program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.

As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV

broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo 37 , didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would 38 from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the 39 itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -- along for the ride.

Come landing day, which 40 fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion

people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from

hunters. But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates. According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000 people, the top 41 are work, money, the economy and health.

Although everyone faces stress, people react to it 42 . “There’s the situation, how we 43 the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation,” says psychologist William Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma. 44 experiences help us assess appropriate responses, so most people improve with age. “A high school student or a college student might not have those 45 skills and might let a situation get out of hand,” he adds.

Most 46 have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones（激素）and bodily

changes for a particular stressor. But others always over-or under-react, which may be a warning sign for physical or mental 47 . To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks.

48 , the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a young age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships -- including physical punishment and a(n) 49 home -- are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study published

in 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress. People who self-reported early-life 50 actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than other participants. While the study tasks were not important, the individuals’ under-reactions suggest their stress response may also have trouble 51 when it really matters. It can be just as 52 as an extreme response. Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse. Though the biology is not fully understood, it’s suggested that early - life neglect or suffering 53 the body’s stress pathways.

Even before birth, a child can 54 parental stress. The phenomenon is well

- demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association 55 . For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels.

41. A. stressors 42. A. appropriately 43. A. improve

B. responses B. differently B. influence

C. secretes C. normally C. describe

D. concerns D. mentally D. evaluate

44. A. Valuable 45. A. coping 46. A. adults 47. A. functions 48. A. By the way 49. A. independent 50. A. education 51. A. racing up 52. A. impressive 53. A. smooths 54. A. endure 55. A. between

B. Professional B. living B. researchers B. disorders B. In some cases B. distinguished B. experience B. showing up B. insignificant B. follows B. relieve B. in humans

C. Previous C. learning C. students C. variations C. On the contrary C. unstable C. involvement C. taking up C. positive C. dulls C. increase C. with society

D. Constant D. acting D. monitors D. abilities D. As a result D. extended D. difficulty D. keeping up D. unhealthy D. destroys D. inherit D. of

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

I live in a second - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.

It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to