d. It is unknown / a question / not clear / not certain / not known / wondered / asked whether(how, when, who..)-clause . (whether/how/who/when-clause是真正的主语, it是形式主语.)

a. It is clear that he means well.

b. It is said that there are hundreds of languages in the world. It is reported that China has sent up another man-made satellite.

It is known to all that China is a country with the largest population in the world. c. It is important that we should master advanced technology. It is strange that he should not have passed the exam.

It is suggested that the sports meet (should) be delayed until next Saturday. d. It is not clear whether he means well. It is a question how we can finish the task in such a short time. It is wondered whether there is life on other planets. 41. a. It is + adj. / n. + (for sb.) to do sth. b. It is clever (polite, foolish, kind …) of sb. to do sth. c. It is no use (no good, no harm …) (sb.’s) doing sth. d. There is no use (good , need, reason …) (for sb.) to do sth. a. It is not necessary for us to worry about him. It is a pleasure for him to do more for others. b. It is impolite of you to treat the guests that way. (c.f. You are impolite to treat the guests that way.) c. It is no use saying much without doing anything. d. There is no need for us to worry about him.

42. a. It is time for sth. 做某事的时候到了, 该干某事了

b. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. =The time of sb.’s doing sth. has come. 该是某人做某事的时候.

c. It is time that sb, did sth. =It is time that sb. should do sth. 该是某人做某事的时候.

d. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了 a. Is it time for dinner?

b. I don’t think it is time for the child to get up. It’s still early. c. It is time that we went to bed now. d. Whose turn is it to be on duty today?

第13页 共17页

43. a. wish that-clause (that-clause的时态按陈述语气的时态往过去推移一步)

b. order / advise (建议) / suggest (建议) / require(要求) / demand(要求) / ask(要求) / insist(坚决要求) that-clause (should + 原形动词, 或省略should)

c. insist (坚持认为) / suggest (暗示, 表明) that-clause (陈述语气) a. I wish I were a bird.

He wished he knew his friend’s telephone number. (当wish是过去式时, 后面的宾语从句谓语时态不往过去推移一步, 与陈述语气相同.)

b. They suggested that Fred (should) go there right away. (c.f. They suggested Fred’s/Fred going there right away.) The present situation requires that it be done at once. I asked that I be sent where I was needed. He insisted that I should go with him. (c.f. He insisted on my/me going with him.) c. I insist that it has nothing to do with John. Her expression suggested that she was angry. (c.f. Her expression suggested anger.)

(for sb.) to do sth. 44. Vt. + it(形式宾语) + adj. / n.(宾语补足语) (sb.’s) doing sth. (真正的宾语) that-clause 说明: vt.: find(觉得, 发现) , feel (觉得), think(认为), consider(认为), make(使…成为… ), take … for granted (对..想当然, 对…信以为真)

As he was an old friend of hers, she found it difficult to refuse him. He feels it his duty to help the passengers out. She has made it a rule to rise early.

I think it necessary that we should master a foreign language at school. (c.f. I think it is necessary that we should master a foreign language at school.) We found it no use explaining this to him. We all think it a question what to do next.

We took it for granted that they would accept our suggestion. (She used to tell me not to take anything for granted.

第14页 共17页

45. By the time-clause, + 主句(过去完成时 / 将来完成时) 到……的时候, (将)已经……

By the time he arrived , the film had been on for half an hour.

By the time he graduates from college, I will have worked as a teacher for three years. 46. On / Upon doing sth. , + 句子(一般过去时 / 一般将来时) 一…… 就……

Upon seeing his teacher standing at the school gate, he turned back and hurried away. (=As soon as he saw his teacher standing at the school gate, he turned back and hurried away.) On arriving at the hillside, we began planting trees.

(=On our arrival at the hillside, we began planting trees. / As soon as we arrived at the hillside, we began planting trees.)

adj. / n. (表语), 47. adv. (状语), as + 主语 + 谓语 , + 主句 主要谓语动词, 虽然……, 但是……

Clever as he is, he is never proud of this. (=Though he is clever, he is never proud of this.) Hero as he is , he has some shortcomings. (=Though he is a hero, he has some shortcomings.) Hard as he may work, he has little chance of passing the test. (= Though he may work hard, he has little chance of passing the test.) Try as you will, you won’t manage it. (=Though you will try, you won’t manage it.)

48. a. so as (not) to do 以便… (目的状语, 不能放在句首)

so that-clause (can, be able to, may) 以便… (目的状语, 不能放在句首) b. in order(not) to do 为了… (目的状语)

in order that-clause (can, be able to, may) 为了…(目的状语)

a. We hurried there so as to see them off . (=We hurried there so that we could see them off.) We should work hard so as to (=so that we can) build China into a modern powerful socialist country.

第15页 共17页

c.f. She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (=She was very angry so as to be unable to speak.) (结果状语) Nothing more was heard of him, so that people thought that he was dead. (结果状语)

b. He shouted at the top of his voice in order to (=in order that he might) be heard. In order that everybody may understand, I’ll explain it once more. 49. a. so,,, (adj. or adv.) that-clause 如此… 以致于… b. such…(n.) that-clause 如此 … 以致于…

adj . +a(an) + n. + that-clause 如此… 以致于 … many c. so much few + n. + that-clause 如此… 以致于… little a. She was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.

The teacher spoke so fast that we could hardly follow him. b. He is such a clever boy that everyone here loves him. c. He is so clever a boy that everyone here loves him. The colour TV set costs so much money that no one can afford it. So few people would accept his theory that he had to give it up. 50. a. too + adj. or adv. + (for sb.) to do … 太… 以致于不能 … b. too + adj. + a (an) + n. + to do … 太 … 的 … 以致于不能… c. adj. or adv. + enough (for sb.) to do (sth) 足够 … 以致于能… a. No one is too old to learn. (=One is never too old to learn).

Mary got up too late that morning to catch the first bus. (=Mary got up so late that morning that she could not catch the first bus.)

c.f. This question is too difficult to answer. This question is too difficult for me to answer. (=This question is so difficult that I can’t answer it.)

The bridge is too narrow for the truck to pass through. (=The bridge is so narrow that the truck can’t pass through it.)

b. This is too narrow a bridge for the truck to pass through. It is too hot a day to work.

第16页 共17页

c. He is not strong enough to carry the heavy box. (=He is not so strong that he can’t carry the heavy box.) c.f. The maths problem is easy enough (for him) to work out. (=The maths problem is so easy that he can work it out.)

This room isn’t big enough for us three to live in. (=This room is not so big that we three can’t live in it.)

第17页 共17页