着问我。 “对，”我回答说。
“那就去申请护照吧。你想当作家？”
“对。”
“有趣的选择，我们家还没出过作家呢，”他说。 我父亲发动了马达，我们返航回家。
Unit1-2
We are all dying
1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes).The bad news—and I'm very sorry to be the bearer—is that we are all dying.It's true. I've checked it out. In fact, I've double- and triple-checked it.I've had it
substantiated and, well, there's no easy way to say it, we are dying.It's something that I always kind of knew, but never
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我们都在走向死亡
我给你带来一条好消息，还有一条坏消息（正如笑话所说的）。坏消息是：我们都在走向死亡——很抱歉是我带来了这条坏消息。这可是真的，我已经核实过了，事实上我已经三番五次地核实过了。我也找到了证据，可是要说出这个事实实在是不容易，不过我们的确都在走向死亡。这件事我过去多少知道一点，但不愿过多地
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
really chose to think about too much.But 去想它。但事实是，再过70年或80the fact is, within the next 70 or 80 years年——这要取决于你现在年龄有多—depending on how old you are and 大，寿命有多长——我们都会躺到棺how long you last—we are all going to 材里，或者变成某个地方公墓玫瑰园be either coffindwellers or trampled ash 里的灰尘，被人践踏。我们甚至活不in the rose garden of some local 到这么老。毕竟，我们从来就不清楚cemetery.We may not even last that
那位戴着头巾、手持长柄镰刀、命人long.After all, we never quite know when 吐出最后一口气的死神什么时候会来the hooded, scythe-carrying, 召唤我们，有可能会比我们希望的要bringer-of-the-last-breath might
早。其实我最近就曾经从局外人的角come-a-calling. It could be sooner than 度观察过死亡，没有什么比朋友的早we'd like.I have watched death from the 逝更能表明人生的无常和生命的脆弱sidelines, quite recently in fact, and 了。 nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit of a friend.
2 Scary.
真可怕。
3 Now that I have depressed you, 我已经让你够沮丧的了，现在告here's the good news. Knowing that we 诉你那条好消息吧：知道了我们都在are all buddingcrypt-kickers takes away 走向坟墓，我们就不再有人生无常的all the uncertainty of life. We already 感觉了。我们已经知道故事的结局，know how the story ends. The prologue 开场白和尾声也都确定了，剩下的就and epilogue are already typed in. All 是介于两者之间的那些事儿了，这些that's left is the middle bit and that's
事是我们作得了主的。我们必须挑选down to us.We get to choose the meat of 故事情节。 the story.
4 So, all those plans that you have on 所以，那些被你搁置在一边的计the back burner, you know, the great 划，即那些“当时机成熟时”你会用things you're going to do with your life 生命来完成的伟大事业怎么办呢？可\我发现时机永远不会有成熟的时候。never quite right, I find.It needs to be 时间必须提前，必须马上行动，就在brought forward and done now, this 这一刻，不能拖延，必须赶紧，而且minute, pronto, in a hurry, as quick as 越快越好。不管是你想写的小说，还your little legs will carry you.The novel 是你一直在筹划的去大峡谷的旅行，that you want to write, the trip to the 你心仪的工作，你想导演的伦敦西区GrandCanyon you've always planned to 话剧，你都必须现在就去做。知道吗？take, your mind's-eye dream-job, the 我们都在走向死亡。这是已经定了的。 West End play you want to direct—you have to do them now.We're dying,
see.It's official.
因此，把自己的梦想搁置起来，5 So putting your dreams on the back 等到时机成熟之后才开始实现它，这burner until the circumstances are right 就意味着梦想可能永远都不会实现。means that they'll probably never be 人生的遗憾莫过于还有事情没有做，realized.Our only regrets in life are the
我们有必要现在就去做这些事，不然
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译 things we don't do. We owe it to
ourselves to go out and do them now before it's too late.Tomorrow? It's all a lie; there isn't a tomorrow. There's only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash.It doesn't even
exist.When you wake up in the morning it'll be today again and all the same rules will apply.Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting some seeds.Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don't invest your time wisely), will be gone and you'll have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of \\
6 Have you ever noticed when you go to a buffet restaurant how they give you a bowl the size of a saucer and then say, \can only go up once\small salad bowl. Like the hungry people waiting for their main course, we can cram as much into that tiny bowl as we can carry.I love watching people
ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl—like they're filling a skip—and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back to the table.They're not greedy. They just know that they only have one shot at it.
7 Fill your bowl. We come this way but once so let's make the best of the short stay. Like the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain.Fit as much into the short time there as you can.Make sure that you go back home knackered because you got so much done.
8 If you don't want to be a postman then don't be a postman. Give it up and
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就晚了。明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀嗒地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”、“本应该做”、“本来会做”的事情。
你是否注意过，自助餐馆里服务员会给你一个茶杯碟大小的碗，并告诉你：“你想盛多少沙拉都可以，但只能盛一次”？生活就像那只盛沙拉的碗，我们可以和那些饥肠辘辘等着主菜的人一样在那只小碗里装上尽可能多的沙拉。我喜欢看人们巧妙地把黄瓜片插在沙拉碗的四周——就像往废料桶里堆东西那样——把沙拉堆得老高老高，最后不得不雇个叉车把沙拉拉回餐桌。他们不是贪婪，而是明白自己只有一次机会。
把你的碗盛满吧，我们在这个世上只走一遭，既然来了就好好利用这短暂的一生，就像我们牢牢抓住一年一度去佛罗里达或西班牙度假的机会那样。在短暂的人生中填入尽可能多的内容吧。确保每天回家后你都会因为干了很多事而感到精疲力尽。 如果你不想当邮递员就别当邮递员，放弃这份工作去当个画家、作家、滑雪运动员，干什么都行。千万不要干自己明明就不喜欢的事情。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
be a painter, a writer, atobogganist,
whatever.Just don't be something that 现在就开始行动吧，不要等到明you patently do not want to be. 天。没有比现在更好的时间了。如果9 And now is the time, not
在这一刻你不能得到你想得到的东tomorrow.There is no time like the
西，你至少可以趁灵感还在的时候马present.If you can't have what you want 上开始你的旅程，即刻起程。我们有this very second the least you can do is 同样多的时间，我们和布兰森以及盖start the journey now, this minute, while 茨一样，每天都有24个小时。决定the inspiration is high.We all have the 我们这一生成败的是我们把时间花在same amount of minutes, we all get the 什么事情上，是我们如何来分配时间。 same 24 hours as Branson and Gates.It's 因此，我正在琢磨的是（这可不just what we do with our time, how we 是分子科学）：如果我们正在走向死invest it, that determines where our lives 亡，而且分配给我们的时间是有限的，may lead.
那么我们到底有什么理由不现在就去10 So what I'm thinking is (and this is 做所有想做的事情呢？这些被暂时搁not molecular science) if we are dying 置的事情到底又是什么呢？为什么明and our allotted time is finite, why the 明知道成熟的时机永远不会到来，而hell aren't we doing all the things we 我们却都还在等待呢？成熟的时机是want to do NOW? What's all this
一张支票，它永远都在邮寄的路上，back-burner stuff? And why are we all 永远都不会到来。它就是那位让我们waiting for the right time when we 在合作社旁边像桥墩那样站着傻等的already know that the right time isn't 女孩，我们再怎么看表也无济于事，going to show? The right time is the
她失约了。 cheque that's permanently in the post, it never arrives.It's the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner. No amount of
clock watching will change the inevitable. 我们傻等着，而成熟的时机却永She's stood us up.
