In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive, Some experts ( 26 )_________the answer is to make jobs more (27)___________.There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more ( 28 )___________，it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is (29) __________, the variety is not an important (30) ___________.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job is important. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its (31) ___________machinery which must be used in a (32) _________way. Another important consideration is how much each worker (33) ___________to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now (34) _________ having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker does more to the production of the cars on his line.
To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money, nor shorter working hours be (35) _______ to them.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with 10 blanks. You are required to select one ward for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single Line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child (36) when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
Language learning begins with listening. (37) children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will \spoken (38) some time before they can speak though the word obey is (39) .Accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak，many children will also question by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any (40) to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to (41) difficulties. It is (42) that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to shoe the baby's (43) to communicate they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed ,too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to(44) new sounds to their repertoire(能发出的全部声音).This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then (45) as to the point at which one can say that these imitation can be considered as speech. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) individual B)intention C ) regarded D)hardly E) agreed F)making G) instruction H)performs I) attempt J)considerable K) arises L) cooperative M) add N) challenges O) well Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Managing Conflicts
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A) Will your relationships with other people grow and be strengthened, or will they dry up and ultimately die? The answer on how you manage conflicts within them. Conflict is the clash of opposing attitudes, ideas，behaviors，goals，and needs. People engage in many behaviors to cope with or manage their conflicts. Some are positive and some are negative. The ways to cope with conflict may be discussed under five major patterns.
B) One of the most common -and certainly one of the easiest一ways to deal with conflict is to withdraw. Withdrawal is physical or psychological removal from the situation.
C) Physical withdrawal is of course the easiest to identify. Done and Tom are in conflict over Tom's smoking. When Dorie says, \I thought you told me that whether you stopped smoking completely or not, you weren't going to smoke around the house. Now here you are lighting up!” Tom may withdraw physically, saying “I don't want to talk about it.”, as he goes to his basement workshop.
D) Psychological withdrawal may be more difficult to recognize. Using the same example, when Dorie speaks to Tom about his smoking, Tom sit quietly in his chair looking at Dorie, but while she is speaking, he is thinking about the card game he will be going to the next evening.
E) Both of these common withdrawal behaviors are negative. Why? Because they neither eliminate nor attempt to manage the nature of the conflict. For instance, when Tom withdraws physically，Done may fallow him to the basement, where the conflict will continue; if not, the conflict will undoubtedly surface later一probably in an intensified manner when Dore and Tom try to cope with another issue. F) There appear to be two types of situations where withdrawal may work. The first is when the withdrawal is temporarily used for the purpose of letting the heat of the conflict cool down. When Bi11 and Margaret begin to argue over having Bill's mother fox dinner, Margaret feels herself get angry about what her mother-in-law had said to her recently about the way she and Bill were raising their daughter. Margaret says，\ both relax a bit and then we'll talk about this some more” A few minutes later she returns, temper under control and ready to approach the conflict more objectively. Margaret's action is not true withdrawal, it is not meant as a means of avoiding confrontation. It provides a cooling-off period that will probably benefit both of them. The second case where withdrawal may work is when a conflict occurs between people who don't communicate often. Jack and Mark work in the same office: At the two office gatherings they have gotten into arguments about whether the company really cares about its employees. At the next office gathering Mark avoids sitting near Jack. Withdrawal is a negative pattern only when it is a person's major way of managing conflict.
G) Surrender means giving in immediately to avoid conflict. Some people are so afraid of being in conflict that they will do anything to avoid it. For instance, Jeff and Marian are discussing their vacation plans. Jeff would like just the two of them to go somewhere together, but Marian has talked with two of their friends about going together. After Jeff mentions that he'd like the two of them to go alone, Marian says, \，don't you think so?\Jeff replies，“OK, whatever you want.”Jeff really wants the two of them to go alone. Rather than describe his feelings or give reasons for his position, he gives in to avoid conflict
H) Surrender is negative for at least two reasons(1)Decisions should be made on values, if one person gives in, there is no evaluation of the decision一no one knows what would really be best.(2) Surrender can anger the other person. When Marian tells Jeff her thoughts, she would probably like Jeff to see her way as the best. But if Jeff just surrenders, Marian will perceive Jeff not as liking her plan but as martyring(牺牲)himself. His unwillingness to present his reasons could cause even more conflict.
