µÚʮջ¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§ ÏÂÔر¾ÎÄ

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

Ò»¡¢±¾ÕÂС½á

¢± ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ

??AA??BB??????????YY??ZZ

?1??dc?ºãÈÝ£º ·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£º?????B?

??B??dt??dcAµÄÏûºÄËÙÂÊ£º?A???A?dt?dc?ZµÄÉú³ÉËÙÂÊ£º?z??z?

?dt??? ?¢² ·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊýÓë·´Ó¦¼¶Êý

¢Å·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊý£ºÔÚ»ùÔª·´Ó¦ÖУ¬¸÷·´Ó¦Îï·Ö×Ó¸öÊýÖ®ºÍ³ÆΪ·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊý¡£·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊýÖ»¿ÉÄÜÊǼòµ¥µÄÕýÕûÊý1£¬2»ò3¡£

¢Æ·´Ó¦¼¶Êý£ºËÙÂÊ·½³ÌÖи÷·´Ó¦ÎïŨ¶ÈÏîÉϵÄÖ¸Êý³ÆΪ¸Ã·´Ó¦ÎïµÄ¼¶Êý£»ËùÓÐŨ¶ÈÏîÖ¸ÊýµÄ´úÊýºÍ³ÆΪ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ×ܼ¶Êý£¬Í¨³£ÓÃn±íʾ¡£·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýµÄ´óС±íÃ÷Ũ¶È¶Ô·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÓ°ÏìµÄ³Ì¶È£¬¼¶ÊýÔ½´ó£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÊÜŨ¶ÈÓ°ÏìÔ½´ó¡£·´Ó¦¼¶Êý¿ÉÒÔÊÇÕýÊý¡¢¸ºÊý¡¢ÕûÊý¡¢·ÖÊý»òÁ㣬Óеķ´Ó¦ÎÞ·¨Óüòµ¥µÄÊý×ÖÀ´±íʾ¼¶Êý¡£·´Ó¦¼¶Êý¿ÉÓÉʵÑé²â¶¨µÃµ½¡£ ¢³ »ùÔª·´Ó¦ÓëÖÊÁ¿×÷Óö¨ÂÉ

»ùÔª·´Ó¦ÊÇÖ¸ÓÉ·´Ó¦Îï΢Á££¨·Ö×Ó¡¢Ô­×Ó¡¢Àë×Ó¡¢×ÔÓÉ»ùµÈ£©Ò»²½Ö±½Óת»¯Îª²úÎïµÄ·´Ó¦¡£Èô·´Ó¦ÊÇÓÉÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵĻùÔª·´Ó¦Ëù×é³É£¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦³ÆΪ·Ç»ùÔª·´Ó¦¡£

¶ÔÓÚ»ùÔª·´Ó¦£¬Æä·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÓë¸÷·´Ó¦ÎïŨ¶ÈµÄÃݳ˻ý³ÉÕý±È£¬¶ø¸÷Ũ¶ÈµÄ·½´ÎÔòΪ·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽÖи÷·´Ó¦ÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿Êý£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇÖÊÁ¿×÷Óö¨ÂÉ¡£ ÀýÈ磬ÓлùÔª·´Ó¦£º A + 2B ? C + D ÔòÆäËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ£º ?dcA2 ?kAcAcBdt×¢Ò⣺·Ç»ùÔª·´Ó¦¾ö²»ÄÜÓÃÖÊÁ¿×÷Óö¨ÂÉ£¬ËùÒÔδָÃ÷ij·´Ó¦Îª»ùÔª·´Ó¦Ê±£¬²»ÒªËæÒâʹÓÃÖÊÁ¿×÷Óö¨ÂÉ¡£

¢´ ¾ßÓмòµ¥¼¶Êý·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʹ«Ê½¼°Ìص㠼¶Êý 0

304

ËÙÂÊ·½³Ì ΢·Öʽ »ý·Öʽ cA,0?cA?kt ÌØÕ÷ t1/2 Ö±Ïß¹Øϵ cA~t kµÄµ¥Î» Ũ¶È?ʱ¼ä?1 ?dcA0?k?cA? dtcA,02kµÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

ÐøÉÏ±í ¼¶Êý 1 2 ΢·Öʽ ËÙÂÊ·½³Ì »ý·Öʽ lncA,0cA?kt ÌØÕ÷ t1/2 Ö±Ïß¹Øϵ lncA~t 1~t cA1cn?1AkµÄµ¥Î» ʱ¼ä?1 ?dcA?kcA dtln2 k1 kcA,0dc2?A?k?cA? dt11??kt cAcA,0Ũ¶È?1?ʱ¼ä?1 n 1?11?dcAn??kt?cn?1cn?1????k?cA? n?1?A,0??Adt 2n?1?1n?1?n?1?kcA,0 ~t Ũ¶È1?n?ʱ¼ä?1 ¢µ ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÓëζȵĹØϵ¡ª¡ª°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹·½³Ì

?E¢Å Ö¸Êýʽ£ºk?Aexp??a?RT??£¬ÃèÊöÁËËÙÂʳ£ÊýËæζȶø±ä»¯µÄÖ¸Êý¹Øϵ¡£AΪָǰ?Òò×Ó£¬µ¥Î»ÓëkÏàͬ¡£Ea³ÆΪ°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹»î»¯ÄÜ£¬°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹ÈÏΪAºÍEa¶¼ÊÇÓëζÈÎ޹صij£Êý¡£

¢Æ ¶ÔÊýʽ£ºlnk??Ea?lnA£¬ÃèÊöÁËËÙÂʳ£ÊýÓë1/T Ö®¼äµÄÏßÐÔ¹Øϵ¡£¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý²»RTͬζÈϲⶨµÄkÖµ£¬ÒÔlnk ¶Ô1/T×÷ͼ£¬´Ó¶øÇó³ö»î»¯ÄÜEa¡£

¢Ç ΢·Öʽ£º

Edlnk?a2£¬Ö¸³öÁËlnkÖµËæTµÄ±ä»¯ÂÊÓëEa³ÉÕý±È¡£ dTRTEk2??ak1R?11????£¬Éè»î»¯ÄÜÓëζÈÎ޹أ¬¸ù¾ÝÁ½¸ö²»Í¬Î¶ÈϵÄk?T2T1?¢È »ý·Öʽ£ºlnÖµ¿ÉÒÔÇó»î»¯ÄÜ¡£

¹«Ê½ÊÊÓÃÌõ¼þ£ºÖ»ÊÊÓÃÓÚ»ùÔª·´Ó¦»ò¾ßÓÐÃ÷È·¼¶Êý¶øÇÒkËæζÈÉý¸ß¶øÔö´óµÄ·Ç»ùÔª·´Ó¦¡£ ¢¶ µäÐ͵ĸ´ºÏ·´Ó¦

¸´ºÏ·´Ó¦£ºÓÉÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵĻùÔª·´Ó¦×éºÏÆðÀ´µÄµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦¡£ ¢Å ¶ÔÐз´Ó¦

¢Ù ¶¨Ò壺Õý¡¢ÄæÁ½¸ö·½Ïòͬʱ½øÐеķ´Ó¦³ÆΪ¶ÔÐз´Ó¦¡¢¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦£¬Ë׳ƿÉÄæ·´Ó¦¡£ ¢Ú Ìص㣺

a. ¾»ËÙÂʵÈÓÚÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®²îÖµ£» b. ´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£¬·´Ó¦¾»ËÙÂʵÈÓÚÁ㣻 c. Õý¡¢ÄæËÙÂʳ£ÊýÖ®±ÈµÈÓÚƽºâ³£ÊýKc?k1£» k?1d. ÔÚÒ»¼¶¶ÔÐз´Ó¦c¡«tͼÉÏ£¬¾­¹ý×ã¹»³¤µÄʱ¼ä£¬·´Ó¦ÎïŨ¶È½µµÍ£¬µ«²»¿ÉÄܽµµ½0£¬²úÎïŨ¶ÈÔö¼Ó£¬µ«²»¿ÉÄÜ´ïµ½»ò³¬¹ý·´Ó¦ÎïµÄÆðʼŨ¶È¡£

¢Æ ƽÐз´Ó¦

305

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

¢Ù ¶¨Ò壺·´Ó¦Îïͬʱ½øÐÐÈô¸É¸ö²»Í¬µÄ·´Ó¦³ÆΪƽÐз´Ó¦¡£ ¢Ú Ìص㣺a. ƽÐз´Ó¦µÄ×ÜËÙÂʵÈÓÚ¸÷ƽÐз´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®ºÍ£»

b. ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌµÄ΢·ÖʽºÍ»ý·ÖʽÓëͬ¼¶µÄ¼òµ¥·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌÏàËÆ£¬Ö»ÊÇËÙÂʳ£ÊýΪ¸÷¸ö·´Ó¦ËÙÂʳ£ÊýµÄºÍ£»

c. ¼¶ÊýÏàͬµÄƽÐз´Ó¦£¬²úÎïµÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪÁãʱ£¬ÔÚÈÎһ˲¼ä£¬¸÷²úÎïŨ¶ÈÖ®±ÈµÈÓÚËÙÂʳ£ÊýÖ®±È£¬

k1cB?¡£Èô¸÷ƽÐз´Ó¦µÄ¼¶Êý²»Í¬£¬ÔòÎÞ´ËÌص㣻 k2cC¢Ç Á¬´®·´Ó¦

¢Ù ¶¨Ò壺·²ÊÇ·´Ó¦Ëù²úÉúµÄÎïÖÊÄÜÔÙÆð·´Ó¦¶ø²úÉúÆäËüÎïÖʵķ´Ó¦£¬³ÆΪÁ¬´®·´Ó¦£¬»ò³ÆÁ¬Ðø·´Ó¦¡£

¢Ú Ìص㣺ÔÚÁ¬´®·´Ó¦µÄc¡«t¹ØϵͼÉÏ£¬ÒòΪÖмä²úÎï¼ÈÊÇÇ°Ò»²½·´Ó¦µÄÉú³ÉÎÓÖÊǺóÒ»²½·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ÎËüµÄŨ¶ÈÓÐÒ»¸öÏÈÔöºó¼õµÄ¹ý³Ì£¬Öмä»á³öÏÖÒ»¸ö¼«´óÖµ¡£ ¢· ¸´ºÏ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌµÄ½üËÆ´¦Àí·¨

¢Å Ñ¡Ôñ¿ØÖƲ½Öè·¨

ƽÐз´Ó¦µÄ×ÜËÙÂÊΪ¸÷·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÖ®ºÍ¡£Á¬´®·´Ó¦µÄ×ÜËÙÂʵÈÓÚ×îÂýÒ»²½µÄËÙÂÊ¡£ ×îÂýÒ»²½³ÆΪ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʵĿØÖƲ½Ö衣Ҫʹ·´Ó¦¼Ó¿ì½øÐйؼü¾ÍÊÇÒªÌá¸ß¿ØÖƲ½ÖèµÄËÙÂÊ¡£

¢Æ ÎÈ̬½üËÆ·¨

ÎÈָ̬ÖмäÎïÉú³ÉËÙÂÊÓëÏûºÄËÙÂÊÏàµÈÒÔÖÂÆäŨ¶È²»Ëæʱ¼ä±ä»¯µÄ״̬£¬Óֳƶ¨Ì¬¡£

k1k2?B???C ÀýÈ磺 A??ÈôB·Ç³£»îÆã¬k2??k1£¬B»ù±¾ÉÏÎÞ»ýÀÛ£¬

¢Ç ƽºâ̬½üËÆ·¨

k1????ÀýÈ磺 A?B????Ck?1dcB?0 dtk2C???D?¿ìËÙƽºâ??Âý?

×îºóÒ»²½ÎªÂý²½Ö裬Òò¶øµÚÒ»²½¶ÔÐз´Ó¦ÄÜËæʱά³Öƽºâ¡£

k1cAcB?k?1cC ?cCk?1?Kc cAcBk?1·´Ó¦µÄ×ÜËÙÂÊ£º

dcD?k2cC dtdckk?D?Kck2cAcB?12cAcB?kcAcB dtk?1¢¸ ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÀíÂÛÖ®ËÙÂʳ£Êý±í´ïʽ

¢Å ÅöײÀíÂÛËÙÂʳ£ÊýµÄ±í´ïʽ

ÒìÖÖ·Ö×Ó£º k??rA?rB??8?kBT/??e?Ec212RT

306

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

1ʽÖÐEc³ÆÁÙ½çÄÜ£¬ÆäÓë°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹»î»¯ÄܹØϵΪ£º Ea?Ec?RT

2¢Æ ¹ý¶É״̬ÀíÂÛµÄËÙÂʳ£Êý±í´ïʽ

k??ckBT?Kc h*'q?K?**Lexp??E0/RT?

qAqBʽÖÐE0Ϊ»î»¯ÂçºÏÎïX?Óë·´Ó¦Îï»ù̬ÄÜÁ¿Ö®²î¡£ ÓÃÈÈÁ¦Ñ§·½·¨´¦ÀíKc?ÔòµÃ£º

k?¢¹ Á¿×ÓЧÂÊÓëÁ¿×Ó²úÂÊ

kBT?$?$exp¦¤S/Rexp?¦¤H/RT? ???hc$·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ·Ö×ÓÊý·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿?

±»ÎüÊյĹâ×ÓÊý±»ÎüÊÕ¹â×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Éú³É²úÎïBµÄ·Ö×ÓÊýÉú³É²úÎïBµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿?

±»ÎüÊյĹâ×ÓÊý±»ÎüÊÕ¹â×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¢Å Á¿×ÓЧÂÊ ??¢Æ Á¿×Ó²úÂÊ ??¢º ´ß»¯×÷ÓÃ

¢Å ´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ¶¨Ò壺¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿¾ÍÄÜÏÔÖø¼ÓËÙ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£¬±¾ÉíµÄ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʺÍÊýÁ¿ÔÚ·´Ó¦Ç°ºó²¢²»¸Ä±äµÄÎïÖÊ¡£

¢Æ Ìص㣺

¢Ù ´ß»¯¼Á²ÎÓë´ß»¯·´Ó¦£¬µ«·´Ó¦ÖÕÁËʱ£¬´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʺÍÊýÁ¿¶¼²»±ä£» ¢Ú ´ß»¯¼ÁÖ»Äܸıä´ïµ½Æ½ºâµÄʱ¼ä£¬¶ø²»Äܸıäƽºâ״̬£¬K$?f?T?Óë´ß»¯¼ÁÎ޹أ» ¢Û ´ß»¯¼Á²»¸Ä±ä·´Ó¦ÈÈ£»

¢Ü ´ß»¯¼Á¶Ô·´Ó¦µÄ¼ÓËÙ×÷ÓþßÓÐÑ¡ÔñÐÔ£»

¢Ý ÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á»ò·´Ó¦ÌåϵÄÚ¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿ÔÓÖʳ£¿ÉÇ¿ÁÒµØÓ°Ïì´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷Óã¬ÕâЩÔÓÖÊ¿ÉÆðÖú´ß»¯¼Á»ò¶¾ÎïµÄ×÷Óá£

¶þ¡¢±¾ÕÂÒªÇó

1£®Àí½â»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡¢·´Ó¦ËÙÂʳ£Êý¼°·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýµÄ¸ÅÄÀí½â»ùÔª·´Ó¦¼°·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊýµÄ¸ÅÄ

2£®ÕÆÎÕͨ¹ýʵÑ齨Á¢·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌµÄ·½·¨£» 3£®ÕÆÎÕÁ㼶¡¢Ò»¼¶ºÍ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦µÄÌØÕ÷·½³Ì¼°ÆäʹÓã»

4£®Á˽âµäÐ͸´ÔÓ·´Ó¦µÄÌØÕ÷£¬Á˽⴦Àí¶ÔÐз´Ó¦£¬Æ½Ðз´Ó¦£¬Á¬´®·´Ó¦µÄ¶¯Á¦Ñ§·½·¨£» 5£®Àí½â¸´ÔÓ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʽüËÆ´¦ÀíµÄ¼¸ÖÖ·½·¨£»

6£®Àí½â°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹¹«Ê½µÄÒâÒå²¢»áÓ¦Óã¬Ã÷ȷָǰÒò×Ó¼°»î»¯Äܵĺ¬Ò壻

7£®Á˽ⵥ·Ö×Ó·´Ó¦µÄ»úÀí£¬ÄÜÓɸø¶¨»úÀíµ¼³öËÙÂÊ·½³Ì£¬Á˽âÁ´·´Ó¦µÄ¶¯Á¦Ñ§Ìص㣻

307

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

8£®Á˽âÓÐЧÅöײÀíÂۺ͹ý¶É״̬ÀíÂÛµÄÓйظÅÄîºÍ»ù±¾¹«Ê½¡£

Èý¡¢Ë¼¿¼Ìâ

1£® ·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýºÍ·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊýÓÐʲôÇø±ð£¿

