Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 — Pre-reading

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BODY LANGUAGE SPEAKS FOR ITSELF

If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on？ You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well, maybe passing an exam or winning a race. You would know what was going on because you understood the message conveyed by the father's body language. Across the world, a pat on the back and a smile usually means，“Well done”．

Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to — and sometimes even replace — spoken language. Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is

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easier to miss.

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①pat/p?t/vt. & n．轻拍；拍

see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 pat sb. on the back 拍某人的背

if 引导条件状语从句，主句中would you think 是插入语。

②congratulate/k?n'ɡr?t??leIt/vt.祝贺

congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做)某事 ③conveyed by ... 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 the message。

④that consists of ... spoken language 是that 引导的定语从句，修饰language。在这个定语从句中又包含了一个that 引导的定语从句，修饰gestures, facial expressions and body movements。两个that 均在各自的定语从句中充当主语。

⑤be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于做

⑥communicate ... to ... 表达，传达 communicate ... with ... 与……交流/沟通 ⑦differ from 与……不同 be different from 与……不同

⑧explicit/Ik'splIsIt/adj.明确的；清楚的 as 引导原因状语从句。

⑨while是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，意为“而，却”，在语意上表示转折。

⑩eyebrow/'aIbra?/n.眉毛

?conveying doubt 为现在分词短语作后置定语。

肢体语言亦可传情达意 [第1～2段译文] 如果你看到一位父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背部，你认为会发生什么事？你可能会认为父亲在祝贺他的儿子某事做得好，也许是通过考试或者是赢得比赛。你知道发生的事情是因为你明白父亲的肢体语言所表达的信息。在全世界，拍背部和微笑通常都意味着“做得好”。 肢体语言每天都被全世界不同国家的人使用。这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和肢体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了——有时甚至取代了——口头语言。肢体语言就像其他任何语言一样，被用来交流各种态度和喜怒等感情，但是与口头语言不同的是，它不总是明确清楚的。某人高兴地跳跃是容易看到的，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑却更容易被人忽略。 People often use body language on purpose. Someone who does not know the answer to a question will move

??their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, meaning“I don't know”. However, body language can be unconscious as well. A person who is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have a tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realise how they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough how they are feeling. Body language can therefore make people's feelings more transparent

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as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy 21. to do so with our bodies○

?on purpose/'p??p?s/故意地

?本段中三个who引导的从句均是定语从句。 to a question 是answer的定语。 ?upwards/'?pw?dz/adv.向上地 ?upper/'?p?/adj.上面的

?unconscious/?n'k?n??s/adj.无意的；不知不觉的 ?rigid/'rId?Id/adj.僵硬的

in a(n) ... manner ＝ in a(n) ... way 以……方式 ?tight/taIt/adj.绷紧的