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2-1. ¹À¼ÆÏÂÁйý³Ì¦¤S¡¢¦¤H¡¢¦¤GµÄ·ûºÅ¡£

(1)ÁòËáÈÜÓÚË® (2)ÊÒÎÂϱùÈÚ»¯ (3)NaNO3(s)ÈÜÓÚË® ½â£º(1)¦¤S>0£¬¦¤H<0£¬¦¤G<0£»

(2)¦¤S>0£¬¦¤H>0£¬¦¤G<0£» (3)¦¤S>0£¬¦¤H>0£¬¦¤G<0¡£

2-2. È·¶¨ÏÂÁи÷×éÎïÖÊìØÖµµÄ´óС˳Ðò¡£

(1)H2O(l)¡¢H2O(g)¡¢H2O(s)£» (3)CH4(g)¡¢C2H6 (g)£» (2)H2(g,310K )¡¢H2(g£¬298K) (4)Fe(s)¡¢Fe2O3(s)¡£

½â£º(1)S(H2O,g)>S(H2O,l)>S(H2O,s) (2)S(H2,g, 310K )>S(H2,g, 298K )

(3)S(C2H6,g) > S(CH4,g) (4)S(Fe2O3,s)>S(Fe,s)

2-3. ¼ÆËãÌåϵÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Äܵı仯 (1)Ìåϵ´Ó»·¾³ÎüÈÈ1000J£¬²¢¶Ô»·¾³×÷¹¦540J£»(2)ÌåϵÏò»·¾³·ÅÈÈ535J£¬»·¾³¶ÔÌåϵ×÷¹¦250J¡£

½â: (1)¦¤U=Q+W=(+1000)+(-540)=460(J) (2)¦¤U=Q+W= ( -535) +(+250) =-285(J)

2-4. ÇóÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄ¦¤rHm¦È¡£[¦¤fHm¦È ( Fe2O3,s)=£­822.2kJ¡¤mol-1£¬¦¤fHm¦È ( Al2O3,s)=£­1670kJ¡¤mol-1£¬ÆäÓতfHm¦ÈÖµ²é¸½Â¼Ò» ]

(1)4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) = 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) (2)C2H4(g)+ H2O(g)= C2H5OH(l) (3)Fe2O3(s)+ 2Al(s) = 2Fe(s)+ Al2O3(s)

½â: (1) ¦¤rHm¦È =4¦¤fHm¦È(NO,g)+6¦¤fHm¦È(H2O,g)-[4¦¤fHm¦È( NH3,g)+5¦¤fHm¦È(O2,g)]

=4¡Á90.25+6¡Á(-241.8)-[4¡Á(-46.11)+5¡Á0] =-905.36(kJ¡¤mol-1)

(2) ¦¤rHm¦È=¦¤fHm¦È(C2H5OH,l)-[¦¤fHm¦È(C2H4,g)+¦¤fHm¦È(H2O,g)]

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=-277.7-[(52.26+(-241.8)] =-88.16(kJ¡¤mol-1)

(3) ¦¤rHm¦È=2¦¤fHm¦È(Fe,s)+ ¦¤fHm¦È(Al2O3,s)- [¦¤fHm¦È(Fe2O3,s)+ 2¦¤fHm¦È(Al,s)]

=2¡Á0+(-1670)-[(-822.2)+2¡Á0] = -847.8 kJ¡¤mol-1

2-5. ÒÑÖª¦¤cHm¦È(C3H8,g)=-2220.9kJ¡¤mol-1£¬¦¤fHm¦È(H2O,l)=-285.8kJ¡¤mol-1£¬ ¦¤fHm¦È(CO2,g)=-393.5kJ¡¤mol-1£¬ÇóC3H8(g)µÄ¦¤fHm¦È¡£ ½â£ºC3H8(g)+5O2(g)=3CO2(g)+4H2O(g)

¦¤cHm¦È(C3H8,g)=3¦¤fHm¦È(CO2,g)+4¦¤fHm¦È(H2O,l)- ¦¤fHm¦È(C3H8£¬g) -2220.9 = 3¡Á(-393.5)+4¡Á(-285.8)-¦¤fHm¦È(C3H8£¬g) ¦¤fHm¦È(C3H8£¬g) =3¡Á(-393.5)+4¡Á(-285.8)+2220.9

=-102.8(kJ¡¤mol-1)

2-6. 1mol±û¶þËá[CH2(COOH)2]¾§ÌåÔÚµ¯Ê½Á¿ÈȼÆÖÐÍêȫȼÉÕ£¬298Kʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª866.5kJ£¬Çó1mol±û¶þËáÔÚ298KʱµÄµÈѹ·´Ó¦ÈÈ¡£

½â£º CH2(COOH)2(s) + 2O2(g) = 3CO2(g) + 2H2O(1) Òò QV £½£­866.5kJ¡¤mol-1£¬ Ôò Qp = QV + RT?¦¤ng

=-866.5 kJ¡¤mol-1+8.314¡Á10-3 kJ¡¤K-1¡¤mol-1¡Á298K¡Á(3-2) =-864.02kJ¡¤mol-1

2-7.ÒÑÖª£º(1) CH3COOH(l)+2O2(g)=2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ¦¤rHm¦È(1) = - 870.3kJ¡¤mol-1

(2) C(ʯī) + O2(g) = CO2(g) ¦¤rHm¦È(2)= - 393.5kJ¡¤mol-1 (3) H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) = H2O(l) ¦¤rHm¦È(3)= - 285.5kJ¡¤mol-1

¼ÆËã 2C (ʯī) + 2H2(g) + O2(g) = CH3COOH(l)µÄ¦¤rHm¦È¡£ ½â£º¡ß¦¤rHm¦È=¦¤rHm¦È(2)¡Á 2 +¦¤rHm¦È(3)¡Á 2 -¦¤rHm¦È(1)