远不会到来。
11 We wait; the right time never 所以我要说，别再等待了，走到arrives.
路上去迎接天意。开始给你的生活增12 So I say stop waiting and meet 添所有你能得到的财富，这样当死神providence halfway.Start filling your life 到来时，你已经完成了那么多事，你with the riches on offer so that when the 的一生是那么的充实。 当生命在你眼reaper arrives, you'll have achieved so 前回放时，死神等着等着就睡着了。 much, crammed your time so full that
he'll fall asleep waiting for your life to 现在就行动吧，不然你的时间会flash before your eyes.
流逝的，而你最终将成为尘封的相册13 Act now or your time will elapse and 里的一位谁都叫不上名字的灰头土脸you'll end up as a sepia-coloured relative 的穷亲戚。
that no one can put a name to in a dusty 还是给人间留下一本像大煎蛋饼photo album.
那么厚的传记吧，那可比仅仅留下一14 Better to leave a biography as thick 块碑铭强。
as a whale omelettethan an epitaph.
“乔 ? 史密斯…… 嘿嘿，他没干
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
15 \Joe Smith ... hmmm. He didn't do
much, did he?\
过什么，对吧？”
Unit1-3
Ritesof passage
1 Is life just \another\Elbert
Hubbard wrote a hundred years ago, taking a rather fatalistic viewpoint? Or is it an obstaclerace, in which the contestants—human beings everywhere—have to show their worth at certain crucial stages of their lives?
2 The sad clownJacques in Shakespeare's play As You Like It suggests that there are \phenomenon of rites of passage in almost every society confirms that we prefer to think of life in terms of these stages, such as childhood, middle age and old age.
3 A rite of passage is a formal recognition of change, imposed by society, of a move from one stage to another, the most universally recognized one being the transition between childhood and adulthood.This can take very different
forms.For example, in Jewish tradition one of the most important moments in a person's life, marked by a religious ceremony and a family feast, is the BarMitzvah, when children become responsible for their actions—at the age of 13.This is roughly the same age that children can be held legally responsible in many countries.
4 A very different rite of passage is the tradition of the prom at the end of American high school.This is a dance with a difference. Students have to wear formal clothes—many for the first time in their lives—and it is usual to hire an expensive limousine to arrive at the prom.It is as if, for one night, they behave like adults twice their age—or at least look older than they really are.
5 Perhaps one of the most interesting rites
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通过仪式
生活是否如同对生活持宿命论看法的美国作家阿尔伯特 ? 哈伯德在一百年前所描述的那样，是“该死的事情一桩接着一桩”？抑或是一场障碍赛跑，其间每个参赛者，即世界各地的人们，不得不在生命的各个重要阶段展现自己的价值？
莎士比亚的戏剧《皆大欢喜》中那个悲伤的小丑雅克认为，人的一生要经历“七个年龄段”，几乎每个社会都有的通过仪式也证明，我们往往是把生命分为这几个阶段来看待的，比如童年、中年和老年。
通过仪式是社会对个人从一个阶段走向另一阶段的正式的认可，其中被广泛认同的是由少年步入成年时举行的成年礼。成年礼有多种形式。例如，在犹太传统中，人生最重要的时刻之一就是“犹太男孩成人仪式”，人们为年满13岁的孩子举办宗教仪式和家宴，这标志着从此以后这个孩子要对自己的行为负责了。13岁也恰恰是许多国家规定开始承担法律责任的年龄。
美国中学生活结束前的毕业舞会是另一种截然不同的通过仪式。这次舞会非同寻常，学生们不仅穿着正式（许多学生平生第一次这么穿），他们通常还乘坐着一辆租来的豪华轿车到达舞会现场。就在那一天晚上，他们似乎要表现得和年龄是他们两倍的成年人一样，至少是看上去要比自己的实际年龄老。
世界上最有趣的通过仪式之
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
of passage is the walkabout of Australian 一或许就是澳洲原住民的“徒步aborigines, when adolescents would be
旅行”了，还处于青春期的少年required to spend about six months walking 必须在野外独自行走六个月，沿alone through the wilderness, following the 着划定国土疆域的“歌之版图”paths of their ancestors along the age-old 追寻祖先的足迹。通过这样的仪\式，他们深入到土著文化这一世so doing they penetrated the heart of 界上最古老而持久的文化的精髓aboriginal culture—the oldest continuous 之中，并在这一过程中发现自我。culture in the world—and, in the process, discovered themselves too.
Unit2-1
Superman
超 人
1 The year the war began I was in the 战争爆发的那一年，我在温斯fifth grade at the Annie F. Warren
罗普的安妮 ? F. 沃伦文法学校读五Grammar School in Winthrop, and that 年级，那年冬天我获得了民防图标was the winter I won the prize for drawing 设计赛的冠军。也就是在那个冬天，the best Civil Defense signs.That was also 波拉 ? 布朗买了新的防雪服，即便the winter of Paula Brown's new snowsuit, 是13年后的今天，我仍然能清晰地and even now, 13 years later, I can recall 记起那些精彩纷呈的日子，它们历the changing colors of those days, clear 历在目，犹如万花筒里看到的图案and definite as a pattern seen through a 那样色彩斑斓。 kaleidoscope.
2 I lived on the bay side of town, on 我的家位于城里靠海湾的一Johnson Avenue, opposite the Logan 侧，在洛根机场对面的约翰逊大道Airport, and before I went to bed each 上。每天晚上睡觉前，我都会跪在night, I used to kneel by the west window 卧室朝西的窗户旁，眺望黑幽幽的of my room and look over the lights of 海水那边波士顿城明亮闪烁的灯Boston that blazed and blinked far off 光。夕阳将粉色的余晖洒在机场上across the darkening water.The sunset 空，浪涛的声音永远淹没在一架架flaunted its pink flag above the airport, 飞机永无休止的嗡嗡声中。我惊奇and the sound of waves was lost in the 地望着跑道上的移动信标，看着那perpetualdroning of the planes.I marveled 些闪烁的红灯、绿灯像流星般升起、at the moving beacons on the runway and 降落，直到机场变得一片漆黑为止。watched, until it grew completely dark, the 机场就是我的麦加，我的耶路撒冷。flashing red and green lights that rose and 我整夜都在做梦，梦见自己在空中set in the sky like shooting stars.The 飞行。 airport was my Mecca, my Jerusalem.All night I dreamed of flying.
3 Those were the days of my
technicolor dreams.Mother believed that I 那正是我梦想斑斓的岁月。妈should have an enormous amount of
妈认为我需要大量的睡眠，所以我sleep, and so I was never really tired when 每天上床睡觉时一点儿都不觉得I went to bed.This was the best time of the
累。那是一天中最美好的时光，我
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
day, when I could lie in the vague twilight, 可以躺下，在昏暗的暮色中慢慢进
drifting off to sleep, making up dreams inside my head the way they should go.My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time.These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started
invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly.He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me.In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred
seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes. 4 I was not the only worshipper of Superman in our block. David Stirling, a pale, bookish boy who lived down the
street, shared my love for the sheer poetry of flight.Before supper every night, we listened to Superman together on the
radio, and during the day we made up our own adventures on the way to school. 5 The Annie F. Warren Grammar School was a red-brick building, set back from the main highway on a black tar street, surrounded by barren gravel
playgrounds.Out by the parking lot David and I found the perfect alcove for our Superman dramas.The dingy back
entrance to the school was deep-set in a long passageway which was an excellent place for surprise captures and sudden rescues.