I) The use of physical or psychological power to get one's way is aggression. Through aggression people attempt to force others to accept their ideas. Through aggression a person may“win\，but it seldom does anything positive for a relationship. Aggression is an emotional reaction to conflict. Aggression never deals with tire values of the issue一only who is bigger or who can talk louder.
J) Persuasion is the attempt to change either the attitude or the behavior of another person. At times during a conflict one person might try to persuade the other that a particular action is the right one. Doris and Jack are considering buying a car. Doris says，“Don't we need room?\，
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might reply, \this point, Doris and Jack's conflict comes into focus. Now Doris might say, \other day when you were complaining about our present car because it doesn't have much back-seat room? We carry a lot of stuff. I do food shopping, you're always carrying somewhere with us.” Statements like this one are attempts at resolving the conflict through persuasion. When persuasion is open and reasonable, it can be a positive means of resolving conflict.
K) Discussion involves talking to solve problems. It involves weighing and considering the good and bad points of the issues in conflict. Discussion is the best means of dealing with conflict in a relationship; however, it is often difficult to accomplish.
L) Problem-solving might follow the formal method of defining the problem, analyzing the problem，suggesting possible solutions，selecting the solution that best fits the analysis，and working to implement the decision. For instance，if Jeff and Marian were discussing, they might focus on the problem of how they would spend their vacation. They would suggest places to go and the possibilities of going there with or without others. Then they would select the place and decide whether to go with their friends.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Instead of explaining one's real feelings and reasons, a person agrees with what the other suggests to avoid conflict, this is surrender.
47. Through aggression, people try to compel others to accept their ideas.
48. Discussion is the best way of handling conflict, but ii is difficult to accomplish.
49. Even people use aggressive power to make others accept their ideas, it may not be helpful for handling conflict.
50. The aim to manage conflicts is to grow and strengthen the relationships between people. 51. Psychological ignorance of the conflicts is a way of withdrawal to manage conflicts. 52. For persuasion to be positive in solving conflict, it needs to be open and reasonable.
53. Withdrawal is negative only when it becomes a person's major way o# coping with conflicts. 54. Discussion involves considering the pro-sides and con-sides of the issues in conflict.
55. In face of the wife's complaint, the husband just goes to bed and sleeps away her complaint, this is an example of physical withdrawal to deal with the clash. Section C
Direction: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B, C tend D. You should decide on, the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil would be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engines was invented, oil became of world-wide importance.
What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and airplanes? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was farmed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea-bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by process of chemistry，pressure
and temperature were changed into what we know as oil through long ages. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, which were laid down by the action of water on the
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bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of the sea life，are found close to the ail. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea-bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil. 56. Before the time when paraffin-oil could be made from oil,_ A) some people had made an enormous profit from it B) people had not made much profit from it C) oil had been of world importance
D) engines using oil had long been existing 57. Paragraph 2 is mainly about_·
A) how oils can be found nearby the sea B) the possible origin of oil
C) how sedimentary rocks can be used
D) the general view of oilfields in the world
58. Which of the following is not one of the key conditions for the formation of oil? A) high temperature B) chemical change C) proper pressure D) sedimentary rocks 59. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that_.
A) oilfields in the world are very far away form one another B) oilfields in the world are very near to one another C) sedimentary rocks contain much in general
D) sedimentary rocks usually contain nothing but shale 60. Oil is likely to be found at the place_. A) where there are minute sea creatures B) where there is shale
C) nearby the rocks of marine origin D) where there is paraffin-oil Passage 2
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system，and the traditional system.
In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles，shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, fording somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence，the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy，goods and services are bought or sold for money.
An alternative to the market system is administrative controlled by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by government, shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition，too. People belonging to a certain group of caste may give an obligation to care for other person, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve，a stagnant society may result. 61. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A ) to outline contrasting types of economic system
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