41-50 CBBAD BDADC ACDBD 2020徐汇一模

Since 2008, the average labour-force participation rate of 55- to 64-year-olds in OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries has risen by eight percentage points. A new OECD report, “Working Better with Age” ，points out that the employment of older workers is (41) ______, if prosperity is to be maintained. That can be taken as a sign that our society is

finally, (42) ______ the value of its older employees.

Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours. No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently. But work can keep the mind active and gives people a (43) ______ in life. The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but (44) ______ is sure to come. Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal. (45) ______, the company of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness.

Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require (46) ______, rather than manual, labour. Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to (47) ______. That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state

retirement age. (48) ______, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years. In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work-related pensions to supplement it.

However, companies are gradually (49) ______ pensions linked to final salaries with \contribution\schemes. Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at

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retirement that needs to be (50) ______. The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates.

Women tend to have smaller retirement pots (thanks to their years spent raising children), making their difficulties even more (51) ______. They need to keep working.

Older workers may feel (52) ______, particularly when it comes to promotion. Two issues seem to hold (53) ______ back. The first is that older workers tend to (54) ______ higher salaries, because of the seniority system. The second is a (55) ______ of skills； one in three 55- to 65-year-olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests. Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over-5 5 s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes. 41. A. shortsighted 42. A. recognizing 43. A. frame 44. A. liberty 45. A. However 46. A. mental B. vital B. assessing B. choice B. boredom B. Instead B. simple C. adequate C. questioning C. lesson C. priority C. Therefore C. physical C. persist C. In practice C. increasing C. refunded C. emotional C. distinguished C. employees C. oppose C. shortage D. unnecessary D. transforming D. purpose D. motivation D. Furthermore D. routine D. quit D. In particular D. combining D. removed D. practical D. disadvantaged D. female workers D. ignore D. set 47. A. proceed B. continue 48. A. In conclusion B. In other words 49. A. replacing B. furnishing 50. A. registered 51. A. personal 53. A. employers 54. A. command 55. A. range

B. reinvested B. severe B. researchers B. ensure B. discipline 52. A. competitive B. dominant 26 / 31

41-45 BADBI 46-50 ADCAB 51-55 BDAAC 2020杨浦一模

A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak ___41___ and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to ___42___ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.

I study and write about resilience (复原力), and I’m noticing a(n)___43___ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should ___44___, however, they are crushed by self-blame.

We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from ___45___. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a ___46___ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.

Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for ___47___ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ___48___ help everyone.

One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a ___49___ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. ___50___, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can ___51___ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the ___52___ goals showed elevated

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levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.

The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to ___53___ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what ___54___ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least ___55___ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest. 41. A. coolness 42. A. control 43. A. amusing 44. A. apply 45. A. disbelief 46. A. bright 47. A. virtue 48. A. originally 49. A. choice 50. A. instead 51. A. result from 52. A. Immoral 53. A. challenge 54. A. plainly 55. A. exhibit

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B. fitness C. goodness B. change C. adjust B. inspiring

C. troubling

D. readiness D. celebrate D. touching D. accomplish D. discomfort D. flexible D. status D. regularly D. lack D. However D. lead to D. impolite D. inquire D. actually D. recognize

B. approve C. appreciate B. disagreement C. discovery B. false C. general B. ability B. obviously B. command B. Otherwise B. apply for B. impersonal B. accept B. probably B. expect

C. effort C. necessarily C. display C. Therefore C. associate with C. impossible C. assess C. immediately C. establish