6 During recess, David and I came into our own.We ignored the boys playing baseball on the gravel court and the girls giggling at dodge-ball in the dell.Our Superman games made us outlaws, yet gave us a sense of windysuperiority. We even found a stand-in for a villain in
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入梦乡，脑子里制造出许多奇异的梦来。我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从天空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起。当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞机的马达轰鸣声。
我不是这个街区里唯一的超人崇拜者，在街的另一头，那个脸色苍白、有点书呆子气的男孩儿戴维 ? 斯特令和我一样，热爱飞行的纯粹的诗意。每天晚饭前，我们一起收听电台的超人故事，白天在上学的路上，我们自己设计出各种各样的冒险活动。
安妮 ? F. 沃伦文法学校是一座红砖楼，座落在远离主干道的一条黑色柏油街道上，学校四周是光秃秃的铺着碎石的操场。戴维和我发现学校外面停车场附近有一个角落，那里是我们玩超人游戏的绝佳场所。那条长长的过道通向学校又黑又脏的后门，非常适合玩意外抓捕和快速解救的游戏。
课间休息时，我和戴维可以大展身手了。我们对在碎石操场上打棒球的男孩儿们视而不见，也不搭理那些在小山谷里一边玩躲球游戏一边咯咯傻笑的女孩儿们。超人游戏让我们变得像两个逃犯似的，但也给了我们一种虚幻的优越感，我
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
Sheldon Fein, the sallow mamma's boy on 们甚至找谢尔登 ? 费恩来充当恶our block who was left out of the boys' 棍。他是街区里一个脸色苍白、胆games because he cried whenever
小怕事的孩子，没有男孩儿愿意和anybody tagged him and always managed 他玩，因为一有人追他他就哭，而to fall down and skin his fat knees.
且老是自己摔倒在地，擦伤他那胖7 At first, we had to prompt Sheldon in 胖的膝盖。
his part, but after a while he became an 一开始我们还得教谢尔登怎么expert on inventing tortures and even 扮演他的角色，可没过多久他就变carried them out in private, beyond the 成了一位发明虐刑的专家，甚至私game.He used to pull the wings from flies 下里悄悄实施他的刑罚。他常常扯and the legs off grasshoppers, and keep 下苍蝇的翅膀，揪掉蚱蜢的腿，并the broken insects captive in a jar hidden 把这些残废了的昆虫囚禁在瓶子under his bed where he could take them 里，藏到床底下，这样他就可以偷out in secret and watch them
偷把它们拿出来，看着它们痛苦挣struggling.David and I never played with 扎的样子。戴维和我只在课间休息Sheldon except at recess. After school we 的时候和谢尔登玩，放学后我们就left him to his mamma and his bonbons 让他回家跟他的妈妈、棒棒糖以及and his helpless insects.
那些无助的昆虫为伴。
8 At the time my Uncle Frank was living 那时候，弗兰克舅舅住在我们with us while waiting to be drafted, and I 家，等着参军。我肯定他和隐姓埋was sure that he bore an extraordinary 名的超人长得特别像。戴维却看不resemblance to Superman incognito.David 出我舅舅和超人有多么相像，但他couldn't see the likeness as clearly as I did, 承认弗兰克舅舅是他这辈子所见过but he admitted that Uncle Frank was the 的最强壮的人，而且他会变很多戏strongest man he had ever known, and 法，比如用餐巾一盖上糖果，糖就could do lots of tricks like making
没了，他还能倒立行走。 caramels disappear under napkins and
walking on his hands.
Unit2-2
Cultural Childhoods 不同文化的童年
1 When I look back on my own childhood in 每当我回顾20世纪七八十the 1970sand 1980s and compare it with 年代我的童年时光，并将它与现children today, itreminds me of that famous 在孩子的童年相比较时，就会想sentence \起句名言：“往昔是异国他乡，do things differently there\
那里有着不同的习俗”（可参见Hartley's novel The Go-Between). Even in a L.P.哈特利的小说《传信人》） 。relatively short period of time, I can see the 甚至在相对短暂的一段时间内，enormous transformations that have taken 我也能够察觉到儿童的生活以place in children's lives and in the ways they 及人们对待儿童的方式上所经are thought about and treated.
历的巨大变化。
2 Looking further back I can see vast 回顾更久远的岁月，我可以differences betweencontemporary and
看到现在和古代童年生活的巨historical childhoods. Today, children have few
大差别。如今的儿童责任很少，
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
responsibilities, their lives are characterized by 他们生活的主要内容是玩耍而
play not work, school not paid labour, family rather than public life and consumption
instead of production. Yet this is all relatively recent. A hundred years ago, a 12 year old working in a factory would have been perfectly acceptable. Now, it would cause social
services' intervention and the prosecution of both parents and factory owner.
3 The differences between the expectations placed on children today and those placed on them in the past are neatlysummed up by two American writers, Barbara Ehrenreich
andDeirdre English. Comparing childhoods in America today withthose of the American
colonial period (1600–1776), they havewritten: \shoes isimpressive. In colonial times, four-year-old girls knitted stockingsand mittens and could produce
intricateembroidery: At age sixthey spun wool. A good, industrious little girl was called 'Mrsinstead of 'Miss' in appreciation of her contribution to the familyeconomy: She was not, strictly speaking, a child.\
4 These changing ideas about children have ledmany socialscientists to claim that
childhood is a\thisterm to meanthat understandings of childhood are not the sameeverywhere and that while all societies acknowledge
thatchildren are different from adults, how they are different and what expectations are placed on them, change according to the society in which they live.
5 Social anthropologistshave shown this in theirstudies of peoples with very different understandingsof the world to Western ones. Jean Briggs has workedwith the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic and has described how, within these communities, growing up is largelyseen as a process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding (known in Inuit as ihuma). Young childrendon't possess these qualities
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非工作，上学而非劳动，在家里呆着而不是和外界交往，消费而非生产。这种变化也是最近才显现出来的。一百年前，12 岁的孩子在工厂打工是完全可以接受的事情，而现在，这会招来社会服务机构的介入，其父母和工厂主会被起诉。
有两位美国作家，芭芭拉·埃伦里奇和迪尔德丽·英格利希，她们简要地概括了过去和现在人们对儿童的期待的差异。在比较美国现在的儿童和殖民地时期（1600–1776）的儿童时，她们写道：“今天，如果一个四岁的孩子能自己系鞋带就很了不起了。而在殖民地时期，四岁的女孩会织长筒袜和连指手套，能做复杂的刺绣，六岁就能纺毛线了。一个善良勤快的女孩被称为‘夫人’而不是‘小姐’，这是为了表彰她对家庭经济的贡献，严格说来她不是一个孩子了。
对儿童的看法不断变化着，这使得许多社会科学家宣称童年是一种“社会建构”。他们用这个术语来说明不同的地区对童年的理解是不一样的，虽然所有社会都承认儿童与成年人有区别，至于他们之间有何不同，人们对儿童又有何期待，不同的社会给出了不一样的答案。
社会人类学家在研究那些跟西方国家持有不同世界观的民族时也表明了这个观点。琼·布里格斯研究过加拿大北极地区的伊努伊特人，她描述了在这些社会群落中成长是怎样大体上被看成是一个获得思想、理性和理解力（伊努伊特人称之为 ihuma）的过程。小孩子不具备
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
and are easily angered, cry frequently and are 这些素质，所有才容易生气，常incapable of understanding the external 常会哭，无法理解群落所面临的difficulties facing the community, such as 诸如食物短缺之类的外在困难。shortages of food. Because they can't be
由于无法跟他们讲理，即便讲了reasoned with, and don't understand, parents 他们也不明白，父母对他们很宽treat them with a great deal of tolerance and 容、很温和。一直要等到他们年leniency. It's only when they are older and
龄大一点，并开始有自己的思想begin to acquire thought that parents attempt 时，父母才会尝试着去管教他to teach them or discipline them.