´ð£º·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýºÍ·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊýÊÇÁ½¸ö²»Í¬µÄ¸ÅÄî¡£·´Ó¦¼¶Êý¿ÉÓÉʵÑé²â¶¨»òÓÉ·´Ó¦»úÀíÈ·¶¨£¬ÆäÊýÖµ¿ÉÕý£¨¿É¸º£©¡¢ÎªÁã»ò·ÖÊý£¬±íÃ÷Ũ¶È¶Ô·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÓ°ÏìµÄ³Ì¶È£»·´Ó¦·Ö×ÓÊýÊÇÖ¸»ùÔª·´Ó¦Öз´Ó¦ÎïµÄÁ£×ÓÊýÄ¿£¬ÊÇСÓÚ3µÄ¼òµ¥ÕýÕûÊý¡£

2£® ¼¶ÊýΪÁãµÄ·´Ó¦¿Ï¶¨²»ÊÇ»ùÔª·´Ó¦£¬¶ÔÂð£¿

´ð£º¶Ô£¬ÒòΪ»ùÔª·´Ó¦µÄ·Ö×ÓÊýÓ뼶ÊýÏàͬ£¬¶ø»ùÔª·´Ó¦µÄ·Ö×ÓÊý²»¿ÉÄÜΪÁã¡£

k1????3£® ¶ÔÐз´Ó¦A?B????CµÄÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦¶¼²»ÊÇ»ùÔª·´Ó¦£¬Kc=k?1k1³ÉÁ¢Â𣿠k?1´ð£º²»Ò»¶¨³ÉÁ¢¡£µ±¸÷·´Ó¦ÎïÖʵķּ¶ÊýÓ뻯ѧ¼ÆÁ¿ÊýµÄ¾ø¶ÔÖµÏàµÈ£¬¼´·þ´ÓÖÊÁ¿×÷Óö¨ÂÉʱ£¬´Ëʽ³ÉÁ¢¡£

k1, E1 ???? C£¬Ä³Î¶ÈÏÂkE£»ÄãÄÜ·ñͨ¹ý

4£® ÓÐһƽÐз´Ó¦A+B ?k2, E212 12 12

???? Dµ÷½Úζȵİ취£¬Ê¹²úÆ·µÄ»ìºÏÎïÖÐCµÄº¬Á¿´ïµ½50%ÒÔÉÏ£¿

´ð£º²»Ò»¶¨¡£¡ß

[C]k1A1?(E1?E2)/RT??eÒÀÌâÒâE1>E2£¬ÔòζÈTÉý¸ß£¬e?(E1?E2)/RT½«Ôö[D]k2A2´ó£¬µ«e?(E1?E2)/RT<1£¬Ö»Óе±A1/A2>1ʱ£¬k1/k2²ÅÓпÉÄÜ´óÓÚ1¡£

5£® ÊÔͼѰÕÒÒ»ÖÖÄÜÔÚûÓйâÕÕÌõ¼þϽ«CO2ºÍH2Oת»¯³É̼ˮ»¯ºÏÎÄãÈÏΪÄÜʵÏÖÂð£¿

´ð£º²»¿ÉÄÜ£¬¹âºÏ×÷ÓõĦ¤rGm>0£¬ÈôW¡¯=0£¬Ôò·´Ó¦²»¿ÉÄܽøÐС£ 6£® ÈÜÒºÖеķ´Ó¦ÓëÆøÏàÖеķ´Ó¦µÄÏà֮ͬ´¦ÊÇʲô£¿

´ð£ºÏà֮ͬ´¦ÊÇÒ²ÐèҪͨ¹ýÅöײ£¬»ñµÃ³ä×ãµÄÄÜÁ¿Ö®ºó£¬²ÅÄÜ·´Ó¦£¬¼´ÐèÒª»î»¯ÄÜ¡£ 7£® ҪʹijÎïÖÊÔÚÈÜÒºÖнâÀ룬ӦѡÔñʹÓýéµç³£Êý´óµÄÈܼÁ»¹Êǽéµç³£ÊýСµÄÈܼÁ£¿ ´ð£ºÓ¦Ñ¡ÔñʹÓýéµç³£Êý´óµÄÈܼÁ£¬ÒòΪ½éµç³£Êý´óµÄÈܼÁÓÐÀûÓÚ½âÀëΪÕý¸ºÀë×ӵķ´Ó¦¡£

8£® ÔÚijÈÜÒºÖз¢ÉúÈçÏ·´Ó¦£º

??Co?NH3?5Br??2++OH???Co(NH3)5OH?+Br?

2+ÎÊÔö¼Ó¸ÃÈÜÒºµÄpHÖµ£¬ÄÜʹ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÔö¼ÓÂð£¿

´ð£ºËÙÂʲ»»áÔö¼Ó·´»á½µµÍ£¬ÒòΪ·´Ó¦ÎïÖÊΪÒìºÅµçºÉ£¬ZA¡¢ZBΪ¸ºÖµ£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊËæÀë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈÔö¼Ó¶ø¼õС¡£

9£® ¹â»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÓëÈÈ·´Ó¦µÄÏà֮ͬ´¦ÊÇÏÂÁÐÄÇÖÖÇé¿ö£¿

£¨a£©·´Ó¦¶¼ÐèÒª»î»¯ÄÜ£» £¨b£©»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýÓë¹âÇ¿¶ÈÎ޹أ» £¨c£©·´Ó¦¶¼Ïò?rGmT,p,W'?0¼õСµÄ·½Ïò½øÐУ»£¨d£©Î¶ÈϵÊýС¡£

308

??µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

´ð£º£¨a£©¹â»¯·´Ó¦ÓëÈÈ·´Ó¦¶¼ÐèÒª»î»¯ÄÜ£¬µ«»î»¯ÄܵÄÀ´Ô´²»Í¬£¬Ç°ÕߵĻÄÜÀ´Ô´ÓÚÎüÊյĹâÄÜ£¬ºóÕßµÄÀ´Ô´ÓÚ·Ö×ÓÅöײ¡£

10£® ¹âÁ¿×ÓÄÜÁ¿´óС²»Í¬£¬µ±¹âÕÕÉ䵽ϵͳÉÏʱ£¬¿ÉÒýÆðÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄ×÷Ó㬵«ÏÂÁÐÄÄÖÖ×÷Óò»ÄÜ·¢Éú?

£¨a£©Ê¹ÏµÍ³Î¶ÈÉý¸ß£»£¨b£©Ê¹·Ö×ӻ»òµçÀ룻£¨c£©·¢Ó«¹â£»£¨d£©Æð´ß»¯×÷Óᣠ´ð£ºd.¹âÕÕÉäϵͳʹËÙÂʼӿ죬²»ÊÇÆð´ß»¯×÷Ó㬶øÊǸøϵͳÌṩÄÜÁ¿¡£ 11£® ¹ØÓÚ·´Ó¦ M + hv ? A + B (³õ¼¶¹ý³Ì)µÄËÙÂÊ£¬ÒÔϼ¸ÖÖ˵·¨ÄÄЩÊÇ´íµÄ? £¨a£©Ö»ÓëMµÄŨ¶ÈÓйأ»£¨b£©Ö»Óë¹âµÄÇ¿¶ÈÓйأ»£¨c£©ÓëMµÄŨ¶È¼°¹âµÄÇ¿¶È¶¼

ÓйØϵ¡£

´ð£º£¨a£©£¬£¨c£©ÊÇ´íÎóµÄ¡£

12£® ÔÚ¹âµÄ×÷ÓÃÏ£¬O2¿É±ä³ÉO3£¬µ±1molO3Éú³Éʱ£¬ÎüÊÕ3.011?1023¸ö¹âÁ¿×Ó£¬´Ë¹â»¯·´Ó¦µÄÁ¿×ÓЧÂÊÊÇÏÂÁÐÄÄÒ»ÖÖ?

£¨a£©?=1£» £¨b£©?=1.5£» £¨c£©?=2£» £¨d£©?=2.5£» £¨e£©?=3¡£

´ð£ºÓ¦Îª£¨e£©¡£·´Ó¦ 3O2 ? 2O3£¬Éú³É1molO3£¬±ØÐè1.5 mol O2·´Ó¦£¬ÏÖÎüÊյĹâÁ¿×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.5 mol(¼´L/2¸ö¹âÁ¿×Ó)£¬ËùÒÔÁ¿×ÓЧÂÊ?=1.5/0.5=3¡£.

13£® ´ß»¯¼Á×îÖØÒªµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÏÂÁÐÄÄÒ»Ï

£¨a£©Ìá¸ß²úÎïµÄƽºâ²úÂÊ£»£¨b£©¸Ä±äÄ¿µÄ²úÎ£¨c£©¸Ä±ä»î»¯Äܺͷ´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£» £¨d£©¸Ä±äָǰÒò×Ó£»£¨e£©¸Ä±äϵͳÖи÷ÎïÖʵÄÎïÀíÐÔÖÊ¡£

´ð£ºÓ¦Îª£¨c£©¡£Õý´ß»¯¼Á½µµÍ·´Ó¦»î»¯ÄÜ£¬¼Ó¿ì·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£»¸º´ß»¯¼ÁÌá¸ß»î»¯ÄÜ£¬¼õÂý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡£

14£® Ëá¼î´ß»¯µÄÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷ÊÇÏÂÁÐÄÇÒ»Ïî?

£¨a£©·´Ó¦ÖÐÓÐËá´æÔÚ£» £¨b£©·´Ó¦ÖÐÓмî´æÔÚ£» £¨c£©·´Ó¦ÖÐÓÐÖÊ×ÓתÒÆ£» £¨d£©·´Ó¦ÖÐÓеç½âÖÊ´æÔÚ¡£ ´ð£ºÓ¦Îª£¨c£©¡£

15£® ÈËÃǶԶàÏà´ß»¯Ñо¿×î¶à¡¢Ó¦ÓÃÒ²×î¹ã¡£ÏÂÃæ¹ØÓÚ¶àÏà´ß»¯·´Ó¦µÄ˵·¨ÄÄЩÊDz»ÕýÈ·µÄ?

£¨a£©¶àÏà´ß»¯·´Ó¦Ò»¶¨°üÀ¨À©É¢¹ý³ÌºÍ±íÃæ·´Ó¦¹ý³Ì£» £¨b£©¶àÏà´ß»¯·´Ó¦Ò»¶¨ÓпØÖƲ½Ö裻

£¨c£©±íÃæ»ùÔª·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÓë·´Ó¦ÎïµÄÎü¸½Á¿³ÉÕý±È£» £¨d£©¶àÏà´ß»¯·´Ó¦µÄ¿ØÖƲ½ÖèÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ¿ÉÒÔת»¯¡£

´ð£º£¨b£©²»ÕýÈ·¡£Èç¹û¸÷¸ö»ùÔª²½ÖèµÄÄÑÒ׳̶ÈÏà²î²»´ó£¬¾ÍûÓпØÖƲ½Öè¡£

ËÄ¡¢²¿·ÖÏ°Ìâ½â´ð

N1. 298KʱN2O5(g)·Ö½â·´Ó¦Æä°ëË¥ÆÚt1/2Ϊ5.7h£¬´ËÖµÓëN2O5µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈÎ޹أ¬ÊÔÇó£º

£¨1£©¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£Êý£»

309

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

£¨2£©×÷ÓÃÍê³É90%ʱËùÐèʱ¼ä¡£

½â£º°ëË¥ÆÚÓëÆðʼŨ¶ÈÎ޹صķ´Ó¦ÎªÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦£¬´úÈëÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦¹«Ê½¼´¿ÉÇó (1) k?(2) t?ln2ln2??0.1216h?1 t1/25.7h1111ln?ln?18.94h k1?y0.1216h?11?0.9kN2. ¶ÔÓÚ1/2¼¶·´Ó¦R???PÊÔÖ¤Ã÷£º

£¨1£© [R]02?[R]Ö¤ £¨1£©r??112?112kt£» £¨2£© t1?(2?1)[R]02

2k21d[R]?k[R]2£¬ dt?RR0?d[R][R]12??kdt

0t11111»ý·Ö 2([R]02?[R]2)?kt£¬ ËùÒÔ [R]02?[R]2?kt

21£¨2£©µ±t?t1/2ʱ£¬[R]?[R]0£¬´úÈ루1£©Ê½

21?1111?1kt1?2?[R]02?([R]0)2??2(1?)[R]02?2(2?1)[R]02 222??ËùÒÔ t1?212(2?1)[R]02 kN3. ÔÚ298Kʱ£¬ÓÃÐý¹âÒDzⶨÕáÌÇÔÚËáÈÜÒºÖÐË®½âµÄת»¯ËÙÂÊ£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬Ê±¼äËù²âµÃµÄÐý¹â¶È£¨?t£©ÈçÏ t/min

0 6.60

10 6.17

20 5.79

40 5.00

80 3.71

180 1.40

300 -0.24

¡Þ -1.98

?t /(o)

ÊÔÇó¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýkÖµ¡£

½â£º ÕáÌÇÔÚËáÈÜÒºÖÐË®½â¿É°´×¼Ò»¼¶·´Ó¦´¦Àí£¬ÇÒÕáÌÇŨ¶ÈÓëÐý¹â¶ÈÖ®¼äÒà´æÔÚÏßÐÔ¹Øϵ£¬¼´cA=M??t +N£¬ÓëÉÏÌâµÀÀíÏàͬ¿ÉµÃlncA,0cA??0???£¬´úÈëÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦»ý·Ö·½³ÌµÃ

?t????0????kt£¬È»ºóÒÔln(?t???)¶Ôt×÷ͼ£¬µÃÒ»Ö±Ïߣ¬Ð±ÂÊΪ?k£¬ÇóµÃk?5.2?10?3min?1¡£

?t????0????kt£¬Çó³ökÖµ£¬È»ºóȡƽ¾ùÖµ£¬½á¹ûÓë×÷ͼÇóÈ¡Ò»Ö¡£

?t???»ò½«¸÷×éÊý¾Ý´úÈëlnN4. º¬ÓÐÏàͬÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄA¡¢BÈÜÒº£¬µÈÌå»ýÏà»ìºÏ£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦A+B¡úC£¬ÔÚ·´Ó¦¾­¹ýÁË1Сʱºó£¬·¢ÏÖAÒÑÏûºÄÁË75%£¬µ±·´Ó¦Ê±¼äΪ2Сʱºó£¬ÔÚÏÂÁÐÇé¿öÏ£¬A»¹Ê£Óà¶àÉÙûÓз´Ó¦£¿

(1) (2)

µ±¸Ã·´Ó¦¶ÔAΪһ¼¶£¬¶ÔBΪÁ㼶£» µ±¸Ã·´Ó¦¶ÔA£¬B¾ùΪһ¼¶£»

310

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

(3) µ±¸Ã·´Ó¦¶ÔA£¬B¾ùΪÁ㼶¡£

1111?ln?ln4h?1 ½â£º (1) Ò»¼¶·´Ó¦Ê± k1?lnt1?y1h1?0.75µ±t=2hʱ ln4h?1?11ln£¬ 1?y =6.25% 2h1?yyÊÇAµÄת»¯ÂÊ£¬ËùÒÔ1?yÊÇδת»¯µÄ£¬¹ÊA»¹ÓÐ6.25%û·´Ó¦¡£ (2) ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦Ê±£¬ÔËÓÃa=bµÄ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦¹«Ê½ k2?1y10.753????h?1 ta1?y1h?a1?0.75aµ±t=2hʱ

3?11yh??£¬ 1?y =14.3% a2h?a1?y¹ÊA»¹ÓÐ14.3%û·´Ó¦¡£

11(3)Á㼶·´Ó¦Ê± k0?ay?a?0.75?0.75ah?1

t1hµ±t=2hʱ 0.75ah?1?1ay£¬ y=1.5£¾1£¬ËµÃ÷AÔçÒÑ×÷ÓÃÍê±Ï¡£ 2h11ay??a?1?1.333h k00.75ah?1µ±y =1ʱA¸ÕºÃ×÷ÓÃÍ꣬ËùÐèʱ¼äΪ t?N5. ÔÚ298Kʱ£¬NaOHÓëCH3COOCH3Ôí»¯×÷ÓõÄËÙÂʳ£Êýk2ÓëNaOHºÍ

'CH3COOC2H5Ôí»¯×÷ÓõÄËÙÂʳ£Êýk2µÄ¹ØϵΪk2=2.8k2'¡£ÊÔÎÊÔÚÏàͬµÄʵÑéÌõ¼þÏ£¬µ±ÓÐ

90%µÄCH3COOCH3±»·Ö½âʱ£¬CH3COOC2H5µÄ·Ö½â°Ù·ÖÊýΪÈô¸É£¿£¨Éè¼îÓëõ¥µÄŨ¶È¾ùÏàµÈ£©

½â£º ¼îÓëõ¥µÄÔí»¯×÷ÓÃÊǵäÐ͵Ķþ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ËùÒÔ 1y1y'' k2?£¬ k2?

