41-45 BABAC 46-50 CBABD 51-55 BCACD 2020青浦一模

Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile (脆弱的) environments and their local cultures can be __41__. Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages，it can even be a(n) __42__ for refreshing local cultures. And a growing number of adventure tourism __43__ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.

In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local __44__. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays-d’Enhaut resulted in __45__ being imposed on their growth. There has also been a new interest in cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a __46__ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.

Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by __47__ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase __48__. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musicians and dancers.

Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed __49__ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to __50__ high-quality handicrafts and artwork. Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly __51__ with jewelry.

Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands. Merely

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restricting tourism cannot be the __52__ to the imbalance because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. __53__, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to __54__ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are __55__ that, with firm combined decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the normal status, rather than the exception.

41. A. promoted 42. A. vehicle 43. A. operators 44. A. committee 45. A. views 46. A. costly 47. A. responsible 48. A. locally 49. A. positive 50. A. estimate 51. A. relevant 52. A. desire 53. A. Instead 54. A. balance 55.

A. complaining

B. minimized C. inherited B. responsibility C. example B. professors C. mayors B. culture C. scenery B. burdens C. limits B. critical C. reliable B. native C. thoughtful B. extensively C. virtually B. personalized C. similar B. collect C. appreciate B. successful C. combined B. solution C. appeal B. Moreover C. However B. meet C. require B. mentioning

C. demonstrating

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D. deleted D. entrance D. journalists D. economy D. qualifications D. sensible D. outside D. typically D. primary D. purchase D. impressed D. priority D. Besides D. recognize D. protesting

41-55 BAADC CDACD BBAAC

2020松江一模

When happens when the right to know comes up against the right not to know? The case -- of genetic testing has brought this question to light. Two __41__ legal cases - one in Britain, the other in Germany - stand to alter the way medicine is practiced.

Both cases involve Huntington’s disease (HD), whose __42__ include loss of co-ordination（协调）, mood changes and cognitive（认知的）decline. It develops between the ages of 30 and 50, and is eventually fatal. Every child of an __43__ parent has a 50% chance of inheriting it.

In the British case, __44__ for trial at the High Court in London in November, a woman known as ABC - to protect the __45__ of her daughter, who is a minor - is charging a London hospital, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, for not __46__ her father’s diagnosis of HD with her. ABC was pregnant at the time of his diagnosis, in 2009. She argues that had she been aware of it, she would have stopped the pregnancy. As it was, she found out only after giving birth to her daughter. She later tested __47__ for HD.

The German case is in some ways the mirror image of the British one. Unlike in Britain, in Germany the right not to know genetic information is protected in law. __48__, 2011 a doctor informed a woman that her divorced husband - the doctor’s patient - had tested positive for HD. This meant their two children were __49__ the disease. She accused the doctor, who had acted with his patient’s permission. Both children being minors at the time, they could not legally be tested for the disease, which, as the woman’s lawyers pointed out, is currently __50__. They argued that she was therefore helpless to act on the information, and __51__ suffered a reactive depression that prevented her from working.

Both cases test a legal grey area. If the right to know is __52__ recognized in Britain later this year, that my remove some uncertainties, but it will also create new ones. To what lengths

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should doctors go to track down and inform family members, __53__?

It is the law’s job to __54__ these rights for the modern age. When the law falls behind technology, somebody often pays the price, and currently that somebody is __55__. As these two cases demonstrate, they find themselves in a difficult situation - charged if they do, accused it they don’t.

41. A. remarkable B. distinct C. contrasting D. dominant 42. A. consequences 43. A. influenced 44. A. scheduled implemented

45. A. possession 46. A. revealing 47. A. convinced 48. A. Nevertheless Fundamentally

49. A. in advance of 50. A. inevitable 51. A. as a result 52. A. financially 53. A. on occasion 54. A. reserve 55. A. lawmakers

B. symptoms B. affected B. determined B. status B. sharing B. suspicious B. Thus B. in the course of B. inextinguishable B. after all B. academically B. by comparison B. balance B. victims 24 / 31C. indications D. diagnoses C. inherited D. annoyed C. approved D. C. health D. identity C. reminding D. concealing C. infected D. positive C. Additionally D. C. at the close of D. at the risk of C. incurable D. intolerable C. above all D. in return C. legally D. culturally C. in effect D. for example C. defend D. draft C. patients D. doctors