们，约束他们。
6 In contrast, childrenon the Pacific island of 相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研Tonga,studied by Helen Morton, are regularly 究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常beaten by theirparents and older siblings. 挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。人们认They are seen as beingcloser to mad people 为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，than adults because they lackthe highly prized 因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社quality of social competence (or potoas the 会能力（汤加人称之为 poto）。Tongans call it). They are regularly told off 小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨forbeing clumsy and a child who falls over may 骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵be laughedat, shouted at, or beaten. Children 斥，甚至被打。人们认为儿童很are thought of asmischievous; they cry or want 顽皮，都是因为淘气他们才哭to feed simply because they are naughty, and 闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，beatings are at their most severebetweenthe 三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此ages of three and five when children areseen 他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打as particularly wilful. Parents believe that 得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训socialcompetence can only be achieved 导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会through disciplineand physical punishment, 能力，所以他们用一种在外人看and treat their children in waysthat have 来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。
seemed very harsh to outsiders.
7 In other cases, ideas about children are 在其他的例子中，有关儿童radicallydifferent. For example, the Beng, a 的观念则截然不同。例如，西非small ethnic group inWest Africa, assume that 的一个叫孟加拉的很小的族群very young children know andunderstand 认为，不管说什么、用什么语言everything that is said to them, in
说，小孩子都能听明白，并且能whateverlanguage they are addressed. The 理解。另一位人类学家阿尔Beng, who've been extensively studied by 玛·戈特利布对孟加拉族进行了another anthropologist, AlmaGottlieb, believe 广泛的研究，孟加拉族人认为小in a spirit world where children livebefore they 孩子出生前居住在灵界，在那里are born and where they know all
他们通晓人类所有的语言，能理humanlanguages and understand all cultures. 解所有的文化。灵界的生活很惬Life in the spirit world is very pleasant and the 意，小孩子在那里有很多朋友，children have manyfriends there and are often 他们通常极不愿意离开那儿，来very reluctant to leave it for an earthly family 到地球上的家庭中（本·奥克雷(a fictional account of a spirit child's journey 的小说《饥饿之路》就描述了一between the spirit and the earthly world is 个小孩在灵界和人世之间往返given in Ben Okri's novel, The Famished Road).
的故事） 。他们出生后仍然与
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
When they are born, they remain in contact
那个世界保持长达数年的联系，
with this other world for several years, and 如果没有得到良好的照顾，他们may decide to return there if they are not 就可能要返回灵界。因此，父母properly looked after. So parents treat young 们悉心照料孩子，以免他们受到children with great care so that they're not 诱惑，回归灵界，而且对他们也tempted to return, and also with some 有几分敬畏，因为他们具备大人reverence, because they're in contact with the 所不具备的通灵的本领。 spirit world in a way that adults aren't. 8 There's a tendency to view children in the 在英国及其他西方国家，越UK, andin the Western world in general, as 来越多的人认为儿童缺乏能力，incompetent anddependent. But this isn't the 依赖性强。但也不是全世界的人case throughout the world. In many societies 都持这种看法。在很多社会里孩children work and contribute to thefamily in 子从小就开始工作，寻找各种机whatever way they can from a very early age. A 会为家里挣钱。以看管孩子为good example of this is childcare. In the UK, it 例，在英国，14岁以下的儿童is illegal for a child under the age of 14 to look 在没有成人监督的情况下照看after another childunsupervised, because 其他孩子是非法的，因为人们认they're deemed incompetent and 为他们缺少看孩子的能力和责irresponsible. In other cultures, this is not the 任心。而在其他文化里，情况并case. Michelle Johnson has written about the 非如此。米歇尔·约翰逊曾写过Fulani of West Africa describing how by the 西非的富拉尼族女孩四岁就得age of four, girls are expected to be able to 照看年幼的弟弟妹妹，要打水、care for their younger siblings, fetch water and 拾柴，六岁就得舂米、挤奶、做firewood and by the age of six will be 黄油，并和妈妈一起到市场上去pounding grain, producing milk and butter 贩卖这些东西。 and selling these alongside their mothers in the market. 9 Across the world, among the Yanamam? of 另一位人类学家拿破仑·沙theAmazonian rainforest, another 尼翁证实了在世界的另一端，地anthropologist, NapoleonChagnon, has shown 处亚马逊雨林的亚那马莫族孩how different these children's childhoods 子的童年与西方孩子的童年有are from Western ones, and also how 什么不同，以及那里的男孩儿女differently boys and girls grow up in 孩儿们跟世界其他地方的男孩comparison with other parts of the world. He 儿女孩儿的成长方式的差异。他has written how aYanamam? girl is expected 写道，亚那马莫族女孩儿很小就to help her mother from a young age and by 得帮妈妈做家务，到十岁就开始the age of ten will be running ahouse. By the 管家。到十二、三岁时可能就结age of 12 or 13 she is probably married and 婚生子了。男孩儿的责任则要少will have started to have babies. Boys on the 得多，他们比女孩儿晚结婚，可other hand, have far fewer responsibilities. 以玩到十八九岁。西方的童年观They don't marry until later than girls and are 在这里根本不适用，因为这里的allowed to play well into their teens. Western 人们对儿童的能力和责任有着notions of childhood simply do not \完全不同的理解。 these cases, where children's competence and
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
responsibilities are understood very differently.
10 Social anthropologists ask questions
社会人类学家探寻的是在about howchildhood, and the role of children, 他们所研究的族群里人们是如is seen within thecommunities they study,
何看待童年，以及儿童扮演的角rather than how it fits intoWestern ideas about 色问题，而不是研究那些地区的childhood. By doing this theyseek to avoid 童年观是否符合西方的观念。他imposing outside ideas onto people withvery 们这么做是为了避免把外界的different understandings of the world or of 观念强加给那些持不同世界观makingvalue judgments on other people's 的人身上，或者是为了避免对其ways of raising theirchildren. While Westerners 他民族养育孩子的方式作价值might take exception to eight-year-old girls 观方面的判断。西方人可能会反working or to 12-year-old girls
对八岁的女孩儿打工，反对12marrying,within their own communities such 岁的女孩结婚，但在他们自己的activities are seen as a normal and positive 族群里，这些事情被视为童年生part of childhood. Indeed, seenthrough the 活的一个积极的常态。的确，在eyes of non-Westerners, many
非西方人看来，许多“正常的”\西方育儿方式极其怪异，可能对as extremelybizarre and possibly harmful to 孩子是有害的。让孩子在自己的children. Placing childrenin rooms of their 屋里呆着，想吃东西的时候不给own, refusing to feed them on demand,or 他们吃，或者任由他们哭闹而不letting them cry rather than immediately 赶快去安抚他们，这些在很多社tending tothem, are viewed very negatively in 会里都是不对的事情，会让人觉many societies andlead some to think that 得西方人根本不懂得如何照看Westerners don't know how tolook after 孩子。
children properly.