ta1?yta1?y'yk1?y??2.8£¬ ½âµÃy'=0.76»òy'=76%¡£ 2''yk21?y'N6. ¶Ô·´Ó¦2NO(g)+2H2(g) ? N2(g)+H2O(l)½øÐÐÁËÑо¿£¬ÆðʼʱNOÓëH2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ¡£²ÉÓò»Í¬µÄÆðʼѹÁ¦ÏàÓ¦µÄÓв»Í¬µÄ°ëË¥ÆÚ£¬ÊµÑéÊý¾ÝΪ

p0/kPa t1/2/min

50.90 81

45.40 102

38.40 140

33.46 180

26.93 224

Çó¸Ã·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýΪÈô¸É£¿

½â£º ÒÑÖªn¼¶·´Ó¦°ëË¥ÆڵıíʾʽΪ

311

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

2n?1?12n?1?11?nt1???Ap0 n?1n?1pA0kA(n?1)(p0/2)kA(n?1)2È¡¶ÔÊý lnt1/2?lnA?(1?n)lnp0

ln(t1/2 /min)ÒÔlnt12¡«lnp0×÷ͼ£¬µÃÒ»Ö±Ïߣ¬Ð±ÂÊΪ1-n£¬ÇóµÃn¡Ö3¡£ »òÓÃÏÂÊö¹«Ê½

n?1?ln(t12/t1'2)'ln(p0/p0)

5.85.65.45.25.04.84.64.44.2 Data linear fitting ln t1/2=11.24-1.73ln p0 reaction order=33.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.94.04.1ln(p0/kPa)´úÈë¸÷×éÊý¾Ý£¬Çó³önÖµ£¬È»ºóȡƽ¾ùÖµµÃn?3¡£

N7. ÒÑ֪ij·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì¿É±íʾΪr?k[A]?[B]?[C]?£¬Çë¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐʵÑéÊý¾Ý£¬·Ö±ðÈ·¶¨¸Ã·´Ó¦¶Ô¸÷·´Ó¦ÎïµÄ¼¶Êý?¡¢?ºÍ?µÄÖµ²¢¼ÆËãËÙÂÊϵÊýk¡£

r0/(10-5 mol¡¤dm-3¡¤s-1) [A]0/(mol¡¤dm-3) [B]0/(mol¡¤dm-3) [C]0/(mol¡¤dm-3)

5.0 5.0 2.5 1.41

0.010 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.010

½â£º ¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì£¬½«ËÄ×éʵÑéÊý¾Ý´úÈëµÃ

5.0?10?5?k?0.010??0.005??0.010? (1) 5.0?10?5?k?0.010??0.005??0.015? (2) 2.5?10?5?k?0.010??0.010??0.010? (3) 14.1?10?5?k?0.020??0.005??0.010? (4)

(1)/(2)µÃ1?(0.01/0.015)?£¬½âµÃ??0

(1)/(3)µÃ2?(0.005/0.010)??(1/2)?£¬½âµÃ???1

(4)/(1)µÃ14.1/5?(0.020/0.010)??2?£¬??ln(14.1/5)ln2?1.5 (3)ʽȡ¶ÔÊýln(2.5?10?5)?lnk?1.5ln0.010?ln0.010 lnk?ln(2.5?10?5)?1.5ln0.010?ln0.010??8.294

½âµÃk=2.5¡Á10-4(mol¡¤dm-3)1/2¡¤s-1

N8. ij¿¹¾úËØÔÚÈËÌåѪҺÖгÊÏÖ¼òµ¥¼¶ÊýµÄ·´Ó¦£¬Èç¹û¸ø²¡ÈËÔÚÉÏÎç8µã×¢ÉäÒ»Õ뿹¾úËØ£¬È»ºóÔÚ²»Í¬Ê±¿Ìt²â¶¨¿¹¾úËØÔÚѪҺÖеÄŨ¶Èc(ÒÔmg/100cm3±íʾ)£¬µÃµ½ÈçÏÂÊý¾Ý£º

t/h

c/( mg/100cm3) (1) È·¶¨·´Ó¦¼¶Êý£»

(2) Çó·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýkºÍ°ëË¥ÆÚt1/2£»

(3) Èô¿¹¾úËØÔÚѪҺÖеÄŨ¶È²»µÍÓÚ0.37 mg/100cm3²ÅΪÓÐЧ£¬ÎÊÔ¼ºÎʱ¸Ã×¢ÉäµÚ

¶þÕ룿

½â£º (1) ÒÔlnc¶Ôt×÷ͼ£¬µÃÒ»Ö±Ïߣ¬ËµÃ÷¸Ã·´Ó¦ÊÇÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦¡£Êý¾Ý¼ûÏÂ±í£º

312

4 0.480 8 0.326 12 0.222 16 0.151

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

t/h

ln[c/( mg/100cm3)]

4 ?0.734

8 ?1.121

12 ?1.505

16 ?1.890

×÷ͼÈçÓÒËùʾ¡£Ö±ÏßµÄбÂÊΪ?0.09629¡£

(2) Ö±ÏßµÄбÂÊm=?(k/h-1)= ?0.09629, ËùÒÔk = 0.09629 h-1¡£

t1/2?ln2ln2??7.198h k0.09629h?1 (3)ÒÔµÚÒ»×éÊý¾ÝÇó³öc0Öµ lnc0?kt ccln0?0.09629?4 0.48c0=0.705 mg/100cm3

1c10.705t?ln0?ln?6.7h¡£ kc0.09629h?10.37Ó¦ÔÚ6.7hºó×¢ÉäµÚ¶þÕë¡£

N9. ÔÚ³é¿ÕµÄ¸ÕÐÔÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬ÒýÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿´¿AÆøÌ壨ѹÁ¦Îªp0£©·¢ÉúÈçÏ·´Ó¦£ºA(g)¡úB(g)+2C(g)£¬Éè·´Ó¦ÄܽøÐÐÍêÈ«£¬¾­ºãε½323Kʱ¿ªÊ¼¼Æʱ£¬²â¶¨×ÜѹËæʱ¼äµÄ±ä»¯¹ØϵÈçÏ£º

t/min p×Ü/kPa

Çó¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ¼¶Êý¼°ËÙÂʳ£Êý¡£

½â£º ´ËÌâµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇÕÒ³ö·´Ó¦ÎïAµÄ·ÖѹËæʱ¼äµÄ±ä»¯¹æÂÉ¡£ÌâÖиø³öµÄÊÇ×Üѹ£¬Òò´ËҪͨ¹ý·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽÕÒ³öAµÄ·ÖѹÓë×Üѹ¼äµÄ¶¨Á¿¹Øϵ¡£

É迪ʼ¼ÆʱʱAµÄ·ÖѹΪp0£¬BµÄ·ÖѹΪp¡¯£¬¼Æʱºóijʱ¿ÌAµÄ·ÖѹΪp£¬

A(g) ¡ú B(g) + 2C(g)

t=0 p0 p¡¯ 2p¡¯ p×Ü(0) t=t p (p0 ¨C p)+ p¡¯ 2(p0 ¨C p)+2p¡¯ p×Ü(t) t=¡Þ 0 p0+p¡¯ 2(p0 + p¡¯) p×Ü(¡Þ) p×Ü(0)= p0 +3p¡¯=53.33kPa (1) p×Ü(t)=3(p0 + p¡¯)?2p (2) p×Ü(¡Þ)= 3(p0+ p¡¯)=106.66kPa (3) ÓÉ·½³Ì(1)¡¢(3)£¬½âµÃ

p¡¯=8.893kPa£» p0 =26.66kPa

ÓÉ·½³Ì(2), µ±p×Ü(t)=73.33 kPaʱ, p =16.67 kPa µ±p×Ü(t)=80.00 kPaʱ, p =13.33 kPa Óɳ¢ÊÔ·¨Çó·´Ó¦¼¶Êý£¬½«Á½×éÊý¾Ý´úÈë¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì

313

0 53.33

30 73.33

50 80.00

¡Þ 106.66

11??kpt pp0ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

11-4-1-1

??kp?30min£¬ kp=7.5¡Á10(kPa)¡¤min

16.67kPa26.66kPa11-4-1-1

??kp?50min, kp=7.5¡Á10(kPa)¡¤min

13.33kPa26.66kPakpֵΪһ³£Êý£¬ËµÃ÷¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬kpֵΪ7.5¡Á10-4(kPa)-1¡¤min-1¡£

N10. µ±Óеâ´æÔÚ×÷Ϊ´ß»¯¼Áʱ£¬Âȱ½(C6H5Cl)ÓëÂÈÔÚCS2ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐÈçϵÄƽÐз´Ó¦£¨¾ùΪ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£©£º

k1 C6H5Cl+Cl2???HCl+ÁÚ-C6H4Cl2

k2C6H5Cl+Cl2???HCl+¶Ô-C6H4Cl2

ÉèÔÚζȺ͵âµÄŨ¶ÈÒ»¶¨Ê±£¬C6H5ClºÍCl2ÔÚCS2ÈÜÒºÖеÄÆðʼŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.5mol¡¤dm-3, 30minºóÓÐ15%µÄC6H5Clת»¯ÎªÁÚ-C6H4Cl2£¬ÓÐ25%µÄC6H5Clת»¯Îª¶Ô-C6H4Cl2£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãk1ºÍk2¡£

½â£º ÉèÁÚ-C6H4Cl2ºÍ¶Ô-C6H4Cl2ÔÚ·´Ó¦µ½30minʱµÄŨ¶È·Ö±ðΪx1ºÍx2¡£

x1=0.5mol¡¤dm-3¡Á15%=0.075 mol¡¤dm-3 x2=0.5mol¡¤dm-3¡Á25%=0.125 mol¡¤dm-3 x= x1+ x2=0.20 mol¡¤dm-3 ÒòΪÊÇË«¶þ¼¶Æ½Ðз´Ó¦£¬Æä»ý·Ö·½³ÌΪ

11??(k1?k2)t a?xa1?11?111???3?1k1?k2?????????(mol?dm)t?a?xa?30min?0.5?0.20.5?

=0.0444(mol¡¤dm-3)-1¡¤min-1

ÓÖÖª k1/k2=x1/x2=0.075/0.125=0.6 ½âµÃ k1=1.67¡Á10-2(mol¡¤dm-3)-1¡¤min-1

k2=2.78¡Á10-2(mol¡¤dm-3)-1¡¤min-1¡£ N11. ÓÐÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦¸÷Ϊһ¼¶µÄ¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦£º

ÒÑÖªÁ½¸ö°ëË¥ÆÚ¾ùΪ10min£¬½ñ´ÓD-R1R2R3CBrµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª1.0mol¿ªÊ¼£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËã10minÖ®ºó£¬¿ÉµÃL-R1R2R3CBrÈô¸É£¿

½â£º ¶ÔÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦¸÷Ϊһ¼¶µÄ¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦£¬ÀûÓÃƽºâÊý¾Ý£¬¿ÉµÃ²úÎïŨ¶ÈxÓëʱ¼ätµÄ»ý·Ö·½³ÌΪ

xexlne?k1t axe?xÒÑÖªÁ½¸ö°ëË¥ÆÚÏàͬ£¬¼´k1=k-1, »òxe/(a-xe)= k1/k-1=1, ½«a=1.0mol´úÈ룬µÃxe=0.5mol¡£ÓÖk1=ln2/(10min)=0.0693min-1£¬´úÈë»ý·Ö·½³Ì

314

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

t?xex0.5mol0.5lne?ln?10min ?1ak1xe?x1.0mol?0.0693min0.5?x½âµÃx=0.375mol£¬¼´10minÖ®ºó£¬¿ÉµÃL-R1R2R3CBr 0.375mol¡£

N12. ij·´Ó¦ÔÚ300Kʱ½øÐУ¬Íê³É40%Ðèʱ24min¡£Èç¹û±£³ÖÆäËüÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬ÔÚ340Kʱ½øÐУ¬Í¬ÑùÍê³É40%£¬Ðèʱ6.4min¡£Çó¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄʵÑé»î»¯ÄÜ¡£

½â£º ÒªÇó·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜ£¬ÐëÖªÁ½¸öζÈʱµÄËÙÂÊϵÊý£¬É跴ӦΪn¼¶£¬Ôò ??cAcA,0tdcA?kn?0dt?kt£¬ÔÚ±£³ÖÆäËüÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬Á½¸öζÈÏ·´Ó¦¶¼Í¬ÑùÍê³É40%µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬cA»ý·ÖʽµÄ×ó±ßÓ¦²»±ä£¬¶øÓұߵÄktËæζȱ仯¶ø±ä»¯£¬Òò´ËÓÐk1t1=k2t2£¬¼´k2/k1= t1/t2£¬¾Ý°¢ÀÛÄáÎÚ˹·½³Ì

ln(k2/k1)=ln(t1/t2)=?(Ea/R)(1/T2?1/T1)

Rln(t1/t2)8.314J?mol-1?K?1ln(24/6.4)Ea??

1/T1?1/T21/300K?1/340K=28022J¡¤mol-1=28.022kJ¡¤mol-1

N13. ÔÚ673 Kʱ£¬Éè·´Ó¦NO2(g)=NO(g)+(1/2)O2(g)¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÍêÈ«£¬²úÎï¶Ô·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÎÞÓ°Ï죬¾­ÊµÑéÖ¤Ã÷¸Ã·´Ó¦ÊǶþ¼¶·´Ó¦?d[NO2]?k[NO2]2£¬kÓëζÈTÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØϵΪdtln{k/[(mol?dm?3)?1?s?1]}??12886.7?20.27

T/K£¨1£© Çó´Ë·´Ó¦µÄÖ¸ÊýÇ°Òò×ÓA¼°ÊµÑé»î»¯ÄÜEa¡£

£¨2£© ÈôÔÚ673 Kʱ£¬½«NO2(g)ͨÈë·´Ó¦Æ÷£¬Ê¹ÆäѹÁ¦Îª26.66kPa£¬È»ºó·¢ÉúÉÏÊö·´Ó¦£¬

ÊÔ¼ÆËã·´Ó¦Æ÷ÖеÄѹÁ¦´ïµ½32.0 kPaʱËùÐèµÄʱ¼ä£¨ÉèÆøÌåΪÀíÏëÆøÌ壩¡£ ½â£º £¨1£©¶ÔÕÕ°¢ÀÛÄáÎÚ˹¹«Ê½lnk?lnA?Ea RT1-1 ln{ A=6.36A/[(m?o-l3d-?m)?s]}£¬ 20.27¡Á108(mol¡¤dm-3)-1¡¤s-1

Ea/R=12886.7K, Ea=107.1kJ¡¤mol-1

£¨2£©½«NO2(g)ÓÃA±íʾ£¬ÒòÊǶþ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬pAÓëʱ¼ätµÄ¹ØϵʽΪ

11??kpt pApA,0ÌâÖÐËù¸økÓëζÈTÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØϵÊÇkc£¬´úÈëζÈ673 K

lnkc??12886.7?20.27?1.122 673kc=3.07(mol¡¤dm-3)-1¡¤s-1

¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦ kp?kc RTÕÒ³ö·´Ó¦ÖÐAµÄ·ÖѹÓë×Üѹ¼äµÄ¹Øϵ

315

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

NO2(g) = NO(g)+(1/2)O2(g)

t=0 pA,0 0 0 t=t pA,0?p p (1/2) p

p×Ü= pA,0?p + p +(1/2) p= pA,0+(1/2) p=26.66kPa+(1/2) p=32.0 kPa ½âµÃ p=10.68 kPa£¬pA = pA,0?p=26.66kPa?10.68 kPa=15.98 kPa ËùÒÔ t?1?11?RT?11? ????????k?p?kp?pppA,0?c?AA,0??A(8.314J?K-1?mol-1)?673K?11???????45.7s

3.07dm3?mol?1?s?115.98kPa26.66kPa??N14. ÉèÓÐÒ»·´Ó¦2A(g)+B(g)¡úG(g)+H(s)ÔÚijºãÎÂÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖнøÐУ¬¿ªÊ¼Ê±AºÍBµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2:1£¬Æðʼ×ÜѹΪ3.0kPa£¬ÔÚ400Kʱ£¬60sºóÈÝÆ÷ÖеÄ×ÜѹÁ¦Îª2.0kPa£¬Éè¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ

?ʵÑé»î»¯ÄÜΪ100kJ¡¤mol¡£

-1

dpB0.5?kpp1.5ApB dt£¨1£©Çó400Kʱ£¬150sºóÈÝÆ÷ÖÐBµÄ·ÖѹΪÈô¸É£¿

£¨2£©Çó500Kʱ£¬Öظ´ÉÏÊöʵÑ飬Çó50sºóÈÝÆ÷ÖÐBµÄ·ÖѹΪÈô¸É£¿

0000½â£º (1)ÒòΪT¡¢Vºã¶¨£¬ËùÒÔnA:nB=pAºÍpA?2pB£¬Ôò :pB?2:1£¬¼´pA?2pB?dpB0.51.50.52 ?kpp1.5pB?k1pBApB?kp(2pB)dt·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐ×ÜѹÁ¦ÓëBµÄ·Öѹ¼äµÄ¹Øϵ

