【海淀一模】第二节（共5小题；毎小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。

Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds.The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio directionand ranging. As the human eye useslight waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weatherand ships could not move safely in thick fog. 51 In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did notmake great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. 52 It hasbeen used widely in almost every conflict since then. Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an objectand returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On thescreen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. 53 Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend onradar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. 54 Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction,and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance tothe moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.

55 Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and evenspying space satellites. A. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars. B. These measurements are now highly accurate. C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.

D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers. E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.

F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.

G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 51. D 52. E 53. B 54. A 55. G

【西城一模】

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Art of Slow Reading

If you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. 51 They suggest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion.

So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read

from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. 52 But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to each other.

53 A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What’s to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer. 54 Personally, I’m not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position.55 You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you’re still reading my article, that is slow reading.

A. The Internet is probably part of the problem.

B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading.

C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects.

D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand.

E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week. F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular. G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 51. C 52. G 53. B 54. E 55. D

【朝阳一模】

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Different Cultures

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.71 The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are fostered by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India.72 Then in Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture gradually went overseas to Japan, mixed into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same system.

When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.73Like the Chinese culture, the European one also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European

one a lot.

74Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference counts as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干扰) from the other.

The differences are everywhere.75But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther. A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture. B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.

C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. D. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. E. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole. F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. G. They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

71—75 EFCDG

【丰台一模】

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

People Are People

Globalization has brought different cultures together in a way unimaginable one hundred years ago. Today, Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Africans, Anglos, and Hispanics may all work in the same offices, attend the same schools or live in the same neighborhoods. 51 And our society has lately emphasized the importance of diversity.

52 Take the following old proverbs for example.

“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.” Thomas Jefferson, American President

“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.” African proverb

“Be honest to those who are honest, and be also honest to those who are not honest.” Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher

“A sacrifice is written off by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheat.” Hindu saying

53 There seems to be a sort of cultural unity.

We don’t wish to imply all cultures are the same. Cultural diversity is real, and people from different cultures view many situations in different ways. However, historically, different cultures seem to share many common values. They are justice, courage, patience, generosity, equality, mercy and kindness, respect for the elders, and many more. Lying and stealing appear to be wrong no matter where you go. Perhaps some cultures make room for extenuating(情有可原) circumstances more than others; perhaps cultures apply these virtues in different ways; and when values disagree, different cultures may place different levels of importance on them. 54 But both cultures may still value both.

To us, it seems as if there is some sort of code of right and wrong that everyone everywhere seems to understand, regardless of culture. It is almost as if, behind all of the diversity, one finds a common understanding—a human culture, if you will—that goes beyond racial, social, and political boundaries. 55

A. Each value supports many more quotes from different cultures. B. As cultures rub shoulders with each other, many differences stand out. C. These quotes from four separate cultures all support the same value—honesty. D. In other words, one culture may lean more toward justice and another culture more toward mercy.

E. It is almost as if, despite all our differences, we are all still the same—we are just people.

F. We want to show, however, that there is more to these cultures than diversity. G. All people seem to agree that we should tell the truth.