【推荐】初中英语语法笔记,非常简明而全面 下载本文

现在完成时

一、构成

肯定:have/has +过去分词. 否定:have/has +not+过去分词. 疑问:Have/Has+主语+过去分词? 二、含义(重难点)

a. 已完成:He has drawn 3 beautiful pictures. 一个动作在过去发生,已经结束,强调对现在的影响。 b. 未完成:I have lived in Guangzhou for over 300 years. 一个动作开始于过去持续到了现在。 三、标志词

already 已经(肯定句中或句末) yet 已经(否定句或疑问句句末)ever 曾经(过分前) never 从不(过分前) for+时间段:长达? since+时间点:自从? just 只,仅(过分前) ;

so far; up to now; up till now:迄今为止 四、常考短语

has/have been to: 去过已回 has/have gone to:去了未回 has been in: 一直在?

语法复习-时态 特殊时态用法:

1.if, unless, when, as soon as, not until 主将从现 2.come, go, arrive, soon 进行时表将来

3.has been to 去过,已离开 has gone to 去了,未归 has been in 4.瞬时动词不连 for, since, how long

常见瞬时动词:come, arrive, go, leave, die, open, join

在??停留 可替换形式:be+ adj./adv./n. 表状态

4. 四大时态复习

Mcdull was born in 1995.(一般过去时) He is eating a lot these days.(现在进行时)

In order to lose weight, Mcdull does sports every day.(一般现在时) Luckily, he will eat his favorite food on his birthday. (一般将来时)

时态的定义 一般现在时:

A:表习惯性或规律性的动作。 B:表现在状态。 一般过去时:

A:过去某个时间发生的动作 B:过去经常性/习惯性的动作 C:表过去状态 一般将来时:

A:将来某时会发生的动作 B:将来计划、打算做的动作 C.表将来状态 现在进行时: A. B. C.

说话时正在进行的动作 现阶段正在发生的动作 现在进行时表将来

时态的构成

一般现在时:主+ am/is/are 或主+do/does

一般过去时:主+did/was/were

一般将来时:主+ will/shall/be going to+ v原(动词原形) 现在进行时:主+ am/is/are + doing

动词的变形 一般现在时:1. +s

2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es

3.以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i,+es 4. 以o结尾的动词,+es 一般过去时:1.直接+ed 2.去e, +ed

3.重读闭音节或-r 音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(x除外),双写末尾辅音字母,+ed

4.改词尾y为,+ed 一般将来时:无

现在进行时:1.直接+ing 2.去e, +ing

3.重读闭音节结尾,双写末尾辅音字母,+ing 4.改词尾ie为y, +ing

时态的标志词

一般现在时:总经常,有每没,复星周(always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, never, on Sundays, once a day?)

一般过去时:昨天上个XX前,in加(过去的)年份when字连(yesterday,last week, three weeks ago, in 2008, when I was?)

一般将来时:明天下个XX后,in加时段表将来 (tomorrow, next week, in three weeks?) 现在进行时:时间类:now, at the moment, these days, this month

情景类:look, listen, be careful, look out, where is Tom? I can’t find him.

各时态考点

一般现在时:1.表示客观事实、普遍真理

Our science teacher told us the earth goes (go) around the sun. 2. 主将从现

If it rains(rain) tomorrow, we won’t go to the park. 3.表示按规定或时间表将发生的动作

According to the timetable, the plane takes off (take off)at 8:10. 一般过去时:[公邮已有不规则动词变化表,请另行下载]

1.可以表过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作(即使有always, often等频率副词也用过去时态)

When I was young, I often went (go) swimming.

2. 可以用“used to + 动词原形” 表过去经常或者反复发生的动作

I used to visit (visit) my grandparents in the past. 一般将来时:

1. be going to + v原:有迹象表明要发生的事情

Look at the clouds! There is going to (will/be going to) be a storm. 2. will v原:必然发生的,不可改变的事情

Little Mary will (will/be going to) 13 years old next year.

3.现在进行时表将来(来来去去开始停止死,come, arrive, go, leave, start, begin, stop, die) The bus is coming soon. 现在进行时:

1. 表示现阶段正在发生的动作

These days most young people are reading (read) that popular novel. 2. 说话时正在进行的动作

Look! The boys are swimming (swim) happily in the river. 3. 感官系动词没有进行时:smell, look, feel, taste, sound Listen, that song sounds nice.

4. be always doing可以表示极端的感情色彩, 如厌烦,抱怨或惊喜等。 Why are you always making me tired?