11 Childhood is a changing social
童年是一种处于变化之中phenomenon, of continual fascination and 的社会现象，具有持续的吸引concern. Looking at it from a cross-cultural 力，并且不断受到关注。从跨文perspective shows the wide variety
化角度来看待这个问题能展示ofchildhoods that exist across the world and 出世界上各种各样的童年生活，warns againstinterfering in or criticizing
并警示我们不要随意干涉或指people whose lives, and understandings of the 责那些生活方式及世界观跟我world, are very different to ourown. All 们不一样的人。所有的社会都承societies recognize that children are
认儿童和成年人是不同的，他们differentto adults and have particular qualities 有自己独特的品性和需求；人类and needs; whatanthropologists and other 学家和社会科学家感兴趣的是social scientists are interestedin are the ideas 每个社会对儿童的天性都有什that each society has about the natureof 么样的看法，以及这些看法又如childhood and the impact these views have 何影响儿童的生活。 onchildren's lives.
Unit2-3
Childhood around the world
世界各地的童年
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
1 My Jewish grandmother used to live close
by. She was a marvelous cook and there would always be something happening in the kitchen. When a religious festival was approaching, she used to be busy all day preparing a sumptuous family dinner for the evening. As a child, I would often stay with my grandparents and so I was her helper. I used to feel really proud going to the larder to fetch the eggs, carrying them back carefully so as not to drop them. The larder smelled of everything all at once, flour, spices, honey, oil, wood. I would watch her every move and she would describe everything she was doing in detail so that I would learn.“Pass me that fella there”, she would said, pointing to a frying pan or an onion. Everything was important. Deborah, England
2 I spent my childhood with my
grandmother. I have a funny memory of her. She used to smoke cigarettes that she rolled herself in a piece of newspaper. When she was not home, I decided to try the same. I rolled a piece of newspaper without tobacco inside. Then I lit the roll and tried to smoke it. It burned quickly all the way to my nose. I was so
embarrassed. Even now, my family talks about that incident. Myeong Ok Lee, South Korea 3 When I was a child, I would play with stray cats and dogs in the neighbourhood.
4 I trained them. We played games which could be called “teachers and students”, “doctors and patients”, “sellers and
buyers”, “robbers and their leader”, and so on.
5 One day when I came home with “my friends” following me, my mother was
shocked. She shouted at me, and I promised that it would never happen again. However, she found me once again in my room with my dogs playing a game: “the chorus and the orchestra”. Olga, Russia
6 When I was a small boy, we didn't have any money to buy toys. But one day we got a big toy without paying any money at all. A Russian
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以前，我的犹太奶奶和我住得很近。 她做得一手好菜，厨房里从来没有消停的时候。 每逢宗教节日临近，她都要忙上一整天，为家人准备丰盛的晚宴。 小时候我一直和爷爷奶奶在一起，也就成了奶奶的帮厨。 那时我对自己能到储藏室把鸡蛋完好无损地取回来感到非常自豪。 储藏室里五味俱全，里面有面粉、香料、蜂蜜、食用油、柴禾。 我总在观察奶奶的动作，她会把手头的每一样活都细细地给我解释，教我怎么做。 她经常会说“把那东西递给我”，手指着一个炒菜锅或是一颗洋葱。 每件事都很重要。 黛博拉 英国
我的童年是跟奶奶过的，说起她就让我想起一段有趣的往事。 她经常用报纸卷烟抽。 有一天她不在家，我想学她的样，就用报纸卷了一个烟卷，但里面没放烟丝。 我点燃报纸卷，放到嘴里吸，报纸很快就烧到了我的鼻头上。 我觉得很丢脸，至今家里人还时常提起这件糗事。 李明宇 韩国
我小时候常和附近的流浪猫、流浪狗玩。
我训练它们，我们一起玩“老师和学生”、“医生和病人”、“售货员和顾客”、“抢劫犯和他们的头儿”等游戏。
一天，我回家时后面跟了一帮“朋友”，妈妈吓坏了。 她冲我直嚷嚷，我只好答应她以后再也不带它们回家了。 可是后来有一次，她又发现我在自己屋里和好几只狗一起玩“合唱队与乐团”的游戏。 奥尔加 俄罗斯
小时候，我们没钱买玩具。 有一天，我们没花一分钱就得到了一个大玩具。 一架俄罗斯飞机
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
plane, low on fuel, made an emergency landing 因为燃油耗尽迫降在操场的沙地in the sand on our playground. It was such 上，这对我们这个只有几百号人exciting news for a small, sleepy village with a 的寂静的小村庄来说可是个激动population of several hundred people. As no 人心的消息。 因为以前没见过飞one had ever seen a plane before, the entire 机，全村的人都到操场围观。 我population of the village came to see the plane 父亲和镇公所的几个官员逮捕了in our playground. My father and other town 飞行员，那架飞机则永远地留在officials arrested the pilot, but his plane stayed 了沙地里，成了我们最喜爱的玩in that sand forever. It became our favourite 具。 我们常坐在驾驶座上，好像toy. We would sit in the pilot's seat, and
自己与那位糟糕的俄罗斯飞行员pretend that, unlike the Russian pilot, we were 不同，是世界上最棒的飞行员。 the best pilots in the world. Yildiz, Turkey 意德兹 土耳其
Unit10-1
Urban myths or Urban legends?
都市神话还是都市传奇？
1 London has the most extensive 伦敦有着世界上最为庞大的地network of underground tunnels in the 下隧道网络。但是对某些伦敦居民world.But for some inhabitants, the
来说，隧道不仅仅给他们的生活提tunnels are more than just convenient—供了便利——他们还以此为家。伦they live in them.The London
敦地下人是生活在街道下面的一Subterraneans are a race of people who 族。他们属于人类，却不会说英语，live beneath the streets.They're human, 他们有自己的风俗习惯。他们中的but they don't speak English, and they 个别人偶尔也会到地面上来。他们have their own customs.Occasionally, a 只有在晚上才会从一条黑魆魆的偏few of them come to the surface.They only 僻街道的下水道里钻出来，到地面appear at night through the drains in a 上活动，而且一听到脚步声，他们dark backstreet, and if they hear footsteps, 就会躲到黑暗的小巷子里藏身，直they hide in a dark alleyway and only
到没有了动静才出来。日出之前，come out when it's quiet again.And before 他们又会回到地下。没有几个伦敦sunrise, they go back under ground.Very 人真正见过他们，但是某人的朋友few Londoners have seen them, but the 的朋友曾经见过他们好几次。 friend of a friend has seen them several times.
2 True story? Probably not.It's a classic 这是真事吗？很可能不是。这example of what's called in many
是在很多语言中被称为都市神话的languages an urban myth.An urban myth 一个典型例子。都市神话是你通过is a story you hear by word of mouth. It 口口相传听来的故事，讲述的是一usually describes something which might 些可能发生过的事情，一个杜撰的，have happened, an apocryphal,
从别处听来的故事，却被当作真事second-hand story told as if it were true, 来讲，听起来像真的似的。不论是just about plausible enough to be 真是假，都市神话依赖的是讲故事credible, about some event which has 的技巧以及来源的可靠性，比如“这supposedly happened to a real
件事发生在我弟弟的朋友的母亲的person.Factual or not, it's likely to rely on
身上。”
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
expert storytelling and on a trustworthy
source, such as \brother's friend's mother\
3 However, some academics claim that urban myths are not really
myths.According to them, a myth is a story which held some religious or spiritual significance for those who told it or listened in the past to it, and which
contributed to the expression of shared beliefs and values.However improbable a myth might be, it's always true for those who belong to that culture from which the myth comes.