2A(g)+B(g) ¡ú G(g)+H(s)

0000 t = 0 2pB pB 0 p×Ü ?3pB00 t = t 2pB pB pB?pB p×Ü?pB?2pB

¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦µÄ»ý·Ö·½³ÌΪ

11?0?k1t£¬µ±t =60sʱ pBpB1110110pB?(p×Ü?pB)?[p×Ü?p×Ü]?[2??3]kPa=0.5kPa

2232311??k1?60s

0.5kPa1.0kPak1?0.0167(kPa?s)?1

11??0.0167(kPa?s)?1?150s pB1.0kPaµ±t =150sʱ£¬ ÇóµÃpB=0.285kPa¡£

(2)Éè500Kʱ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýΪk2¡£

316

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

lnEk2??ak1R?11????£¬ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâÀïµÄkÊÇkc£¬¶ø±¾ÌâÖеÄkÊÇkp£¬¶Ô¶þ¼¶?T2T1?Ek2??ak1R?11?T2????ln

T1?T2T1?·´Ó¦kc?kp?RT£¬Ôòlnk2100?103J?mol?1?11?500Kln?????ln ??0.0167(kPa?s)-18.314J?K-1?mol?1?500K400K?400Kk2?5.466(kPa?s)?1

50sºó

11??5.466(kPa?s)?1?50s pB1.0kPa½âµÃpB=3.646¡Á10-3kPa=3.646Pa

N15. ÆøÏà·´Ó¦ºÏ³ÉHBr£¬H2(g)+Br2(g)=2HBr(g)Æä·´Ó¦Àú³ÌΪ

k1(1) Br2+M???2Br¡¤+M k2(2) Br¡¤+H2???HBr+H¡¤ k3(3) H¡¤+Br2???HBr+Br¡¤ k4(4) H¡¤+ HBr???H2+Br¡¤ k5(5) Br¡¤+Br¡¤+M???Br2+M

¢ÙÊÔÍƵ¼HBrÉú³É·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì£»

¢ÚÒÑÖª¼üÄÜÊý¾ÝÈçÏ£¬¹ÀËã¸÷»ùÔª·´Ó¦Ö®»î»¯ÄÜ¡£

»¯Ñ§¼ü

Br¡ªBr 192

H¡ªBr 364

H¡ªH 435

?/(kJ¡¤mol-1)

½â£º ¢Ù d[HBr]/dt=k2[Br¡¤][H2]+k3[H¡¤][Br2] ?k4[H¡¤][HBr] (1)

d[Br¡¤]/dt=2k1[Br2][M]?k2[Br¡¤][H2]+k3[H¡¤][Br2]+k4[H¡¤][HBr]

?2k5[Br¡¤]2[M]=0 (2)

d[H¡¤]/dt=k2[Br¡¤][H2]?k3[H¡¤][Br2]?k4[H¡¤][HBr]=0 (3) (3)´úÈë(2)µÃ 2k1[Br2][M]=2k5[Br¡¤]2[M]£¬[Br¡¤]={k1[Br2]/k5}1/2 (4) ÓÉ(3)µÃ [H¡¤]= k2[Br¡¤][H2]/{ k3[Br2]+ k4[HBr]} (5) (4)´úÈë(5) [H¡¤]= k2{k1[Br2]/k5}1/2[H2]/{ k3[Br2]+ k4[HBr]} (6) (3)¡¢(6)´úÈë(1)

d[HBr]/dt=2 k3[H¡¤][Br2]

= 2 k3 k2{k1[Br2]/k5}1/2[H2] [Br2]/{ k3[Br2]+ k4[HBr]}

=2 k3 k2{k1/k5}1/2[H2] [Br2]3/2/{ k3[Br2]+ k4[HBr]} (7)

(7)ʽ¼´ÎªËùÇóËÙÂÊ·½³Ì¡£ ¢Ú ¸÷»ùÔª·´Ó¦»î»¯ÄÜΪ

k1?2Br¡¤+M£¬ Ea1=192 kJ¡¤(1) Br2+M??mol-1

k2(2) Br¡¤+H2??mol-1¡Á0.055=23.9 kJ¡¤mol-1 ?HBr+H¡¤£¬ Ea2=435 kJ¡¤

317

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

k3(3) H¡¤+Br2??mol-1¡Á0.055=10.6 kJ¡¤mol-1 ?HBr+Br¡¤£¬ Ea3=192 kJ¡¤k4(4) H¡¤+ HBr??mol-1¡Á0.055=20.0 kJ¡¤mol-1 ?H2+Br¡¤£¬ Ea4=364 kJ¡¤k5(5) Br¡¤+Br¡¤+M???Br2+M£¬ Ea5=0

kN16. ʵÑé²âµÃÆøÏà·´Ó¦I2(g)+H2(g)???2HI(g)ÊǶþ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ673.2Kʱ£¬Æä·´Ó¦µÄ

ËÙÂʳ£ÊýΪk=9.869¡Á10-9(kPa¡¤s)-1¡£ÏÖÔÚÒ»·´Ó¦Æ÷ÖмÓÈë50.663kPaµÄH2(g)£¬·´Ó¦Æ÷ÖÐÒѺ¬ÓйýÁ¿µÄ¹ÌÌåµâ£¬¹ÌÌåµâÔÚ673.2KʱµÄÕôÆûѹΪ121.59kPa£¨¼Ù¶¨¹ÌÌåµâºÍËüµÄÕôÆûºÜ¿ì´ï³Éƽºâ£©£¬ÇÒûÓÐÄæÏò·´Ó¦¡£

(1)¼ÆËãËù¼ÓÈëµÄH2(g)·´Ó¦µôÒ»°ëËùÐèÒªµÄʱ¼ä£» (2)Ö¤Ã÷ÏÂÃæ·´Ó¦»úÀíÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·¡£

1????I2(g)????2I(g) ¿ìËÙƽºâ£¬K=k1/k-1 k?1kk2H2(g) + 2I(g)???2HI(g) Âý²½Öè

½â£º (1)Òòº¬ÓйýÁ¿µÄ¹ÌÌåµâ£¬ÇÒÓëÆäÕôÆûºÜ¿ì´ï³Éƽºâ£¬¿ÉÊÓΪI2(g)µÄÁ¿²»±ä£¬ËùÒÔ r?k[I2(g)][H2(g)]?k'[H2(g)] ·´Ó¦Óɶþ¼¶³ÉΪ׼һ¼¶·´Ó¦

k'?k[I2(g)]?9.869?10?9(kPa?s)?1?121.59kPa=1.2?10?6s?1 t1(H2)?ln2/k'?ln2/(1.2?10?6s?1)?5.776?105s

2k[I]2k11d[HI]2??[I]2?1?[I2] (2)ÓÉÂý²½Öèr??k2[H2][I]£¬ÓÉ¿ìƽºâ

[I2]k?1k?12dt´úÈëËÙÂÊ·½³ÌµÃ r?k2k1[H2(g)]2[Ig(?)]kk?12[Hg(2) g][I()]ÓëʵÑé½á¹ûÏà·û£¬Ö¤Ã÷·´Ó¦»úÀíÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ¡£

k1????N17. ÓÐÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦¾ùΪһ¼¶µÄ¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦A????B£¬ÒÑÖªÆäËÙÂʳ£ÊýºÍƽºâ³£ÊýÓëÎÂk?1¶ÈµÄ¹Øϵ·Ö±ðΪ£ºlg(k1/s?1)??2000?4.0 T/K2000?4.0 K=k1/k-1 T/KlgK?·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼Ê±£¬[A]0=0.5mol¡¤dm-3, [B]0=0.05mol¡¤dm-3¡£ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺

(1)Äæ·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜ£»

(2)400Kʱ£¬·´Ó¦10sºó£¬AºÍBµÄŨ¶È£» (3) 400Kʱ£¬·´Ó¦´ïƽºâʱ£¬AºÍBµÄŨ¶È¡£ ½â£º (1)ÓÉlg(k1/s?1)??20002.303?2000?4.0µÃln(k1/s?1)???2.303?4.0 T/KT/K±È½Ï°¢ÀÛÄáÎÚ˹·½³Ì£¬Ea1=2.303¡Á2000R

ÓÉlgK?

20002.303?2000?4.0µÃlnK??2.303?4.0£¬½øÒ»²½µÃ T/KT/K318

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

?rHm??2.303?2000R??rUm

ÔòEa,-1=Ea,1-¦¤rUm=2.303¡Á2000R?(?2.303¡Á2000R)=2¡Á2.303¡Á2000R

=76.59kJ¡¤mol-1

(2)Áî[A]0=a£¬[B]0=b£¬tʱ¿ÌAµÄÏûºÄÁ¿Îªx£¬Ôò

1????A????B k?1kt=0 a b

t=t a?x b+x r?Áîk1a?k-1b=A£¬k1+ k-1=B£¬Ôò

xdx?k1(a?x)?k?1(b?x) dtdx?A?Bx£¬¶¨»ý·Ö dttdx1xd(A?Bx)1A?Bx????ln??0A?BxB?0A?Bx?0dt?t BA2000?4.0µÃk1=0.1s-1 ÓÉ lg(k1/s?1)??T/KÓÉ lgK?2000?4.0µÃK=10£¬k-1= k1/K=0.01 s-1 T/KÓÚÊÇ A=k1a?k-1b=0.1s-1¡Á0.5mol¡¤dm-3-0.01s-1¡Á0.05mol¡¤dm-3

=0.0495 s-1¡¤mol¡¤dm-3

B= k1+ k-1=0.1s-1+0.01 s-1=0.11 s-1

½«A¡¢BÖµ´úÈ붨»ý·ÖʽµÃ

x?A0.0495(1?e?Bt)?(1?e?0.11?10)mol?dm?3?0.3mol?dm?3 B0.11·´Ó¦10sºó£¬AµÄŨ¶ÈΪ a-x=(0.5-0.3) mol¡¤dm-3=0.2 mol¡¤dm-3 BµÄŨ¶ÈΪ b+x=(0.05+0.3) mol¡¤dm-3=0.35 mol¡¤dm-3

(3)·´Ó¦´ïƽºâʱ k1(a?xe)?k?1(b?xe)

b?xek0.1?1??10 a?xek?10.01½âµÃxe=0.45 mol¡¤dm-3£¬AµÄŨ¶ÈΪa-xe=(0.5-0.45) mol¡¤dm-3=0.05 mol¡¤dm-3£¬ BµÄŨ¶ÈΪb+xe=(0.05+0.45) mol¡¤dm-3=0.5 mol¡¤dm-3¡£

N18. ÒÑÖª×é³Éµ°°×ÖʵÄÂÑ°×ëõÄÈȱä×÷ÓÃΪһ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬Æä»î»¯ÄÜԼΪEa=85kJ¡¤mol-1¡£ÔÚÓ뺣ƽÃæͬ¸ß¶È´¦µÄ·ÐË®ÖУ¬¡°ÖóÊ족һ¸öµ°Ðè10·ÖÖÓ£¬ÊÔÇóÔÚº£°Î2213Ã׸ߵÄɽ¶¥ÉϵķÐË®ÖУ¬¡°ÖóÊ족һ¸öµ°Ðè¶à³¤Ê±¼ä£¿Éè¿ÕÆø×é³ÉµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪN2(g)Ϊ0.8£¬O2(g)Ϊ0.2£¬¿ÕÆø°´¸ß¶È·Ö²¼·þ´Ó¹«Ê½p=p0e-Mgh/RT,¼ÙÉèÆøÌå´Óº£Æ½Ã浽ɽ¶¥µÄζȶ¼±£³ÖΪ293K£¬ÒÑ֪ˮµÄÕý³£Æû»¯ÈÈΪ2.278 kJ¡¤g-1¡£ ½â£º Çó³ö¿ÕÆøµÄƽ¾ùĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿

M?MN2xN2?MO2xO2?(28?0.8?32?0.2)g?mol?1?28.8g?mol?1?0.0288kg?mol?1

319

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

Ë®µÄĦ¶ûÆû»¯ÈȦ¤

g-1¡Á18g¡¤mol-1=41.004 kJ¡¤mol-1 vapHm=2.278 kJ¡¤

Ê×ÏÈÓ¦Çó³öɽ¶¥ÉÏ¿ÕÆøµÄѹÁ¦ÒÔ¼°É½¶¥ÉÏ·ÐË®µÄ¡°Î¶ȡ±£¬ÓÉÆøѹ·Ö²¼¹«Ê½±äÐεà lnpMgh?? £¨1£© p0RTÓÉ¿Ë¡ª¿Ë·½³Ì¿ÉÇó³öɽ¶¥ÉÏË®µÄ¡°·Ðµã¡±Tb ln?vapHm?1p1?????? £¨2£© p0R?Tb373?£¨1£©£¨2£©Á½Ê½ÁªÁ¢½âµÃTb=365.9K£¬ÓÉ°¢ÀÛÄáÎÚ˹·½³Ì¿ÉÇó³ö365.9KºÍ373Kʱ·Ö±ðÖóµ°µÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýÖ®±È lnEk(365.9K)??ak(373K)R1??1??? 365.9373??½«Ea=85000J¡¤mol-1´úÈ룬µÃ k(365.9K) /k(373K)=0.59£¬ÆäËüÌõ¼þÏàͬʱ k(365.9K)¡¤t(365.9K)= k(373K)¡¤t(373K)

¡à t(365.9K)= t(373K)¡¤k(373K)/ k(365.9K)=10min/0.59=17min

N19. 300Kʱ£¬½«1.0g O2(g)ºÍ0.1g H2(g)ÔÚ1.0dm3µÄÈÝÆ÷ÄÚ»ìºÏ£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãÿÃëÖÓ¡¢Ã¿µ¥Î»Ìå»ýÄÚ·Ö×ÓÅöײµÄ×ÜÊý¡£ÉèO2(g)ºÍH2(g)ΪӲÇò·Ö×Ó£¬ÆäÖ±¾¶·Ö±ðΪ0.339nmºÍ0.247nm¡£

½â£º cO2?nO2/V?(1000/32)mol?m?3?31.25mol?m?3

cH2?nH2/V?(100/2)mol?m?3?50mol?m?3 dAB=(3.39+2.47)/2¡Á10-10m=2.93¡Á10-10m

MO2?MH2MO2?MH21/2???32?2?10?3kg?mol?1?1.88?10?3kg?mol?1 32?21/2?8RT???????ZAB?8?8.314?300???m?s?1?1837.4m?s?1 ?3??3.14?1.88?10?1/2?8RT???dL??cAcB

????22AB353?1?3.14?(2.93?10?10m)2(6.023?1023mol-1)2(1837.4m?s?1)(31.25mol?m?3)(50mol?m?3)?2.8?10(m?s)

N20. ÒÑÖªÒÒȲÆøÌåµÄÈÈ·Ö½âÊǶþ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ÆäÄÜ·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÁÙ½çÄÜΪ190.4 kJ¡¤mol-1£¬·Ö×ÓÖ±¾¶Îª0.5nm£¬ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺 (1) (2) (3)

800K, 101.325kPaʱµ¥Î»Ê±¼ä¡¢µ¥Î»Ìå»ýÄÚµÄÅöײÊý¡£ ÇóÉÏÊö·´Ó¦Ìõ¼þϵÄËÙÂʳ£Êý¡£ ÇóÉÏÊö·´Ó¦Ìõ¼þϵijõʼ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡£

320

½â£º (1)½«ÒÒȲÓÃA±íʾ¡£ÔÚ800K, 101.325kPaʱAµÄŨ¶ÈΪ

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

[A]?p101325Pa??15.23mol?m?3 ?1?1RT(8.314J?K?mol)?800K2ZAA?2?dAAL2RT[A]2 ?MA?2?3.14?(0.5?10?9m)2?(6.02?1023mol?1)2

(8.314J?K?1?mol?1)?800K??(15.23mol?m?3)2 ?3?13.14?26?10kg?mol?3.77?1034m?3?s?1

2L(2) k(T)?2?dAART?E??exp??c? ?MA?RT? ?2?3.14?(0.5?10?9m)2?(6.02?1023mol?1)

(8.314J?K?1?mol?1)?800K??190400???exp?? ?3?13.14?26?10kg?mol8.314?800?? ?9.96?10?5mol?1?m3?s?1

(3) r?k[A]2?(9.96?10?5mol?1?m3?s?1)?(15.23mol?m?3)2?0.023mol?m?3?s?1 N21. ÉèN2O5(g)µÄ·Ö½âΪһ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈϲâµÃµÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýkÖµÈçϱíËùʾ£º T/K k/min-1