¡à¦¤rHm¦È=(-393.5)¡Á2 + (-285.5)¡Á2 -(-870.3)

=-488.3 kJ.mol-1

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2-8. ÒÑÖª±½µÄÈÛ»¯ÈÈΪ10.67kJ¡¤mol-1 £¬±½µÄÈÛµãΪ5¡æ£¬Çó±½ÈÛ»¯¹ý³ÌµÄ¦¤Sm¦È¡£ ½â£º±½ÈÛ»¯¹ý³ÌÊÇÒ»µÈοÉÄæ¹ý³Ì£º

Qr10.67?103J?mol-1?S???38.36J?K-1?mol-1

T(273.15?5)K¦Èm2-9.ºË·´Ó¦¶ÑÖеĺËȼÁÏÊÇ235U£¬ËüÔÚÓË¿óÖеÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý½öÕ¼0.7£¥£¬ÆäÓàΪ238U£¬ËüÃǺÜÄÑÓû¯Ñ§·½·¨·ÖÀë¡£·ÖÀëºÍ¸»¼¯235UÊÇͨ¹ýÏÂÁз´Ó¦Éú³ÉUF6£¬È»ºó¾­Æø»¯(b.p.56.54¡æ)½øÐÐÀ©É¢£¬¸ù¾ÝËüÃÇÀ©É¢ËÙÂʵIJ»Í¬¶ø´ï´ËÄ¿µÄ¡£ÊÔ¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐÒÑÖªÌõ¼þºÍ¸½Â¼µÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËã·´Ó¦µÄ¦¤rHm¦È¡£

U(s)+ O2(g)+ 4HF(g)+ F2(g)£½UF6(g)+2 H2O(g) ÒÑÖª¸÷²½·´Ó¦ÈçÏÂ

U(s)+ O2(g)£½UO2(s)

¦¤rHm¦È=-1084.9 kJ¡¤mol-1 ¦¤rHm¦È=-2398.3 kJ¡¤mol-1 ¦¤rHm¦È=-233.2 kJ¡¤mol-1

UO2(s)+ 4 HF(g)£½UF4(s)+2 H2O(g) UF4(s)+ F2(g)£½UF6(g) ½â£º

U(s)+ O2(g)£½UO2(s) UO2(s)+ 4 HF(g)£½UF4(s)+2 H2O(g)

¦¤rHm¦È(1)=-1084.9 kJ¡¤mol-1 ¦¤rHm¦È(2)= -2398.3 kJ¡¤mol-1

+)UF4(s)+ F2(g)£½UF6(g) ¦¤rHm¦È(3)=-233.2 kJ¡¤mol-1 U(s)+ O2(g)+ 4HF(g)+ F2(g)£½UF6(g)+2 H2O(g)¦¤rHm¦È ¦¤rHm¦È=¦¤rHm¦È(1)+ ¦¤rHm¦È(2)+ ¦¤rHm¦È(3) =(-1084.9)+( -2398.3)+( -233.2) =-3716.4 (kJ¡¤mol-1)

2-10. ÓÉÌú¿óʯÉú²úÌúÓÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãËüÃǵÄתÏòζȡ£

(Sm¦È(Fe,s) = 27.28 J¡¤K-1¡¤mol-1£¬Sm¦È(Fe2O3,s) = 90.0 J¡¤K-1¡¤mol-1£¬¦¤fHm¦È(Fe2O3, s)=-822.2 kJ¡¤mol-1)

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(1)Fe2O3(s) + 3C(ʯī) = 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

22(2)Fe2O3(s) + 3H2(g) = 2Fe(s) + 3H2O(g) ½â£º

33¦È¦È¦È¦È?fHm(CO2,g)?2?fHm(Fe,s)??fHm(C,ʯī)??fHm(Fe2O3,s)2(1)T??rH?2

3¦È3¦È?rS¦È¦ÈSm(CO2,g)?2Sm(Fe,s)?Sm(C,ʯī)?Sm(Fe2O3,s)22¦Èm¦Èm33?(?393.5)?2?0??0?(?822.2)22=?838.9(K) 33(?213.7?2?27.28??5.74?90.0)?10?322¦È¦È¦È¦È¦È3?fHm(H2O,g)?2?fHm(Fe,s)?3?fHm(H2,g)??fHm(Fe2O3,s)?rHm (2) T? ?¦È¦È¦È¦È¦È?rSm3Sm(H2O,g)?2Sm(Fe,s)?3Sm(H2,g)?Sm(Fe2O3,s)?3?(?241.8)?2?0?3?0?(?822.2)?697(K) ?3(3?188.8?2?27.28?3?130.7?90.0)?102-11.ÀûÓñê׼Ħ¶ûȼÉÕÈȵÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãÏÂÁз´Ó¦µÄ¦¤rHm¦È CH3COOH (l) +C2H5OH (l) = CH3COO C2H5(l) + H2O(l)

½â£º CH3COOH (l) +C2H5OH (l) = CH3COO C2H5(l) + H2O(l) ¦¤cHm¦È -875 -1368 -2231 0

¦¤rHm¦È=[¦¤cHm¦È(CH3COOH,l)+¦¤cHm¦È(C2H5OH,l)]-[¦¤cHm¦È(H2O,l)- ¦¤cHm¦È(CH3COO C2H5, l)

=[ (-875)+(-1368)]-[0+(-2231)] =-12.0 (kJ¡¤mol-1)

2-12. ÊÔ¼ÆËãÏÂÁкϳɸʰ±ËáµÄ·´Ó¦ÔÚ298K¼°p¦È ϵĦ¤rGm¦È £¬²¢ÅжϴËÌõ¼þÏ·´

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