4 So should we use the term urban myths? Let's look at one of the most durable of urban myths, The Vanishing Hitchhiker.The basic story is that of a driver alone at night on a dark, country road, who sees a young woman
hitchhiking.The driver stops and offers her a lift.Soon the driver drops the hitchhiker off at her destination, and they say goodbye.But it's only when the driver stops later that he realizes the young woman has left behind a coat with her wallet, or sometimes an old envelope in the pocket.He then goes to the address to return the coat.An old woman opens the door of the house, and the driver explains what has happened.It turns out that the coat does belong to the old woman's daughter, but she was killed several years before on the same stretch of road where the driver picked her up.That day was the anniversary of the accident.
5 In fact, like many myths, this story can be traced back to some time before the cars and roads of the 20th or 21st centuries, and to other countries or
regions such as Sweden or East Africa.It also has other features common to the myth in its traditional sense.As we have already seen, it's a story for those people
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但是，有一些学者认为都市神话并非真正的神话。在他们看来，神话故事对于讲故事和过去听故事的人来说都有某种宗教或精神层面的意义，而且神话帮助人们表达共同的信仰和价值观。不管一个神话看上去是多么匪夷所思，对于那些从属于这些文化的人来说，它们永远是真实可信的。
那么我们该不该用“都市神话”这个术语呢？让我们来看一下经久不衰的都市神话之一：“消失的搭车客”。故事的大概是：一个司机独自开车行驶在漆黑的乡村公路上，他看到一位年轻女子在路边要搭车。司机停下来，让她上了车。很快司机就把她送到了目的地，他们相互道别。可直到后来停车时司机才发现，这个年轻女子落了一件外套在车上，兜里还装着一个钱包，有的故事是兜里装着个旧信封。于是他按照钱包里或信封上的地址把外套送回去。一位老妇人开了门，司机向她讲述了事情的经过。原来，这件外套是老妇人女儿的，而她的女儿已经在几年前的车祸中去世了，车祸的地点正是司机让她上车的那个地方。那一天也正是车祸的周年纪念日。
事实上，和许多别的神话一样，这个故事可以追溯到20世纪或是21世纪的汽车和公路出现之前的其他国家和地区，比如瑞典和东非。这个故事还具有传统神话所共有的其他一些特征。正如我们所看到的，这个故事是讲给那些愿意相信它并持有相同的文化价值观的人听的。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
who want to believe in it, and who share 多年以来，这个故事被人们讲了又the same cultural values.It has been told 讲，在不同的地方还被添加了专属and retold many times over the years, 于各地文化的一些元素。最后，这gathering embellishments which are 个故事变得好玩、刺激，引人入胜。 specific to the culture in which it's set.Finally, it's enjoyable, exciting and
captivating to the listeners.
另外一个很出名的都市神话是6 Another well-known urban myth is 关于佛罗里达小短吻鳄鱼的故事，about the baby alligators which parents 大人们去佛罗里达度假，回纽约的on their return from Florida bring home to 时候会给孩子们带几条小鳄鱼。后their children in New York.As the alligators 来短吻鳄越长越大，不像小时候那grow in size, they are no longer cute and 么可爱了。大人们只好把它们扔进the parents have to dispose of them down 抽水马桶里冲掉。但是其中一些短the toilet.But some of them survive, and as 吻鳄活了下来，所以现在有一些成a result there are full-grown alligators 年短吻鳄在纽约曼哈顿街区下面游living under the streets of Manhattan. 荡。
7 This is also a myth in that it describes 这也是一个神话，因为它描绘something of the geography of a city or a 了一个城市或地区的地理状况，提region, warning of possible dangers.In 醒人们注意某些潜在的危险。在希Greek mythology, Odysseus sails between 腊神话中，奥德修斯在意大利大陆Scylla and Charybdis, the narrow and 和西西里岛之间狭窄而危险的海峡dangerous channel between mainland 里航行，前有女海妖斯库拉，后有Italy and the island of Sicily.In the same 海妖卡律布狄斯。短吻鳄的故事也way, the story of the alligators warns New 同样是要提醒纽约人，坐地铁的时Yorkers of the dangers which they may 候要注意安全。 face when they use the subway.
8 Urban myths can also be a morality or 都市神话也可以是道德故事或\是“警示”故事。这其中最有名的the story of the man sitting in a hotel bar. 是，一个男子坐在旅馆的酒吧间喝Another person offers to buy him a
酒，有一个人请他喝了一杯。等他drink.The next thing the man knows is that 醒来的时候，发现自己躺在房间的he's sitting in his hotel bath, with his body 浴缸里，身子被埋在冰块下面。墙submerged in ice.On the wall is a note 上贴了一张纸条告诉他不要乱动，telling him not to move, but to call
立刻打911。接线员遇到过很多这911.The operator, who is familiar with the 样的情况，让他去摸一下后背下部，situation, tells him to move very slowly, 动作一定要缓慢。如果脊部插着一and to feel his lower back.If there's a tube 根管子，那就说明他的肾被人摘走protruding from it, it means that the man's 了，卖掉供人移植了。这个故事的kidney has been removed and sold to be 寓意是：如果有人请你喝酒，你一transplanted.The moral of the story is: Be 定要提高警惕。 careful of anyone who offers to buy you a drink!
9 Similarly, traditional myths show 同样，传统神话也告诉人们在people how to behave appropriately in
各自的社会中应该如何恰当地为人
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
their societies.Gods act in such a way as to 处事。在神话中，神之所以如此行
set the people a good example.Human beings behave nobly and
courageously.Sometimes a human hero may be based on a real person, but may become a god because of his noble actions.
10 In recent years, we have seen the rise of the urban myths which are not
circulated orally, but by email, in the form of messages, usually about a virus which can wipe out your hard drive.It's usually recognizable by the warnings of
direconsequences if you don't pass on the message to others, and by the use of
CAPITAL LETTERS and exclamationmarks!!! There are also web rumours which are based on the merest minor fact or
speculation, and which passed around the Web, gathering further fictitious evidence to support them.
11 But is this a myth? No, not in the traditional sense.In fact, a more accurate word for it would be a hoax, something which appears true but turns out to be false and deliberatelymisleading.True myths are always benign in their intentions.
12 Urban myths have the characteristics common to all myths: They often record events, people believe in them, they have been passed on by word of mouth and exaggerated, they often contain a moral or warn of possible dangers in particular situations or contexts, and they advise people what to do or how to behave.In their way, for listeners in the 21st century, they are just as real as the myths of the Greeks, Romans, Celts, Vikings,
Mesopotamians and Chinese from years gone by.