273 4.7¡Á10-5

298 2.0¡Á10-3

318 3.0¡Á10-2

338 0.30

ÊÔ´ÓÕâЩÊý¾ÝÇ󣺰¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹¾­ÑéʽÖеÄÖ¸ÊýÇ°Òò×ÓA£¬ÊµÑé»î»¯ÄÜEa£¬ÔÚ273Kʱ¹ý¶É

???̬ÀíÂÛÖеÄ??rSmºÍ?rHm¡£

½â£º ¸ù¾Ý°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹¹«Ê½lnk?lnA?Ea RT¡Á1013s-1, Ea=103kJ¡¤mol-1¡£

´úÈë¸÷×éʵÑéÊý¾ÝÇóAºÍEaµÄֵȻºóȡƽ¾ùÖµ£¬»òÒÔlnk¶Ô1/T×÷ͼ£¬´Ó½Ø¾àlnAÖÐÇóµÃAÖµ£¬´ÓбÂÊ-Ea/RÖÐÇóµÃEaÖµ£¬¿ÉµÃÏàͬµÄ½á¹û£¬¼´A=

$ ??rHm?Ea?(1???i)RT?Ea?RT

?=103kJ¡¤mol-1-(8.314J¡¤K-1¡¤mol-1)¡Á273K¡Á10-3 =100.7 kJ¡¤mol-1

ÔÚ273Kʱ£¬k=4.7¡Á10-5min-1¡Ámin/60s=7.83¡Á10-7s-1

$???kBT$1?nrSm k?(c)exp?h?R?7?1?$????rHm?exp???RT?? ?$??????1.38?10?23?273J?100700J?mol?1rSm7.83?10s??exp?exp???? ?1?1?1?16.63?10?34J?s8.314J?K?mol8.314J?K?mol?273K????$?1?1½âµÃ ??rSm?7.8J?K?mol

N22. ËɽÚÓÍÝÆ£¨ÒºÌ壩µÄÏûÐý×÷ÓÃÊÇÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ458KºÍ510KʱµÄËÙÂʳ£Êý·Ö±ð

321

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

Ϊ2.2¡Á10-5ºÍ3.07¡Á10-3min-1£¬ÊÔÇó·´Ó¦ÊµÑé»î»¯ÄÜEa£¬ÔÚƽ¾ùζÈʱ»î»¯ìʺͻìØ¡£ ?RTT?k2?8.314J?K?1?mol?1?458K?510K?3.07?10?312½â£º Ea??=184.43kJ¡¤mol-1 ?ln???ln?5510K?458K?2.2?10?T2?T1?k1?Tƽ¾ù=(510+458)K/2=484K Çó³öÔÚƽ¾ùζÈʱµÄkÖµ lnk(484K)Ea?T2?T1????

k(510K)R?TT12?´úÈëÊý¾Ý£¬½âµÃ k(484K)=2.97¡Á10-4min-1=4.95¡Á10-6s-1

$ ??rHm?Ea?(1???i)RT?Ea?RT?=184.43kJ¡¤mol-1-(8.314J¡¤K-1¡¤mol-1)¡Á484K¡Á10-3=180.41kJ¡¤mol-1

$???kBT$1?nrSmk?(c)exp?h?R?r$m?$????rHm?exp???RT?? ?$khc$??rHm?S?Rln?

kBTT4.95?10?6?6.63?10?34?1180410J?mol?1 ?S?8.314J?K?mol?ln?1.38?10?23?484484K?r$m?1?1?22.25J?K?1?mol?1

$?$?$-1-1??rGm??rHm?T?rSm?[180410?484?22.25]J?mol?169641J?mol

N23. ÔÚ298KʱÓÐÁ½¸ö¼¶ÊýÏàͬµÄ»ùÔª·´Ó¦AºÍB£¬Æä»î»¯ìÊÏàͬ£¬µ«ËÙÂʳ£ÊýkA=10kB£¬ÇóÁ½¸ö·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ìØÏà²î¶àÉÙ£¿

$???kBT$1?nrSm½â£º ÒÑÖª k?(c)exp?h?R?$????rHm?exp???RT?? ??$?$kA?rSm,A??rSm,Bln? kBR??BASmln10?

8.314J?K?1?mol?1??1?1?BASm?19.14J?K?mol

N24. ij»ùÔª·´Ó¦A(g)+B(g)¡úP(g)£¬ÉèÔÚ298KʱµÄËÙÂʳ£Êýkp(298K)= 2.777¡Á10-5Pa-1¡¤s-1£»308Kʱ£¬kp(308K)=5.55¡Á10-5Pa-1¡¤s-1¡£ÈôA(g)ºÍB(g)µÄÔ­×Ӱ뾶ºÍĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ£ºrA=0.36nm£¬rB=0.41nm£¬MA=28g¡¤mol-1£¬MB=71g¡¤mol-1¡£ÊÔÇóÔÚ298Kʱ£º (1)¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ¸ÅÂÊÒò×ÓP£»

??(2)·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ìÊ??rHm¡¢»î»¯ìØ?rSmºÍ»î»¯Gibbs×ÔÓÉÄÜ?rGm¡£

½â£º (1)Çó¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ¸ÅÂÊÒò×ÓP£¬Ó¦°´ÅöײÀíÂÛÇó³öËÙÂʳ£Êý¡£

?8RT??Ec?k??dL??exp??? ??RT????2AB1/2 322

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

dAB=(3.6+4.1)/¡Á10-10m=7.7¡Á10-10m

M?MB28?71??A??10?3kg?mol?1?20.08?10?3kg?mol?1

MA?MB28?71?8RT???????1/2?8?8.314?298???m?s?1?560.7m?s?1 ?3??3.14?20.08?10?1/2¶Ô¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦ kc?kp?RT Ôò

kc(298K)=2.777¡Á10-5¡Á8.314¡Á298(mol¡¤m-3)-1¡¤s-1=6.88¡Á10-2(mol¡¤m-3)-1¡¤s-1

kp,2T28.314J?K?1?mol?1?298K?308KRTT5.55?10?5?30812 Ea??ln??lnT2?T1kp,1T1308K?298K2.777?10?5?298=55.357kJ¡¤mol-1 Ec=Ea-(1/2)RT=55357J¡¤mol-1-8.314¡Á298/2 J¡¤mol-1=54118 J¡¤mol-1

?8RT??Ec?k??dL?exp???RT? ??????2AB1/2=3.14¡Á(7.7¡Á10-10)2¡Á6.023¡Á1023¡Á560.7¡Áexp[-54118/(8.314¡Á298)] (mol¡¤m-3)-1¡¤s-1 =20.52¡Á10-2(mol¡¤m-3)-1¡¤s-1 P=k(ʵÑé)/k(ÀíÂÛ)= 6.88¡Á10-2/20.52¡Á10-2=0.335

$(2) ??rHm?Ea?nRT

=55357J¡¤mol-1-2¡Á8.314¡Á298J¡¤mol-1=50402J¡¤mol-1

$?$???????r?HmkBT$1?nrSmk?(c)exp??exp??

hRRT????$khc$??rHm?S?Rln?

kBTT?r$m6.88?10?2?6.63?10?34?100050402J?mol?1 ?S?8.314J?K?mol?ln?1.38?10?23?298298K?r$m?1?1??40.58J?K?1?mol?1¡£

$?$?$-1-1??rGm??rHm?T?rSm?[50402?298?(?40.58)]J?mol?62496J?mol

N25. Óò¨³¤Îª313nmµÄµ¥É«¹âÕÕÉäÆø̬±ûͪ£¬·¢ÉúÏÂÁзֽⷴӦ (CH3)2CO + h?¡úC2H6 + CO

Èô·´Ó¦³ØÈÝÁ¿ÊÇ0.059dm3¡£±ûͪÎüÊÕÈëÉä¹âµÄ·ÖÊýΪ0.915£¬ÔÚ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖУ¬µÃµ½ÏÂÁÐÊý¾Ý£º

·´Ó¦Î¶ȣº840K ÕÕÉäʱ¼ä£ºt=7h

ÆðʼѹÁ¦£º102.16kPa ÈëÉäÄÜ£º 48.1¡Á10-4J¡¤s-1 ÖÕÁËѹÁ¦£º104.42 kPa ¼ÆËã´Ë·´Ó¦µÄÁ¿×ÓЧÂÊ¡£ ½â£º Á¿×ÓЧÂÊ ??ijһʱ¼äÄÚÆð·´Ó¦µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿

Ïàͬʱ¼äÄÚÎüÊÕ¹â×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿323

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

±ûͪ·Ö×Ó·Ö½â³ÉÁ½¸ö·Ö×Ó£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö¼ÓÁË1±¶£¬ËùÒÔÆð·´Ó¦µÄ±ûͪµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ó¦ºÍ·´Ó¦Ç°ºóѹÁ¦Ôö¼Ó¶ÔÓ¦µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ£¬¼´

(104.42?102.16)kPa?5.9?10?5m3??1.91?10?5mol n·´?nÖÕ?nʼ???1?1(8.314J?K?mol)?840KRTRTpÖÕVpʼV(6.023?1023mol?1)?(6.626?10?34J?s)?(2.998?108m?s?1)1Ħ¶û¹â×ÓµÄÄÜÁ¿Îª u? ??313?10?9mLhc =3.822¡Á105J¡¤mol-1

(48.1?10?4J?s?1)?7h?3600s?h?1?0.915ÎüÊÕ¹â×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª n¹â×Ó??2.902?10?4mol 5?13.822?10J?mol ??n·´/n¹â×Ó?(1.91?10?5mol)/(2.902?10?4mol)?0.065

N26. O3µÄ¹â»¯·Ö½â·´Ó¦Àú³ÌÈçÏ£º

Ia(1)O3?h????O2?O*

k2(2)O*?O3???2O2

k3?O?h? (3)O*??k4(4)O?O2?M???O3?M

É赥λʱ¼ä¡¢µ¥Î»Ìå»ýÖÐÎüÊÕ¹âÇ¿¶ÈΪIa¡£?Ϊ¹ý³Ì(1)µÄÁ¿×Ó²úÂÊ£¬??µÄÁ¿×Ó²úÂÊ¡£ (1) (2)

ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷

1d[O2]/IaΪ×Ü·´Ó¦dt??k3?1?1??? 3??k2[O3]?ÈôÒÔ250.7nmµÄ¹âÕÕÉäʱ£¬

1??0.588?0.811£¬ÊÔÇó?¼°k2/k3µÄÖµ¡£ [O3]½â£º (1)

d[O2]??Ia?2k2[O*][O3]?k4[O][O2][M] ¢Ù dt[O*]¡¢[O]ÓÃÎÈ̬·¨À´Çó

d[O*] ??Ia?k2[O*][O3]?k3[O*]?0 dt?Ia*]? [O ¢Ú k2[O3?]k3

d[O]*?k3[O?]k4[O][M]?[ ] 0 ¢Û 2Odtd[O2]??Ia?2k2[O*][O3]?k3[O*] dt?Ia3k2[O3]??Ia? ??Ia?(2k2[O3]?k3)?

k2[O3]?k3k2[O3]?k3½«¢Ú¡¢¢Ûʽ´úÈë¢ÙʽµÃ

324

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

??

1?3k2[O3]d[O2]/dt??? Iak2[O3]?k3?k3?1?k2[O3]?k3?1??1?????¡£

3??k2[O3]?3??k2[O3]??0.588?0.81(2)ÒÑÖª

1?k3?111?£¬¶ÔÕÕ?1???µÃ [O3]?3??k2[O3]?11k3?0.58£¬8 ??0.81 3?3?k2?½âµÃ ?=0.567£¬ k3/k2=1.378£¬ k2/k3=0.726¡£

H?C+D£¬ÒÑÖª¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʹ«Ê½Îª N27. ÓÐÒ»Ëá´ß»¯·´Ó¦A+B??

d[C]?k[H?][A][B] dtµ±[A]0=[B]0=0.01mol¡¤dm-3ʱ£¬ÔÚpH=2µÄÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÔÚ298Kʱ·´Ó¦µÄ°ëË¥ÆÚΪ1h£¬ÈôÆäËüÌõ¼þ¾ù²»±ä£¬ÔÚ288KʱµÄt1/2Ϊ2h£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËã

(1) (2) ½â£º (1)

ÔÚ298Kʱ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýkÖµ¡£

ÔÚ298Kʱ·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯¼ª²¼Ë¹×ÔÓÉÄÜ¡¢»î»¯ìÊ¡¢»î»¯ìØ£¨ÉèkBT/h=1013s-1£©¡£

d[C]?k[H?][A][B]?k'[A][B] dt11??100(mol?dm?3)?1?h? 1?3a?t12(0.01mol?dm)?1h¶ÔÓÚ[A]0=[B]0µÄ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ298Kʱ k'?k'100(mol?dm?3)?1?h?1k(298K)???1?104(mol?dm?3)?2?h?1 ??3[H]0.01mol?dm =2.778(mol¡¤dm-3)-2¡¤s-1

$????kBTrGm(2) k(298K)?exp?h?RT?$1?n?(c) ?¦¨-2

$????rGm2.778(mol¡¤dm)¡¤s=1¡Á10 s¡Á(c)¡Áexp??RT-3-2-113-1

?? ?$??rGm??RTln2.778?71.631kJ?mol?1 1310ÔÚÆäËüÌõ¼þ¾ù²»±ä£¬Ö»ÓÐζȲ»Í¬µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¶Ôͬһ·´Ó¦µÄ»ý·Ö·½³ÌÓÐ k(298K)t(298K)= k(288K)t(288K)

k(298K)t(28K8)?

k(288K)t(29K8)Ea?

RT1T2k2RT1T2tR?288K?298K2hln?ln1?ln?49.46kJ?mol?1 T2?T1k1T2?T1t2298K?288K1h325

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

$=46.98kJ¡¤mol-1 ??rHm?Ea?(1???i)RT?Ea?RT$?$??rHm??rGm?S???82.7J?K?1?mol?1

T?r$m?N28. ijÓлú»¯ºÏÎïA£¬ÔÚËáµÄ´ß»¯Ï·¢ÉúË®½â·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ323K£¬pH=5µÄÈÜÒºÖнøÐÐʱ£¬Æä°ëË¥ÆÚΪ69.3min£¬ÔÚpH=4µÄÈÜÒºÖнøÐÐʱ£¬Æä°ëË¥ÆÚΪ6.93min£¬ÇÒÖªÔÚÁ½¸öpHÖµµÄ¸÷×ÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬t1/2¾ùÓëAµÄ³õʼŨ¶ÈÎ޹أ¬Éè·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ

?ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺(1)?£¬?µÄÖµ¡£

d[A]?k[A]?[H?]? dt(2) ÔÚ323Kʱ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʳ£Êýk¡£

(3) ÔÚ323Kʱ£¬ÔÚpH=3µÄË®ÈÜÒºÖУ¬AË®½â80%Ðè¶àÉÙʱ¼ä£¿

½â£º ?d[A]?k[A]?[H?]??k'[A]? dt(1)ÒòΪt1/2¾ùÓëAµÄ³õʼŨ¶ÈÎ޹أ¬ËùÒÔ?=1£¬ÀûÓò»Í¬µÄËáŨ¶ÈºÍ°ëË¥ÆÚ¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£¬È·¶¨ÁíÒ»¸ö¼¶Êý

n?1?ln(t12/t1'2)ln(a'/a)?1?ln(69.3/6.93)?2

ln(10?4/10?5) ??n???2?1?1 (2) t1?2ln2ln2? k'k[H?] k?(3) t?ln2ln21??1000(mol?dm?3)?1?min? ??5?3t12[H]69.3min?10mol?dm1111ln?ln?1.61min¡£ k[H?]1?y(1000?10?3)min?11?0.8T1. ijһ¼¶·´Ó¦½øÐÐ10 minºó£¬·´Ó¦Îï·´Ó¦µô30£¥¡£ÎÊ·´Ó¦µô50£¥Ðè¶àÉÙʱ¼ä£¿ ½â£º ÓÉÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦ËÙ·½³ÌµÃ

cA, 01c111k?lnA, 0?ln?ln?0.0357 min?1

tcA10mincA, 0?0.3cA, 010min1?0.3t1/2?1n2ln2??19.4 min k0.0357min?1T2. ¶ÔÓÚÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷ת»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½87.5%ËùÐèʱ¼äΪת»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½50£¥ËùÐèʱ¼äµÄ3±¶¡£¶ÔÓÚ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦ÓÖӦΪ¶àÉÙ£¿ ½â£º ת»¯ÂÊ??cA, 0?cAcA, 0?1?cA£¬Éèת»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½50£¥ËùÐèʱ¼äΪt1£¬×ª»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½cA, 087.5£¥ËùÐèʱ¼äΪt2¡£

