1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book
I ______ ______ a book by him. A book ____ ____ _____ me by him . My mother made me a cake .
I ____ _____ a cake by my mother A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .
2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .
口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。 动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.
3.在see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。 I heard Tom singing just now
Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .
4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 We should take care of the old .
The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ . 四．注意事项：
1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态： last ,have ,own …..belong to ,suit…fine , 2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：
happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳) 3.系动词是没有被动语态：
Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste …. The dish tastes good .
4.有些词组没有被动语态：
sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.
5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .=
All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .
6.在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。 The problem is too difficult to solve.
中考考点十：情态动词
一．情态动词的用法 1. can 用法
1）表示能力，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。
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Two eyes can see more than one.
注：Can you … ? Yes, I can / No,I can’t. 2).表示允许、请求
用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you …..?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could .
Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t . 3）。表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是） It can’t be true . Can it be true ? 2. may 用法
1）表允许，请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。 注：May I ….? Yes ,you may No, you can’t / mustn’t .
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. 2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。 Maybe he knows the news .= He _____ _____ the news. 3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step.
注：Must I ….? Yes, you must / No,you needn’t(don’t have to ). --Must we hand in our exercise—books now? --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。 You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。 There must be something wrong ,____ ____? 4.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1).用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。 a).Need I ….? Yes , you must / No, you needn’t . Need we finish the work today ?Yes you __? A.need B.can C. may D.must
b).need + do sth . 变否定句：needn’t do sth 变疑问句：Need sb do sth ? 2).用作实义动词
a).need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things . 变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth . 变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?
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Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t . You don’t need to do it yourself.
b).当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done . The table needs painting . =The table needs _____ _____ _____ . 5.had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形 = It’s best to do sth .
You had better ______ (stay )at home . = _____ ______ ______ stay at home . 2). Had better not +动词原形
We had better ________(not play ) the computer games . 6.must 与have to
1).一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to
2).must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因） have to ―必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因） I can’t stop playing the computer games . For your health ,I’m afraid you ______. A.can B.may C.must D.had to 二．情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干” I should have finished the work earlier.
He isn’t here. He must have missed the train. 2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在??”，“可能正在??”，“应当正在”等意。 It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch. They may be discussing this problem. He can’t be telling the truth.
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak. 三．情态动词的同义转换. 1.can = be able to 2.must = have to
3.needn’t = don’t have to 4.need do sth = need to do sth .
中考考点十一：非谓语动词
一、动词不定式
1.动词不定式作宾语。
1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。 I hope ______(hear)from you soon .
2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。 After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest . He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work). 2.动词不定式作宾语补。
1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth
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Please ask him _________(come) quickly.
2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to . He made the baby _______(stop) crying . The baby was made ______ _____ crying. 3.动词不定式作主语
1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。 To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth To get an injection is a little painful .
_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection 4.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后 名词或代词+to do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。 I want a pen to write ______.
I want a piece of paper to write ______. 5.动词不定式与疑问词连用 疑问词+ to do sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth‖. Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ? Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital. 6.动词不定式可作状语
1).动词不定式可作目的状语
在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。 He came here ______(get)his book. 2).动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语 He was glad _______(see) his wife. 3).动词不定式可作结果状语
在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。 He was too tired _______(walk) on . 7.动词不定式作表语 be + to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。 Her wish is _______(become) a doctor . _____ _____ is her wish . 8.动词不定式的否定形式 在动词不定式的前面加not . He told me _______(not stay) here .
9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。 1).动词不定式符号的省略情况
若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有
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