13 But the one difference is that true myths always feature gods or heroic
near-gods, or stories about the creation of
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事，是要为人类树立一个好榜样。神话中人的行为高尚且勇敢。有时候神话中的人类英雄在历史上可能确有其人，可能正因为他们的高尚行为而变成了神。
近年来， 越来越多的都市神话不是通过口口相传，而是通过电子邮件的形式广为流传的，这些邮件通常是告诉大家要小心某一种病毒，它会删除你硬盘里的文件。通常只要看到那种“如果不把这封信转发给别人，就会有灾难性的后果”的警告，而且用了很多大写字母和惊叹号，你就知道这是一个都市神话。还有很多网络传言，它们对一些微不足道的小细节添油加醋，或者是捕风捉影，在流传过程中加入了越来越多的虚假证据，以证明它们的真实性。
但这是神话吗？不是，不是传统意义上的神话。事实上，有一个更为准确的词“骗局”，就是一些看上去是真的，而最终发现是假的，并且是用来故意误导人的东西。真正的神话其动机总是善意的。
都市神话具有所有神话所共有的一些特征：它们通常记录了一些事件，人们相信它们的真实性，它们以口头形式代代相传，并且被逐渐夸大，它们通常包含一个道德寓意，或是警示某种特定情形或情况下可能存在的危险，它们告诉人们应该做什么、怎么做。从形式上看，对于21世纪的听众来说，它们和希腊、罗马、凯尔特、维京、美索不达米亚以及中国的神话一样真实可信。
但不同的是，真正的神话里总是有神或者接近神的英雄人物，有的神话讲述了创造世界和世界上的一些自然现象，如雷电、圣山之类
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
the world and its natural phenomena, such 的。
as lightning or sacred mountains.
与之相反，都市神话更为世俗14 In contrast, urban myths are more 化。伦敦的地下人和神灵没有半点mundane.The London Subterraneans are 关系，那个搭车客和司机也不是什far from god-like, neither the hitchhiker 么英雄，纽约的短吻鳄不代表什么nor the driver is heroic, the New York 自然现象，那个倒霉的商人的故事alligators don't symbolize natural
虽然是警示性的，但也绝对说不上phenomena, and while the story of the 是为英雄行为树立了榜样。 hapless businessman may be a cautionary tale, it hardly acts as a model for heroic
behaviour.
总之，都市神话根本就不是神15 So in conclusion, the urban myth is 话，它是一种传奇，讲述一些新近not a myth at all, but a legend, which is a 发生的事情，故事是依据历史事件story about the more recent past, and is 和人类英雄，或者仙女、女巫及其based on historical events and human 他的虚构人物来编排的。都市神话heroes, or fairies, witches or other 中的神话这个词我们只能从它的次fictitious characters.The urban myth is 要意项去理解：一些并非真实的东only a myth in the secondary sense of the 西。 word: something which turns out to be
untrue.
Unit10-2
Echo and Narcissus
厄科和那喀索斯
1 Echo was a beautiful nymph, fond of 厄科是一位美丽的仙女，她喜the woods and hills, where she devoted 欢流连于森林和山峦之中，在那儿herself to woodland sports.She was a
尽情地游戏。她最得狄安娜的宠爱，favourite of Diana, and attended her in the 在追猎时一直侍奉其左右。但是厄chase.But Echo had one failing: She was 科有一个缺点，她喜欢说个不停，fond of talking, and whether in chat or 不管是闲聊还是争论，她总要说最argument, would have the last word.One 后一个字（得由她说了算）才肯罢day Juno was seeking her husband, who, 休。有一天，朱诺正四处寻找她的she had reason to fear, was amusing 丈夫，怕他又在仙女中寻花问柳，himself among the nymphs.Echo by her 她的担忧并非没有道理。厄科上去talk contrived to detain the goddess till 和朱诺搭话，设法拖住这位女神，the nymphs made their escape.When Juno 让仙女们得以脱身。后来朱诺得知discovered it, she passed sentence upon 了事情的真相，她对厄科施加了惩Echo in these words: \forfeit the 罚，她说：“你用你的舌头欺骗了use of that tongue with which you have 我，以后你再也不能用它说话了，cheated me, except for that one purpose 除了一种情况——回答——这也是you are so fond of—reply.You shall still 你最喜欢的。你可以说出最后一个have the last word, but no power to speak 字，但是你永远没有办法先开口。” first.\
这位仙子看见了那喀索斯，一2 This nymph saw Narcissus, a beautiful 位英俊的青年，当时他正在山上打youth, as he pursued the chase upon the
猎。厄科深深地爱上了他，并一直
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
mountains.She loved him and followed his 跟着他。哦，她多么渴望用最温柔
footsteps.Oh, how she longed to address him in the softest accents, and win him to converse! But it was not in her power.She waited with impatience for him to speak first, and had her answer ready.One day the youth, being separated from his companions, shouted aloud, \here?\looked around, but seeing no one, called out, \no one came, Narcissus called again, \do you shun me?\question.\the youth.The maid answered with all her heart in the same words, and hastened to the spot, ready to throw her arms about his neck.He started back, exclaiming, \should have me!\it was all in vain.He left her, and she went to hide her blushes in the recesses of the woods.From that time forth she lived in caves and among mountain cliffs.Her form faded with grief, till at last all her flesh shrank away.Her bones were changed into rocks, and there was nothing left of her but her voice.With that she is still ready to reply to anyone who calls her, and keeps up her old habit of having the last word. 3 Narcissus' cruelty in this case was not the only instance.He shunned all the rest of the nymphs, as he had done poor Echo.One day a maiden, who had in vain endeavoured to attract him, uttered a prayer that he might sometime or other feel what it was to love and meet no return of affection.The avenging goddess heard and granted the prayer.