326

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

Ò»¼¶·´Ó¦£ºkt?lnµÃ t??cA, 0cA?lncA, 0cA, 0?cA, 0??ln1 1??ln(1??) ktln(1??2)ln(1?0.875)??3 Òò´Ë 2?t1ln(1??1)ln(1?0.5)1?11?1?cA, 0?cA?1??¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£º t??? ???????k?cc?kck?cckc(1??)A, 0?AA, 0?A?AA, 0?Òò´Ë

t2?2(1??1)0.875?0.5???7 t1?1(1??2)0.5?0.125T3. żµª¼×Íé £¨CH3NNCH3£©ÆøÌåµÄ·Ö½â·´Ó¦

CH3NNCH3 (g)???C2H6 (g)+N2 (g)

Ϊһ¼¶·´Ó¦¡£ÔÚ287 ¡æµÄÕæ¿ÕÃܱպãÈÝÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë³õʼѹÁ¦Îª21.332 kPaµÄżµª¼×ÍéÆøÌ壬·´Ó¦½øÐÐ1000 s ʱ²âµÃϵͳµÄ×ÜѹΪ22.732 kPa£¬ÇóËÙÂʳ£Êýk¼°°ëË¥ÆÚt1/2¡£

½â£º Éètʱ¿ÌCH3NNCH3 (g)µÄ·ÖѹΪp£¬

CH3NNCH3 (g)???C2H6 (g)+ N2(g) t?0 p0?21.332 kPa 0 0 t?1000 s p p0?p p0?p

Ôò t?1000 sʱ£¬p×Ü£½p?2(p0?p)?2p0?p?22.732 kPa£¬¶øp0?21.332 kPa ËùÒÔ p?19.932 kPa

¶ÔÓÚÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖеÄÆøÏ෴ӦʹÓ÷ÖѹÐÎʽµÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì£ºln1p121.332ln?6.79?10?5 s?1 k?ln0?tp1000 s19.932p0?kt£¬ÓÚÊÇ p t1/2?ln2ln2??1.02?104 s ?5?1k6.79?10 s?²úÎ³õʼËÙÂÊΪ 1?10?3 mol ? dm?3?min?1,1hºóËÙÂÊΪT4. ijһ¼¶·´Ó¦A??0.25?10?3 mol ? dm?3?min?1¡£Çók£¬t1/2ºÍ³õʼŨ¶ÈcA,0¡£

½â£º¸ù¾ÝÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì v??(µÃ

kccAv?AA? v0kAcA, 0cA, dcAdc)t?kAcA , v0??(A)t?0?kAcA,0 dtdt01cA, 01v011?10?3?ln?ln?0.0231 min?1 ´úÈëÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ·½³Ì»ý·ÖʽµÃk?ln?3tcAtv60 min0.25?10

327

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

ÓÚÊÇ t1/2? cA, 0ln2ln2 n??30 mi1k0.0231 ?minv01?10?3?3?3 ?? mol ? dm?0.0433 mol ? dmk0.0231 min?1?C£¬Á½ÖÖ·´Ó¦ÎïµÄ³õʼŨ¶È½ÔΪ 1 mol ? dm?3£¬¾­10 minT5. ij¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦A+B??ºó·´Ó¦µô25£¥£¬Çók¡£

½â£º ÓÉÓÚAºÍB µÄ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýºÍ³õʼŨ¶ÈÏàͬ£¬Òò´ËÔÚ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐcA?cB¡£ ¹Ê ?11dcA2??kt £¬Óɶþ¼¶·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌµÄ»ý·Öʽ ?kcAcB?kcAcAcA, 0dt?1?1?11?µÃ k???t??????c?c(1?0.25c)c??A, ?0A, 0?A??t?A, 1 3ct0A, 0?1

dm3 ? mol?1 ? min?1?0.0333 mol?1 ? dm3 ? min?1

3?1?10?C¡£¿ªÊ¼Ê±·´Ó¦ÎïA Óë BµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ£¬Ã»ÓвúÎïT6. ijÈÜÒºÖз´Ó¦A + B??C¡£1 hºóA µÄת»¯ÂÊΪ75£¥£¬ÎÊ2 hºóAÉÐÓжàÉÙδ·´Ó¦£¿¼ÙÉ裺 £¨1£© ¶ÔA Ϊһ¼¶£¬¶ÔB ΪÁ㼶 £¨2£© ¶ÔA , B ½ÔΪһ¼¶¡£

½â£º ÓÃ?±íʾA µÄת»¯ÂÊ£¬t1£¬t2ʱ¿ÌµÄת»¯ÂÊ·Ö±ðΪ??£¬??¡£ £¨1£© µ±·´Ó¦¶Ô A Ϊһ¼¶£¬¶ÔB ΪÁ㼶ʱ£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ ?cA, 0dcA?kt ?kcA£¬»ý·ÖÐÎʽΪ ln?cAdtÒòΪ lnËùÒÔ

cA, 0cA?lncA, 0cA, 0(1??)??ln(1??)?kt

t2ln(1??2)? t1ln(1??1)¹Ê 1??2?(1??1)t2/t1?(1?0.75)2?0.0625?6.25%

£¨2£© µ±·´Ó¦¶ÔA ,B¾ùΪһ¼¶£¬ÇÒAÓëBµÄ³õʼŨ¶ÈÏàͬʱ£¬ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ ?ÒòΪ ËùÒÔ

11dcA2?kt , »ý·ÖÐÎʽΪ??kcAcB?kcAcAcA£¬dt 01111??????kt cAcA, 0cA, 0(1??)cA, 0cA, 0(1??)?2?1?

t2(1??2)(1??1)t1?2?1t20.75???2?6 1??21??1t11?0.75328

ÉÏʽ±äÐÎΪ

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

¹Ê ?2?61 £¬ 1??2??0.143?14.3%

77k2-1-31????T7. ·´Ó¦A(g)????B(g)+C(g)ÖУ¬ k1ºÍk-1ÔÚ25 ¡æʱ·Ö±ðΪ0.20sºÍ3.9477?10 kMPa-1?s-1£¬ÔÚ35 ¡æʱ¶þÕß½ÔÔöΪ2±¶¡£ÊÔÇó£º

(1) 25 ¡æʱµÄ·´Ó¦Æ½ºâ³£ÊýK$£» (2) Õý ¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜ¡¢·´Ó¦ÈÈQ£»

(3) ÈôÉÏÊö·´Ó¦ÔÚ25 ¡æµÄºãÈÝÌõ¼þϽøÐÐ,ÇÒAµÄÆðʼѹÁ¦Îª100 kPa.ÈôҪʹ×ÜѹÁ¦´ïµ½152 kPa,ÎÊÐèÒª·´Ó¦¶à³¤Ê±¼ä? ½â: (1) ¶ÔÓÚ·´Ó¦ÓÐ K?k1 k?1k10.2 s?1??50.66 MPa Ôò K?k?13.9477?10?3 MPa?1 ? s?1 K?K(p)$$??vBB?50.66 MPa?(100 kPa)?(1?1?1)?506.6

?1?2k?1, (2) µ±Î¶ÈÉý¸ßʱ,Õý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£Êý¾ùÔö¼Ó2±¶,¼´ k1??2k1£»k?¶økc?kp(RT)n?1£¬Õý·´Ó¦ÎªÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦£¬Ä淴ӦΪ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬ËùÒÔ

kp, 1kc, 18.314 J ? mol?1 ? K?1?ln2

Ea, 1???????52.95 kJ ? mol?1111111???T2T1T2T1308.15 K298.15 KRlnkc?, 1Rlnk?p, 1kp,1T1kc,?18.314 J ? mol?1 ? K?1?ln2.067E a, ?1???????55.46 kJ ? mol?1111111???T2T1T2T1308.15 K298.15 KRlnkc?,?1Rlnk?p,1T2

Q?Ea, 1?Ea, ?1?(52.95?55.46) kJ ? mol?1??2.51 kJ ? mol?1

k1???? (3) A(g) ???? B(g) + C(g) k?1

t?0 100 kPa 0 0 t?t 100 kPa?p p p

ÓÉ p×Ü?100 kPa?p?p?p?100 kPa+p=152 kPa£¬ µÃ p?52 kPa ÒòΪ

dp?k1pA?k?1pBpC?k1(100 kPa?p)?k?1p2£¬pµÄÊýÖµ±ä»¯²»´ó, ÇÒdtdp?k1(100 kPa?p),½«ÉÏʽÒÆÏî²¢Á½±ßdtk1/[k1]?k?1/[k?1]£¬ËùÒÔk1(100 kPa?p)?k?1p2,

»ý·Ö ?0

ptdp??k1dt 0100 kPa?p329

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

µÃ ln100 kPa?k1t

100 kPa?p1100 kPa1100ln??ln?3.67 s k1100 kPa?p0.20 s?1100?52ËùÒÔ t??DµÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ ?T8. ·´Ó¦ A+2B??dcA0.51.5?kcAcB dt(1) cA, 0?0.1 mol ? dm?3,cB,0?0.2 mol ? dm?3£»300 KÏ·´Ó¦20 sºó??? cA?0.01 mol ? dm?3,ÎʼÌÐø·´Ó¦20 sºócA???0.003918 mol ? dm?3,Çó»î»¯ÄÜ¡£(2) ³õʼŨ¶ÈͬÉÏ,ºãÎÂ400 KÏ·´Ó¦20 sºó,cA

½â: (1) AºÍBµÄ³õʼŨ¶È±È·ûºÏ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È,¹Ê·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐʼÖÕ´æÔÚcB?2cAµÄŨ¶È¹Øϵ,Ôò

?dcA0.51.50.50.5?1.52 ?kcAcB?kcA(2cA)1.5?(k?21.5)cA?k?cAdt1?11?1?11????? dm3 ? mol?1 ? s?1 ????t1??cAcA, 0?20?0.010.1?Éè 300 KϵÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýΪ k1? ,Ôò

k1?? ?4.5 dm3 ? mol?1 ? s?1 µ±¼ÌÐø·´Ó¦ 20 sʱ,t2?40 s,

11?1???k1?t2???4.5?40? dm3 ? mol?1?190 dm3 ? mol?1 ?cA, 0cA?0.1???0.00526 mol ? dm?3 cA? (2) Éè400 K ϵÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýΪk2?? k21111?11?(?)??? dm3 ? mol?1 ? s?1 ???cA, 0t1cA20?0.0039180.1? ?12.26 dm3 ? mol?1 ? s?1 Ea??Rln??11?k2/??? k1??T2T1?12.26?11????

4.5?400 K300 K? ??8.314 J ? mol?1 ? K?1?ln ?9.999 kJ ? mol?1

?2ABÓÐÈçÏ»úÀí, Çó¸÷»úÀíÒÔ vAB ±íʾµÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì¡£ T9. Èô·´Ó¦ A2+B2??k12???(1) A2???2A (Âý) , B2?????2B (¿ìËÙƽºâ,K2ºÜС)

k3?AB (¿ì) (k1 ÊÇÒÔcA ±ä»¯±íʾµÄËÙÂʳ£Êý) A+B??K 330

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

K2K1??????£¨2£© A2?????2B (½ÔΪ¿ìËÙƽºâ,K1 ,K2 ºÜС) ????2A ,B?k3?AB (Âý) A+B??k1k2 (3) A2+B2???A2B2 (Âý) ,A2B2???2AB (¿ì)

½â: (1) ÒÔ²úÎïAB ±íʾµÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ vAB?dcAB?k3cAcB dtÖмä²úÎïAÓëBµÄŨ¶ÈcA£¬cBÐèת»»Îª·´Ó¦ÎïA2£¬B2µÄŨ¶ÈcA2ÓëcB2¡£ÓÉÓÚ·´Ó¦ÎïAµÄÉú³ÉºÜÂý, ¶øÏûºÄÈ´ºÜ¿ì, ¹Ê¿ÉÒÔÈÏΪAºÜ»îÆÃ, ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÆäŨ¶ÈºÜСÇÒ²»±ä¡£BÔÚ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐʼÖÕÓëB2±£³Öƽºâ, ¼´ÏûºÄµÄB¿ÉËæʱµÃµ½B2µÄ²¹³ä. Òò´Ë±¾Ìâ²ÉÓÃÎÈ̬½üËÆ·¨´¦Àí¡£

k1cA2dcAÖмä²úÎïAµÄ¾»ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ ,½«´Ëʽ´úÈë²ú?k1cA2?k3cAcB?0 ,Ôò cA?k3cBdtÎï±íʾµÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌÖÐ,µÃ vAB?k1cA2dcAB?k3cB?k1cA2 dtk3cB (2) ±¾ÌâÇ°Á½²½¾ù´¦ÓÚ¿ìËÙƽºâ,¶øµÚÈý²½×îÂý,ÊôÓÚµäÐ͵ÃÊÊÓÃƽºâ̬½üËÆ·¨´¦ÀíµÄ·´Ó¦»úÀí. Õû¸ö·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÈ¡¾öÓÚ×îÂý²½Öè,¹Ê

vAB?dcAB?k3cAcB dtÇ°Á½²½¾ùΪ¿ìËÙƽºâ·´Ó¦,²ÉÓÃƽºâ̬½üËÆ·¨´¦Àí,¿ÉµÃ

22cAcB1/2 K1? ,¼´ cA?(K1cA2)£»K2?,¼´ cB?K2cB2)1/2

cA2cB2½«cA,cB´úÈë·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌÖÐ,µÃ

1/21/21/21/21/2 vAB?k3(K1cA2)1/2(K2cB2)1/2?k3K1K2cA2cB2?kc1/2A2cB2 1/21/2ʽÖÐ, k?k3K1K2

(3) Öмä²úÎïA2B2µÄÉú³ÉËÙÂÊÂý¶øÏûºÄËÙÂÊ¿ì,ÊÇ»îÆõÄÖмä²úÎï,¹Ê²ÉÓÃÎÈ̬½üËÆ·¨´¦Àí¡£Éè k2ÊÇÒÔcAB±ä»¯(Éú³ÉËÙÂÊ)±íʾµÄËÙÂʳ£Êý,Ôò vAB?¶ø

dcA2cB2dtdcAB?k2cA2cB2 dt2k1k2cA2cB2?0, ½â³öcA2cB2?1cA2cB2

k22dcAB2k?k2cA2cB2?k21cA2cB2?2k1cA2cB2 dtk2?k1cA2cB2?´úÈëÔ­ËÙÂÊ·½³ÌÖÐ,ÓÐ vAB?T10. ÆøÏà·´Ó¦ H2+Cl2???2HCl µÄ»úÀíΪ

k1?2Cl?+M Cl2+M??k2+H2???HCl+H? Cl? 331

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

k3 H?+Cl2???HCl+Cl? k4 2Cl?+M???Cl2+M

?k?d[HCl] ÊÔÖ¤: ?2k2?1?[H2][Cl2]1/2

dt?k4? Ö¤: д³öÒÔ²úÎïHClµÄÉú³ÉËÙÂʱíʾµÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì,²¢Ó¦ÓÃÎÈ̬½üËÆ·¨¿ÉµÃ

1/2d[HCl]?k2[Cl?][H2]?k3[H?][Cl2] dtd[Cl?]?2k1[Cl2][M]?k2[Cl?][H2]?k3[H?][Cl2]?2k4[Cl?]2[M]?0 dtd[H?]?k2[Cl?][H2]?k3[H?][Cl2]?0 dt1/2?k?½âµÃ [Cl?]??1?[Cl2]1/2

?k4?k[Cl?][H2]k2?k1? [H?]?2???[H2][Cl2]?1/2

k1[Cl2]k3?k4??k?k?k?d[HCl]ËùÒÔ ?k2?1?[Cl2]1/2[H2]?k32?1?[H2][Cl2]?1/2[Cl2]

dtk3?k4??k4??k? ?2k2?1?[H2][Cl2]1/2

?k4?T11. ·´Ó¦H2+I2???2HIµÄ»úÀíΪ

k1I2+M???2I?+M Ea,1?150.6 kJ ? mol?1 k2H2+2I????2HI Ea,2?20.9 kJ ? mol?1 k32I?+M???I2+M Ea,3?0

1/21/21/21/2(1) (2)

ÍƵ¼¸ÃËÙÂÊ·½³Ì(k1,k2¾ùÊÇÒÔI?±íʾµÄËÙÂʳ£Êý)£» ¼ÆËã·´Ó¦µÄ±í¹Û»î»¯ÄÜ¡£

½â: (1) ÒÔ²úÎïµÄÉú³ÉËÙÂʱíʾµÄËÙÂÊ·½³ÌΪ

d[HI]?k2[H2][I?]2 dtd[I?]?k1[I2][M]?k2[H2][I?]2?k3[I?]2[M]?0 dt¶Ô»îÆÃ×ÔÓÉ»ùI?¿É²ÉÓÃÎÈ̬½üËÆ·¨´¦Àí: ¼´ [I?]2?k1[I2][M]

k2[H2]?k3[M]332

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

ÒòΪ Ea,3?0,Ea,2£¾0 ,ËùÒÔk2[H2]?k3?M?,k2[H]?k3[M]?k3[M] ¡£ ËùÒÔ

kk[I][M][H2]k1k2[I2][M][H2]d[HI]?k2[H2][I?]2?122? dtk2[H2]?k3[M]k3[M]k1k2[I2][H2]?k±í¹Û[I2][H2] k3 ? (2) k±í¹Û?k1k2 k3ËùÒÔ E±í¹Û?Ea,1?Ea,2?Ea,3?(150.6?20.9?0) kJ ? mol?1?171.5 kJ ? mol?1

T12. ÔÚ²¨³¤Îª214 nmµÄ¹âÕÕÉäÏÂ,·¢ÉúÏÂÁз´Ó¦:

hv HN3 + H2O???N2 + NH2OH

µ±ÎüÊÕ¹âµÄÇ¿¶ÈIa?0.0559 J ? dm?3 ? s?1,ÕÕÉä39.38 minºó,²âµÃ c(N2)?c(NH2OH)?24.1?10?5 mol ? dm?3¡£ÇóÁ¿×ÓЧÂÊ¡£

½â: ÓÉ·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ֪: NH2OH Éú³ÉµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÈÓÚ HN3 ·´Ó¦µôµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¡£ Á¿×ÓЧÂÊ??1 mol¹â×ÓµÄÄÜÁ¿E£º E?·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿

ËùÎüÊÕ¹â×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Lhc?0.1196???9??214?10??15?1? J ? mol?5.598?10 J ? mol ?1 dm3ÈÜÒºÖÐ,39.38 minʱ¼äÄÚËùÎüÊյĹâ×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª c(¹â×Ó)?Iat?0.0559?1?(39.38?60)??? mol ? dm?3?23.63?10?5 mol ? dm?3 5?E?5.589?10?c(NH2OH)24.1?10?5 mol ? dm?3??1.02 ËùÒÔ ???5?3c(¹â×Ó)23.63?10 mol ? dmÎå¡¢×Ô²âÌâ

£¨Ò»£©Ñ¡ÔñÌâ

1£® ·´Ó¦2A+B?E+2F·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ( )¡£

(A)

dcAdc1dcA1dcA£» (B) ?A£» (C) £» (D) ?¡£

2dt2dtdtdtkAkBkD£» (B) kA?kB?kD£» ??abd2£® Óмòµ¥·´Ó¦aA+bB?dD£¬ÒÑÖªa

(A)

(C) kA?kB?kD£» £¨D£©

kAkBkD??¡£ abd3£® ¹ØÓÚ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊv£¬±í´ï²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )¡£

333

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

(A) ÓëÌåϵµÄ´óСÎ޹ضøÓëŨ¶È´óСÓйأ» (B) ¿ÉΪÕýÖµÒ²¿ÉΪ¸ºÖµ£» (C) Óë·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽд·¨Óйأ» (D) ÓëÎïÖÊBµÄÑ¡ÔñÎ޹ء£ 4£® ÔÚÈ·¶¨µÄζȷ¶Î§ÄÚ£¬°¢Â×ÄáÎÚ˹¹«Ê½µÄÊÊÓÃÌõ¼þÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

£¨A£©½öÊÊÓÃÓÚ»ùÔª·´Ó¦£» £¨B£©¿ÉÓÃÓÚÈκη´Ó¦£» £¨C£©½öÊÊÓÃÓÚ¼òµ¥¼¶Êý·´Ó¦£» £¨D£©ÊÊÓÃÓÚÓÐÃ÷È·¼¶Êý¼°ËÙÂʳ£Êý£¬ÇÒÔÚ¸ÃŨ¶ÈÇø¼äÄڵĻÄܲ»Ëæζȱ仯µÄһЩ·´Ó¦¡£

5£® ij·´Ó¦£¬µ±ÆðʼŨ¶ÈÔö¼ÓÒ»±¶Ê±£¬·´Ó¦µÄ°ëË¥ÆÚÒ²Ôö´óÒ»±¶£¬´Ë·´Ó¦Îª£¨ £©¼¶·´Ó¦¡£

(A) 0£» (B) 1£» (C) 2£» £¨D£©3£»

6£® ·´Ó¦A+2D?3G£¬ÔÚ298K¼°2dm3ÈÝÆ÷ÖнøÐУ¬Èôijʱ¿Ì·´Ó¦½ø¶ÈËæʱ¼ä±ä»¯ÂÊΪ0.3mol?s-1£¬Ôò´ËʱGµÄÉú³ÉËÙÂÊΪ£¨ £©mol-1?dm3?s?1¡£

(A) 0.15£» (B) 0.9£» (C) 0.45£» (D) 0.2¡£ 7£® ij·´Ó¦ÔÚÓÐÏÞʱ¼äÄÚ¿É·´Ó¦ÍêÈ«£¬ËùÐèʱ¼äΪ

cA,0k£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýΪ£¨ £©¡£

(A) Á㣻 (B) Ò»£» (C) ¶þ£» £¨D) Èý¡£

8£® ij»ùÔª·´Ó¦2A(g)+B(g)?E(g)£¬½«2molµÄAÓë1molµÄB·ÅÈë1ÉýÈÝÆ÷ÖлìºÏ²¢·´Ó¦£¬ÄÇô·´Ó¦ÎïÏûºÄÒ»°ëʱµÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÓë·´Ó¦ÆðʼËÙÂʼäµÄ±ÈÖµÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

(A) 1:2£» (B) 1:4£» (C) 1:6£» (D) 1:8¡£ 9£® ¹ØÓÚ·´Ó¦¼¶Êý£¬Ëµ·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

(A) Ö»ÓлùÔª·´Ó¦µÄ¼¶ÊýÊÇÕýÕûÊý£» (B) ·´Ó¦¼¶Êý²»»áСÓÚÁ㣻 (C) ´ß»¯¼Á²»»á¸Ä±ä·´Ó¦¼¶Êý£» (D) ·´Ó¦¼¶Êý¶¼¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýʵÑéÈ·¶¨¡£ 10£® ij·´Ó¦£¬Æä°ëË¥ÆÚÓëÆðʼŨ¶È³É·´±È£¬Ôò·´Ó¦Íê³É87.5%µÄʱ¼ät1Óë·´Ó¦Íê³É50%µÄʱ¼ät2Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØϵÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

(A) t1 = 2t2 £» (B) t1 = 4t2 £» (C) t1 = 7t2 £» (D) t1 = 5t2¡£ 11£® ÆðʼŨ¶È¶¼ÏàͬµÄÈý¼¶·´Ó¦µÄÖ±ÏßͼӦÊÇ( )£¬(cΪ·´Ó¦ÎïŨ¶È)¡£

£¨11Ìâͼ£©

12£® ÓÐÏàͬ³õʼŨ¶ÈµÄ·´Ó¦ÎïÔÚÏàͬµÄζÈÏ£¬¾­Ò»¼¶·´Ó¦Ê±£¬°ëË¥ÆÚΪt1£»Èô¾­

2¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬Æä°ëË¥ÆÚΪt'1£¬ÄÇô£¨ £©¡£

2£¨A£©t1?t'1£» £¨B£©t1?t'1£»

2222£¨C£©t1?t'1£» £¨D£©Á½Õß´óСÎÞ·¨È·¶¨¡£

22 334

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

13£® »ùÔª·´Ó¦A+B?2D£¬AÓëBµÄÆðʼŨ¶È·Ö±ðΪaºÍ2a£¬DΪ0£¬ÔòÌåϵ¸÷ÎïÖÊŨ¶ÈËæʱ¼ä±ä»¯Ê¾ÒâÇúÏßΪ£¨ £©¡£

£¨13Ìâͼ£©

14£® ÏÂÊöµÈεÈÈÝϵĻùÔª·´Ó¦·ûºÏÏÂͼµÄÊÇ£¨ £©¡£ (A) 2A?B?D£» (B) A?B?D£» (C) 2A?B?2D£»

(D) A?B?2D¡£ £¨14Ìâͼ£©

15£® ÓÒͼ»æ³öÎïÖÊ[G]¡¢[F]¡¢[E]µÄŨ¶ÈËæʱ¼ä±ä»¯µÄ¹æÂÉ£¬Ëù ¶ÔÓ¦µÄÁ¬´®·´Ó¦ÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

(A) G?F?E£» (B) E?F?G£» (C) G?E?F£» (D) F?G?E¡£

16£® ÒÒËá¸ßηֽâʱ£¬ÊµÑé²âµÃCH3COOH(A)¡¢CO(B)¡¢CH=CO(C) µÄŨ¶ÈËæʱ¼äµÄ±ä»¯ÇúÏßÈçÏÂͼ£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒԶ϶¨¸Ã·´Ó¦ÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

£¨A£©»ùÔª·´Ó¦£» (B) ¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦£»

(C) ƽÐз´Ó¦£» (D) Á¬´®·´Ó¦¡£ £¨16Ìâͼ£©

k1k1cBk2???K??B???C17£® ¶Ô¸´ÔÓ·´Ó¦A??£¬¿ÉÓÃƽºâ½üËÆ´¦Àíʱ£¬£¬ÎªÁ˲»ÖÂ?k?1k?1cA £¨15Ìâͼ£©

ÈÅÂÒ¿ìËÙƽºâ£¬¢ÙB?C±ØΪÂý²½Ö裻¢ÚB?C±ØΪ¿ì²½Ö裻¢Û k-1 = k1£»¢Ü k-1 >> k2£»¢Ý k-1 << k2£¬ÆäÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

(A) ¢Ù £» (B) ¢Ú¢Û £» (C) ¢Ù¢Ý £» (D) ¢Ù¢Ü¡£

???BµÄÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦¾ùΪ»ùÔª·´Ó¦£¬ÇҸ÷´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýËæζÈÉý18£® ¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦A???k?1k1¸ß¶ø¼õС£¬Ôò£¨ £©¡£

(A) Ea1?Ea-1£» (B) Ea1?Ea-1£» (C) Ea1?Ea-1£» (D)²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨¡£

M?N£¬19£® ÔÚºãÈݵķâ±ÕÌåϵÖнøÐжÔÖÅ·´Ó¦£ºMÓëNµÄ³õʼŨ¶È·Ö±ðΪcM,0?a£¬

cN,0?0£¬·´Ó¦ÖÕÁËʱ£¬ÈÏΪ(1)cMÄܽµµÍµ½Á㣻(2)cM²»¿ÉÄܽµµÍµ½Á㣻(3)cN¿ÉµÈÓÚcM,0£»

335

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

(4)cNÖ»ÄÜСÓÚcM,0¡£ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£º£¨ £©¡£

(A) (1)(3) £» (B) (2)(4) £» (C) (1)(4) £» (D) (3)(4) ¡£ 20£® Ò»¼¶Æ½Ðз´Ó¦ A ??CËÙÂʳ£ÊýkÓëζÈTµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÏÂÁÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )¡£

(A) E1?E2£¬A1?A2£» (B) E1?E2£¬A1?A2£» (C) E1?E2£¬A1?A2£» (D) E1?E2£¬A1?A2£»

21£® Èç¹ûijһ·´Ó¦µÄ?rUmΪ?100kJ?mol?1£¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜEaÊÇ£¨ £©¡£ (A) Ea??100kJ?mol?1£» (B) Ea??100kJ?mol?1£» (C) Ea??100kJ?mol?1£» (D) ÎÞ·¨È·¶¨ ¡£

k1k2?B???D£¬ËÈÖªE1?E2£¬ÈôÌá¸ß²úÆ·Öмä²úÎïBµÄ°Ù·Ö22£® ¶ÔÓÚÁ¬´®·´Ó¦A?? ?B £¨19Ìâͼ£©

Êý£¬Ó¦£¨ £©¡£

£¨A£©Ôö¼ÓÔ­ÁÏA£» (B) ¼°Ê±ÒÆÈ¥D£» (C) ½µµÍζȣ» (D) Éý¸ßζȡ£ 23£® ij·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜÊÇ33kJ?mol?1£¬µ±T=300Kʱ£¬Î¶ÈÔö¼Ó1K£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʳ£ÊýÔö¼ÓµÄ°Ù·ÖÊýԼΪ£º£¨ £©¡£

(A) 4.5£¥£» (B) 9.4£¥£» (C) 11£¥£» (D) 50£¥¡£ 24£® ¸ù¾Ý¹â»¯µ±Á¿¶¨ÂÉ£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ £©¡£ (A) ÔÚÕû¸ö¹â»¯¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ò»¸ö¹â×ÓÖ»Äܻһ¸öÔ­×Ó»ò·Ö×Ó£» (B) Ôڹ⻯·´Ó¦µÄ³õ¼¶¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ò»¸ö¹â×ӻ1molÔ­×Ó»ò·Ö×Ó£» (C) Ôڹ⻯·´Ó¦µÄ³õ¼¶¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ò»¸ö¹â×ӻһ¸öÔ­×Ó»ò·Ö×Ó£»

(D) Ôڹ⻯·´Ó¦µÄ³õ¼¶¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ò»°®Òò˹̹ÄÜÁ¿µÄ¹â×ӻһ¸öÔ­×Ó»ò·Ö×Ó¡£ 25£® ÆÆ»µ³ôÑõµÄ·´Ó¦»úÀíΪ£ºNO+O3?NO2+O2£¬NO2+O?NO+O2£¬ÆäÖÐNOÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

(A) ×Ü·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦Î (B) Öмä²úÎ (C) ´ß»¯¼Á£» (D) ×ÔÓÉÄÜ¡£ 26£® ÏÂÁй⻯ѧ·´Ó¦ÖУ¬¹âµÄÁ¿×Ó²úÂʦÕ×î´óµÄÊÇ£¨ £©¡£ (A) 2HI?H2+I2£» (B) 3O2?2O3£» (C) H2+Cl2?2HCl£» (D) H2S?H2+S?g?¡£ 27£® ´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ£¨ £©¡£

£¨A£©¼Ó¿ìÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£¬½µµÍÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£» £¨B£© Ìá¸ß·´Ó¦Îïƽºâת»¯ÂÊ£» £¨C£©Ëõ¶Ì·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ¼ä£» £¨D£© ½µµÍ·´Ó¦Ñ¹Á¦¡£

28£®Í¨¹ýʵÑé²â¶¨Ä³Ò»·´Ó¦£¨ÄÜÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£©µÄ»î»¯ÄÜʱ£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈT1£¬T2ϽøÐеÄÁ½´ÎʵÑé¾ù´ÓÏàͬµÄ³õʼŨ¶È¿ªÊ¼£¬²¢¶¼´ïµ½ÏàͬµÄת»¯ÂÊ¡£ÈôÁ½´ÎʵÑéËùÐèµÄʱ¼ä·Ö±ð

336

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

Ϊt1ºÍt2£¬Ôò·´Ó¦ÎªÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦Ê±ËùÇóµÃµÄ»î»¯ÄÜEa,1£¨ £©·´Ó¦Îª¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦Ê±ËùÇóµÃµÄ»î»¯ÄÜEa,2¡£

£¨A£©´óÓÚ£» £¨B£© µÈÓÚ£» £¨C£©Ð¡ÓÚ£» £¨D£© ¼È¿ÉÄÜ´óÓÚ£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜСÓÚ¡£

1a,1 ???? B£¬ÆäÖÐE¼°k·Ö±ð±íʾ×Ü·´

29£®ÓÉÁ½¸öÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦¹¹³ÉµÄƽÐз´Ó¦ A ?k2, Ea,2aA

???? Ck, EÓ¦µÄ±í¹Û»î»¯Äܺͱí¹Û·´Ó¦ËÙÂʳ£Êý£¬ÔòkA£¬EaÓëk1£¬Ea,1ºÍk2£¬Ea,2µÄ¹ØϵΪ£¨ £©¡£

£¨A£©Ea=Ea,1+Ea,2£¬kA=k1+k2£» £¨B£© Ea= k1Ea,1+ k2Ea,2£¬kA=k1+k2£» £¨C£©kAEa= Ea,1+ Ea,2£¬kA=k1+k2£» £¨D£© kAEa= k1Ea,1+ k2Ea,2£¬kA=k1+k2¡£ 30£®Á½¸öH?ÓëMÁ£×ÓͬʱÅöײ·¢ÉúÏÂÁз´Ó¦£ºH??H??M?H2(g)?M£¬Ôò·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜEa£¨ £©¡£

£¨A£©>0£» £¨B£© =0£» £¨C£©<0£» £¨D£© ÎÞ·¨È·¶¨¡£ £¨¶þ£©Ìî¿ÕÌâ

k1 ??? D£¬ÈôE?E£¬A?AÔòÉý¸ß·´Ó¦Î¶Ȼᣨ £©Ö÷²úÎïD

1£® ƽÐз´Ó¦A ?k21212 ??? FµÄ²úÂÊ¡£

2£® ¶ÔÓÚÒ»¼¶·´Ó¦£¬Èç¹û°ëË¥ÆÚÔÚ0.01sÒÔϼ´Îª¿ìËÙ·´Ó¦£¬´ËʱËüµÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýkÓ¦´óÓÚ£¨ £©s-1¡£