4 There was a clear fountain, with water like silver, to which the shepherds never drove their flocks, nor the mountain goats resorted, nor any of the beasts of the forest; neither was it defaced with fallen
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的话语对他倾诉衷肠，让他和自己交谈。但是她没有这个能力。她急不可耐地等着他先开口，并且想好了该如何回答。有一天，这位青年和他的伙伴们走散了，他高声呼喊：“是谁在这里？”“这里，”厄科回答说。那喀索斯环顾四周，没见到半个人影。于是又喊道：“出来吧。”厄科回答：“出来吧。”看没人出来，那喀索斯又大声喊：“你为什么躲着我？”厄科也问了同样的问题。“让我们见个面吧，”青年说。厄科全心全意地用相同的话回答，然后飞速奔向那喀索斯，准备紧紧地搂住他的脖子。他惊得连忙后退，大叫：“放手！我宁死也不想让你抱我。”“抱我，”她说，但是没有用。那喀索斯走了，而厄科羞愧难当，跑进树林深处躲了起来。从那时起，她就生活在洞穴里和山崖间。因为悲伤她日渐消瘦，到最后所有的血肉都萎缩了。她的骨头变成了岩石，整个人只剩下了声音。任何人叫她，她都回答，而且就和以前一样，只说最后那句话。
那喀索斯不是只对厄科一个人无情。他像躲着厄科一样，对所有的仙女避之不及。有一天，一位少女竭力想吸引他，但没有成功，一气之下，她祈祷说：总有一天那喀索斯会尝到付出了爱却得不到回应的滋味。复仇女神听到了这个祷告，应允了她的祈求。
林中有一口清泉，泉水清亮如银，牧羊人从来不把羊群赶到这里，山羊从不在此驻足，林中的百兽也不在这儿逗留，泉水上没有落叶残枝，但水边芳草萋萋，还有岩石替它遮蔽烈日。有一天，那喀索斯打
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
leaves or branches; but the grass grew 猎之后筋疲力尽，汗流浃背，口干fresh around it, and the rocks sheltered it 舌燥，于是他来到泉边。正当他俯from the sun.Hither came one day the 身饮泉水时，他看见了水中自己的youth fatigued with hunting, heated and 倒影，却以为那是一个住在水中的thirsty.He stooped down to drink, and saw 美丽水精灵。他满怀爱意地注视着his own image in the water; he thought it 水中那双明亮的眼眸，那像巴克斯was some beautiful water-spirit living in 和阿波罗一样卷曲的秀发，圆润的the fountain.He stood gazing with 面颊，象牙般的雪白脖颈，微启的admiration at those bright eyes, these 双唇，还有全身散发出的健康与活locks curled like the locks of Bacchus or 力。他爱上了自己，俯身去吻水中Apollo, the rounded cheeks, the ivory 的影子；他把双手伸入水中去拥抱neck, the parted lips and the glow of
这个心爱之物。那影子一碰就立刻health and exercise over all.He fell in love 消失得无影无踪，但过一会又出现with himself. He brought his lips near to 了，再一次让他心驰神迷。他不舍take a kiss; he plunged his arms in to 得离开，茶饭不思，徘徊在泉边凝embrace the beloved object.It fled at the 视着自己的倒影。他对着那所谓的touch, but returned again after a moment 水精灵说：“为什么，美丽的精灵，and renewed the fascination.He could not 你要避开我？你不会讨厌我的容tear himself away; he lost all thought of 貌，仙女们都喜欢我，而你注视我food or rest, while he hovered over the 的眼神也并非冷漠无情。我伸出双brink of the fountain gazing upon his own 臂，你也伸出双臂；我向你微笑招image.He talked with the supposed spirit: 手，你也向我微笑招手。”他的泪\水落入泉水中，打散了水中的影子。Surely, my face is not one to repel you. The 看到水精灵离他而去，他呼喊道：nymphs love me, and you yourself look “留下来吧！我求你了，如果我不not indifferent upon me.When I stretch 能触摸你的话，至少让我注视着forth my arms you do the same; and you 你。”他还说了好多类似的甜言蜜smile upon me and answer my beckonings 语，如痴如醉，情深意浓。渐渐地，with the like.\他那曾经让厄科心醉神迷的气色、and disturbed the image.As he saw it
活力以及美貌都逝去了。厄科一直depart, he exclaimed, \entreat you! 陪伴在他的身边，当他呼喊：“天Let me at least gaze upon you, if I may not 哪！天哪！”的时候，她也以同样touch you.\的话语回应。他日渐憔悴，最终死the same kind, he cherished the flame that 去了；当他的幽灵经过冥河时，他consumed him, so that by degrees he lost 斜倚着探出身子，要再看一眼水中his colour, his vigour, and the beauty 自己的影子。仙女们为他伤心垂泪，which formerly had so charmed the
尤其是水中的那些仙女；她们捶胸，nymph Echo.She kept near him, however, 厄科也捶胸。她们为他准备了火葬and when he exclaimed, \Alas! Alas!\的柴堆，准备火化他的遗体，但是answered him with the same words.He 哪里也找不着他的尸体；在他的遗pined away and died; and when his shade 体躺过的地方，仙女找到了一枝花，passed the Stygian River, it leaned over 紫色的花朵外面裹着白色的叶子。the boat to catch a look of itself in the 这种花就叫那喀索斯，它让人们永waters.The nymphs mourned for him,
远记住了那喀索斯。
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
especially the water-nymphs; and when
they smote their breasts, Echo smote hers also.They prepared a funeral pile, and would have burned the body, but it was nowhere to be found; but in its place a flower, purple within, and surrounded with white leaves, which bears the name and preserves the memory of Narcissus.
Unit10-3
Crow brings the daylight: a story
from the far north
1 Long ago, before the dawn of history, the Inuit lived far away from the rest of humanity in the darkness of the
north.They had never seen the light of day.But one day Crow arrived.He had travelled from the south and brought news of the daylight.
2 At first people did not believe him.But they were fascinated by his stories of the light, and they began to think about how life would be different if they had
light.They would be able to hunt better, and to see the polar bear before it
attacked.So they asked Crow to return to the south and bring light back to them. 3 Crow complained that he was too old and tired.But in the end he agreed, and began the long flight south.After many miles he saw a pale line on the
horizon.Suddenly the whole world burst into light, and Crow came to rest on a tree.Below him there was a snow-covered village.He saw a young girl carrying a box which glowed at the edges. From inside the box she took out a ball of light which was tied to a string, and held it out for her brother to play with.Crow decided to
act.He swooped down low, took the string in his beak, and soared back up into the sky, the ball of light trailing behind him as he flapped his wings northwards.
4 From their icy homeland the Inuit saw
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乌鸦带来日光：来自遥远北方的
传说
在很久以前的史前时代，伊努伊特人生活在黑暗笼罩的北方，远离其他人类。他们从来没有见过白昼的亮光。但是有一天，乌鸦飞到了他们居住的地方。它从南方飞来，告诉他们那儿有日光。
一开始人们并不相信它的话。但是人们都被它所讲述的光的故事迷住了。他们开始想，如果有光的话，那生活就大不一样了。他们可以打到更多的猎物，在北极熊发动袭击之前就看见它们。所以他们请乌鸦飞到南方，把光带回来给他们。 一开始，乌鸦悲叹说自己年事已高，飞不动了。但最后它还是答应了这个请求，踏上南飞的漫漫旅途。飞了很长一段路后，乌鸦看到地平线上有一丝苍白的亮光。飞着飞着，突然整个世界一片光明，乌鸦落到一棵树上休息。它的身下是一个冰雪覆盖的村庄。它看到一个年轻女子，拎着一个四周发光的盒子，那个女子从盒子里拿出一个光球，光球拴在一根线上，她拿着光球让她弟弟玩。乌鸦决定采取行动。它猛扑下去，一口叼住那根线，接着又飞向高空。它拍着翅膀向北飞去，那个光球一直拖在它的身后。
在他们的冰雪家园里，伊努伊
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
a tiny spark of light approaching.Gradually 特人看到一丝微弱的亮光正逐渐靠it grew bigger and bigger, and they saw 近。慢慢地，它变得越来越大，他Crow pulling it behind him.Crow dropped 们看到乌鸦在前面拖着它。乌鸦把the ball, and it shattered on the ground, 光球扔了下来，它落到地上就碎了，releasing a flood of light which lit up the 发出万丈光芒，光点亮了黑暗，驱dark places and chased away the shadows, 走了阴暗，所有的人都高兴得说不causing everyone to gasp with delight.The 出话来。山峦披上了美丽的色彩，mountains took on colour, and the ice and 冰雪开始闪闪发亮。 snow sparkled.
5 The people were overjoyed and 人们喜出望外，感谢乌鸦为他thanked Crow for what he had done.But 们所做的一切。但是乌鸦告诉他们，Crow told them that the light would not 这光亮不会永远都留在这儿，六个last forever. After six months it would 月之后它会消失，再过六个月又会disappear, but it would come back again 回来。可伊努伊特人并不在意，他after another six months.The Inuit,
们说：“我们一辈子都生活在黑暗however, didn't mind. \中，现在我们一年中有一半的时间lives in darkness?\能看到光明。半年的光明总比一年have half a year of light.Half a year of light 的黑暗要好。”所以直到今日，他is better than a year of darkness.\们一直对乌鸦非常友好。 this day they are always kind to Crow.
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