123£® 400¡æʱ£¬ÊµÑé²â¶¨·´Ó¦NO2(g)?NO(g)+O2(g)ÊǶþ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬¼È??kcNO£¬ËÙ22Âʳ£ÊýÓëζȹØϵÈçÏÂlnk/mol?1?dm?3?s?1??12882?20.26¡£Çó´Ë·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜEa=T/K£¨ £©kJ?mol?1£¬´Ë·´Ó¦µÄָǰÒò×ÓA=£¨ £©mol?1?dm?3?s?1¡£

4£® ÔÚ¹âµÄ×÷ÓÃÏ£¬O2¿É±ä³ÉO3£¬µ±1molO3Éú³ÉʱÎüÊÕ3.011?1023¸ö¹âÁ¿×Ó£¬´Ë·´Ó¦µÄ¹âÁ¿×ÓЧÂÊΪ£¨ £©£¬Á¿×Ó²úÂÊΪ£¨ £©¡£

5£® ij·´Ó¦A?B£¬·´Ó¦ÎïA·´Ó¦µô7/8£¬ËùÐèʱ¼äÊÇËü·´Ó¦µô3/4ËùÐèʱ¼äµÄ1.5±¶£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª£¨ £©¼¶·´Ó¦¡£

6£® ·´Ó¦2A?B£¬ÈôAµÄ³õʼŨ¶È1mol?dm?3£¬¾­·´Ó¦ºó£¬AÏûºÄµô3/4µÄʱ¼äΪÆä°ëË¥ÆÚµÄ3±¶£¬·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýΪ£¨ £©¡£

7£® ij·´Ó¦Ö»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ·´Ó¦ÎÆäת»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½75£¥µÄʱ¼äÊÇת»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½50£¥µÄʱ¼äµÄÁ½±¶£¬·´Ó¦×ª»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½64£¥µÄʱ¼äÊÇת»¯ÂÊ´ïµ½x£¥µÄʱ¼äµÄÁ½±¶£¬Ôòx=£¨ £©¡£

8£® ¹â»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦µÄ³õ¼¶·´Ó¦B?h??B*£¬Ôò´Ë¹â»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýÓ루 £©³ÉÕý±È£¬¶øÓ루 £©Î޹ء£

k1???C+D£¬µ±¼ÓÈë´ß»¯¼ÁºóÆäÕý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£Êý·Ö±ð´Ó9£® ij¶ÔÐз´Ó¦A+B ???k?1'''k1,k?1±äΪk1',k?1£¬²âµÃk1?3k1£¬ÄÇôk?1???k?1¡£

337

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

10£® ÒÑ֪ij·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ÎïÎÞÂÛÆäÆðʼŨ¶ÈcA,0Ϊ¶àÉÙ£¬·´Ó¦µôcA,0µÄ¾ùÏàͬ£¬ËùÒԸ÷´Ó¦Îª£¨ £©¼¶·´Ó¦¡£

2ʱËùÐèµÄʱ¼ä311£® ij¸´ºÏ·´Ó¦µÄ±í¹ÛËÙÂʳ£ÊýkÓë¸÷»ùÔª·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£Êý¼äµÄ¹ØϵΪ

?k?¡£ k?2k2?1?£¬ÔòÆä±í¹Û»î»¯ÄÜEaÓë»ùÔª·´Ó¦»î»¯ÄÜEa1,Ea2¼°Ea4Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØϵΪ£¨ £©

2k?4????B£¬ÒÑÖªlg?k/s?1???12£® Ò»¼¶¶ÔÐз´Ó¦A???1kk1?13230003000K?8.0£¬lgKc??8.0£¬T/KTÔò´Ë·´Ó¦ÔÚ500KʱµÄk?1?£¨ £©¡£

13£® ij»¯ºÏÎïÓëË®Ïà×÷ÓÃʱ£¬ÆäÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪ1mol?dm?3£¬1СʱºóΪ0.5mol?dm?3£¬2СʱºóΪ0.25mol?dm?3£¬Ôò´Ë·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýΪ£¨ £©¡£

14£® Ò»¸ö»ùÔª·´Ó¦£¬Õý·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜÊÇÄæ·´Ó¦»î»¯ÄܵÄ2±¶£¬·´Ó¦Ê±ÎüÈÈ120kJ?mol?1£¬ÔòÕý·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜÊÇ£¨ £©kJ?mol?1¡£

15£® HIÔÚ¹âµÄ×÷ÓÃÏ¿ɰ´·´Ó¦2HI?g??H2?g?+I2?g?·ÖÎö¡£Èô¹âµÄ²¨³¤Îª2.5?10?7mʱ£¬Ôò1¸ö¹â×Ó¿ÉÒýÆð2¸öHI·Ö×Ó½âÀ룬¹Ê1molHI(g)·Ö½âÐèÒªµÄ¹âÄÜΪ£¨ £©¡£

16£®·´Ó¦2A?3BµÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì¼´¿ÉÒÔ±íʾΪ?Ôò?

dcAdc3/23/2£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ±íʾΪB?kBcA£¬?kAcAdtdtdcAdcºÍBµÄ¹ØϵΪ£¨ £©¡£ËÙÂʳ£ÊýkAºÍkBµÄ±ÈΪ£¨ £©¡£ dtdt17£®Î¶ÈΪ500Kʱ£¬Ä³ÀíÏëÆøÌåºãÈÝ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£Êýkc?20mol?dm?3?s?1¡£Ôò´Ë·´Ó¦

ÓÃѹÁ¦±íʾµÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʳ£Êýkp?£¨ £©¡£

18£®ÒÑ֪ijÆøÏà·´Ó¦2A?2B+CµÄËÙÂʳ£ÊýkµÄµ¥Î»Îªdm3?mol-1?s?1¡£ÔÚÒ»¶¨Î¶ÈÏ¿ªÊ¼·´Ó¦Ê±£¬ÈôA·´Ó¦µô1/2cA,0ËùÐèʱ¼ät1/2Óë·´Ó¦µô3/4cA,0ËùÐèʱ¼ät3/4cA,0=1 mol?dm-3¡£Ö®²îΪ600s£¬Ôòt1/2=£¨ £©¡£

?E21?CÁ½·´Ó¦¾ùΪ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£¬¶øÇÒk?Aexp??a?DºÍ2A??19£®2B???RT??¹«Ê½ÖеÄÖ¸?Ç°Òò×ÓAÏàͬ¡£ÒѾ­ÔÚ100¡æÏ·´Ó¦£¨1£©µÄk1?0.10dm3?mol?1s??1£¬¶øÁ½·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜÖ®

²îEa,1?Ea,2?15kJ?mol?1£¬ÄÇô·´Ó¦£¨2£©ÔÚ¸ÃζÈϵÄËÙÂʳ£Êýk2?£¨ £©¡£

20£®Ä³»ùÔª·´Ó¦A?B+CµÄ°ëË¥ÆÚΪt1/2?10h¡£¾­30hºóµÄ·´Ó¦ÎïŨ¶ÈcAÓë³õʼŨ¶È

cA,0µÄ±ÈֵΪ£¨ £©¡£ £¨Èý£©¼ÆËãÓëÖ¤Ã÷Ìâ

1£® 298KʱN2O5(g)·Ö½â·´Ó¦°ëË¥ÆÚΪ5.7Сʱ£¬´ËÖµÓëN2O5µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈÎ޹أ¬ÊÔÇó£º ¢Å ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂʳ£Êý£»

338

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

¢Æ ×÷ÓÃÍê³É90%ʱËùÐèÒªµÄʱ¼ä¡£

2£® ij»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐËæʱ¼ì²âÎïÖÊAµÄº¬Á¿£¬1Сʱºó£¬·¢ÏÖAÒÑ×÷ÓÃÁË75%£¬ÊÔÎÊ2Сʱºó£¬A»¹Ê£¶àÉÙûÓÐ×÷Ó㿸÷´Ó¦¶ÔAÊÇ£º

¢Å Ò»¼¶·´Ó¦£»

¢Æ ¶þ¼¶·´Ó¦£¨ÉèAÓëÁíÒÑ·´Ó¦ÎïBÆðʼŨ¶ÈÏàͬ£©£» ¢Ç Á㼶·´Ó¦£¨ÇóA×÷ÓÃÍêËùÐèʱ¼ä£©¡£

3£® 950Kʱ£¬·´Ó¦4PH3(g)?P4(g)+6H2(g)µÄ¶¯Á¦Ñ§Êý¾ÝÈçÏ£º

t/min p×Ü/mmHg

0 100

40 150

80 166.7

·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼Ö»ÓÐPH3¡£Çó·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýºÍËÙÂʳ£Êý¡£

4£® ÔÚ500¡æ¼°³õѹΪ101.325kPaÏ£¬Ä³Ì¼Ç⻯ºÏÎïµÄÆøÏàÈȷֽⷴӦµÄ°ëË¥ÆÚΪ2s£¬Èô³õѹ½µÎª10.113kPa£¬Ôò°ëË¥ÆÚΪ20s£¬Çó·´Ó¦¼¶ÊýnºÍËÙÂʳ£Êýk¡£

5£® ºãÈÝÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÆøÏà·´Ó¦£ºA(g) + B(g) ¡ú C(g)£¬ÒÑ֪ʵÑéÊý¾Ý£º

pA£¬0/kPa 100

100 200

pB£¬0/kPa 5 10 5

t1/2/s 200 100 100

1 2 3

ÊÔÈ·¶¨A£¬BµÄ·Ö¼¶ÊýnA,nB£¬×ܼ¶Êýn¡£

ÆøÏà·´Ó¦£º

k3k1???? ???B????2D k2k4A? ???CÔÚºãκãÈÝÌõ¼þÏ£¬¿ªÊ¼Ê±Ö»ÓÐA´æÔÚ¡£

¢Åд³öÒÔ ?dcAdcBdcCdcD±íʾµÄËÙÂÊ·½³Ì ,,,dtdtdtdt¢ÆÈôcA,0?1mol?dm?3,k1?0.8min?1,k2?0.2min?1,k3?0.01min?1,

k4?0.02dm3?mol?1?min?1£¬ÎÊ·´Ó¦µ½×ã¹»³¤µÄʱ¼äºó£¬ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐA£¬B£¬C£¬DµÄŨ¶È¸÷Ϊ¶à

ÉÙ£¿

7£® ÒÑÖª¶ÔÖÅ·´Ó¦2NO(g)+O2(g)?2NO2(g)ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈϵÄkֵΪ£º

T K600 645

ÊÔ¼ÆË㣺

k1

mol?2?dm6?min?16.63¡Á105 6.52¡Á105

k?1

mol?1?dm3?min?18.39 40.7

(1) ²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏ·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýÖµ¡£

339

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

(2) ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ?rUm(Éè¸ÃÖµÓëζÈÎÞ¹Ø)ºÍ600KʱµÄ?rHm¡£

1????8£® ·´Ó¦£º A????B k?1kÕýÄæ·´Ó¦¾ùΪһ¼¶£¬ÒÑÖª£º

lgk1/?s?1?????2000?4.0 T/K2000?4.0 T/KlgK?ƽºâ³£Êý??·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼cA,0?0.5mol?dm?3£¬cB,0?0.05mol?dm?3¡£ ¼ÆË㣺

(1) Äæ·´Ó¦µÄ»î»¯ÄÜ£»

(2) 400Kʱ·´Ó¦¾­10sʱAºÍBµÄŨ¶È£» (3) 400Kʱ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱAºÍBµÄŨ¶È¡£ 9. O3¹â»¯·Ö½â·´Ó¦Àú³ÌÈçÏ£º

I?O2+O*?1?O3?h???k?2O2?2?O*?O3?? k*3O???O?h???k?O3?M?4?O?O2?M??a234É赥λʱ¼ä¡¢µ¥Î»Ìå»ýÎüÊÕ¹âΪIa£¬?Ϊ¹ý³Ì?1?µÄÁ¿×Ó²úÂÊ£¬??d?O2?dtIaΪ×Ü·´Ó¦µÄÁ¿

×Ó²úÂÊ¡£

¢Å Ö¤Ã÷£º

k3?11? ?1?????3??kO2?3???k11?0.588?0.81£¬Çó?£¬2¡£ ?k3?O3?¢Æ ÈôÒÔ250.7nm¹âÕÕÉäʱ

×Ô²âÌâ´ð°¸£º

£¨Ò»£©Ñ¡ÔñÌâ

1. D£» 2. B£» 3. B£» 4. D£» 5. A£» 6. C£» 7. A£» 8. D£» 9. D£» 10. C£» 11.£Â£» 12. D£» 13. C£» 14. C£» 15. C£» 16. C£» 17. D£» 18. B£» 19. B£» 20. D£» 21. D£» 22. D£» 23. A£» 24. C£» 25. C£»

26. C£» 27. C£» 28. B£» 29. D£» 30. B¡£ £¨¶þ£©Ìî¿ÕÌâ

1£® ½µµÍ£» 2£® 69.3£» 3£® 107£¬ 6.29¡Á108£» 4£® 3 £¬2 £» 5£® 1£»

340

µÚʮՠ»¯Ñ§¶¯Á¦Ñ§

6£® 2£» 7£® 40£» 8£® ¹âµÄÇ¿¶È£¬·´Ó¦ÎïµÄŨ¶È£» 9£® 3£» 10£® 1£»

3311£® Ea?Ea2?Ea1?Ea4£» 12£® 10000s-1 £» 13£® 1 £» 14£® 240£»

2215. 239.2kJ£» 16. ?dcAdcB2?;£» 17. 4.81?10-6Pa-1?s?1 £»18. 300s£» 2dt3dt319. 12.58dm3?mol-1?s?1£» 20. 0.125¡£ £¨Èý£©¼ÆËãºÍÖ¤Ã÷Ìâ

1£® ¢Å k?0.122h?1 ¢Æ 18.94h

2£® ¢Å 6.25% ¢Æ 14.3% ¢ÇAÒÑ×÷ÓÃÍ꣬£¨Ö»Ðè1.3Сʱ£© 3£® n?1£¬k?0.0275min 4£® k?4.93?MPa??1?s?1 5£® nA?1,nB?2,n?3

6. ¢Å ?dcAdc2dt??k1?k2?cBAdt?k1cA?k4cD?k3cB dcCdt?k dcDdt?2k?2k22cA 3cB4cD ¢Æ AÔÚ·´Ó¦ÖÐÖ»ÏûºÄ¶ø²»Éú³É£¬ËùÒÔt??,cA?0 ¸ù¾ÝÎïÖÊÊغ㶨ÂÉ£ºccDC?cB?2?cA,0 ¶ÔÓÚÒ»¼¶Æ½Ðз´Ó¦£º

cB?cD2kc?1?0.8?4 Ck20.2Á½Ê½ÁªÁ¢£¬µÃ£º5cC?cA,0?cC?0.2mol?dm?3 ?cB?cD?0.8mol?dm?32 ¿¼Âǵ½¶ÔÐз´Ó¦3ºÍ4´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£º

k23cB?k4cD k?c?3??0.8mol?dm?3?D2???k24cD ½âµÃ£ºcD?0.52mol?dm?3

ccDB?0.8mol?dm?3?2?0.54mol?dm?3cA?0,cB?0.54mol?dm?3,cC?0.2mol?dm?3,c3D?0.52mol?dm?

¢Å Kc?600K??7.9?0241?01m?ol3£¬Kd?m645K??1.602?104mol?1?dm3c£» ¢Æ ¦¤rUm??114.1kJ?mol?1£¬¦¤rHm??119.1kJ?mol?1¡£ £¨Ìáʾ£º ?????rHmrUm?????B?g??RT £©

B?

341

?

ÎïÀí»¯Ñ§½âÌâÖ¸µ¼

18£® ¢Å E?1?76.59?kJ?m olk1???B ¢Æ A???k2t?0t?taa?xbb?x

dx?k1?a?x??k?1?b?x? dt»ý·ÖµÃ£º t??k?k?1?x??k1a?k?1b??1ln1

k1?k?1k?1b?k1a½«a?0.5mol?dm?3,b?0.05mol?dm?3,k1?0.1s?1,k?1?0.01s?1,t?10s´úÈëµÃ£º

x?0.3mol?dm?3

?cA?0.2mol?dm?3,cB?0.35mol?dm?3

¢Ç cA?0.05mol?dm?3,9£® ¢Å

d?O2?dtcB?0.5mol?dm?3

*?k1Ia?2k2??O???O3??k4?O??O2??M?

*d??O??dt**?k1Ia?k2??O???O3??k3??O???0

*???O???k1Ia

k2?O3??k3d?O?dt*?k3??O???k4?O??O2??M??0

?d?O2?dt?3k2?O3??**??? ?k1Ia?2k2?OO?kO?kI???3?3??1a??k?O??k??3??23?k1??

k3?11? ???1????3??kO??23??¢Æ

1?0.588???0.5673?

k21k3?0.81??0.7263?k2k3 342