7.Confucianism & Translating

7.1 Confucius(551—479 B.C.), the founder of Confucianism （Tomb of Confucius in Kong Lin cemetery） 22） 子曰: “吾十有五而立志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩”。

A） The master said: “ At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I know the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right. ( James Legge 1814—1897 )

B) The Master said: “ At fifteen, I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of Heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.” ( Arthur Waley 1889-1966)

C) Confucius said: “ At fifteen, I made up my mind to study; at thirty, I was established; at forty, I was no longer perplexed; at fifty, I understood the will of Heaven; at sixty, I listened to everything without feeling unhappy; at seventy, I followed all my desires and none of them was against the norms.

( Ding Wangdao 1924-2010) 7.2 Humanity and 8 virtues

义、礼、智、信、忠、恕、孝、悌

7.3 The Analects

Humanitarianism & equality Morality

Education & knowledge Others

7.3.1 Humanitarianism & Equality 23) “性相近也;习相远也。”

A) By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart. (by Legge)

B) By nature near together, by practice far apart.

(by Waley) C) By nature men are pretty alike, but learning and practice set them apart. (by Ding ) 24) “己所不欲，勿施于人。”

A) What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others. (by Legge) B) Do not do to others what you would not like yourself. (by Walley)

C) Not to impose on others what one does not desire oneself. (by Ding)

D) Do as you would be done by.

25) “ 夫仁者， 己欲立而立人，己欲达而达 人。”

A) To help others to stand up when one wants to stand up oneself, and help others to understand things when one wants to understand things oneself.(2001) ( by Ding)

B) A humane person is one who helps others to be established when he wishes to be established himself, and helps others to be successful when he wishes to be successful himself. (1999) (by Ding) 26) “ 志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀生以成 仁。”

A) The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete. (by Legge)

B) Neither the knight who has truly the heart of a knight nor the man of good stock who has the qualities that belong to good stock will ever seek life at the expense of Goodness; and it may be that he has to give his life in order to achieve Goodness. (by Waley)

C) A man with lofty ideals or a humane man never gives up humanity to save his life, but may sacrifice his life to achieve humanity.

D) A determined or humane man never gives up humanity to save his life, but he may sacrifice his life to realize humanity.

(by Ding) 7.3.2 Morality

27) 道听而途说，德之弃也。

A) To tell, as we go along, what we have heard on the way, is to cast away our virtue. (by Legge)

B) To tell in the lane what you have heard on the highroad is to throw merit away. ( by Arthur Waley) 28) 德不孤，必有邻。

A) Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbours.

( by Legge) B) Moral force(te) never dwells in solitude; it will always bring neighbors.

( by Arthur Waley) 29). 巧言令色，鲜矣仁。

A) The Master said, “Fine words and an insinuating

appearance are seldom associated with true virtue.”

( by Legge) B) Clever talk and a pretentious mare are seldom found in the Good. ( by Arthur Waley)

C) Tricky talk and pretentious manner are seldom compatible with the benevolent.

30) 富与贵，是人之所欲也，不以其道得之不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也，不以其道得之不去也。

Wealth and high position are desired by all men, but I would not have them if they were not won in the right way. Poverty and low position are hated by all men, but I would not leave them if they could not be rid of in the right way. 7.3.3 Education & knowledge 31) 有教无类。

32) 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 33)温故而知新，可以为师矣。

34)知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 7.3.4 Some other aspects

35.智者乐水，仁者乐山；智者动，仁者静；智者乐，仁者寿。

The wise enjoy water, while the benevolent prefer mountains; the wise are active and the benevolent placid; the wise are happy and the benevolent long lived.

The wise man delights in water, the Good man delights in mountains. For the wise move; but the Good stay still. The wise are happy; but the good, secure.

(Arthur Waley)

36.学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎。

A) Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take note of him?”

( Legge)

B) The Master said, To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful? To remain unsoured even though one’s merits are unrecognised by others, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman?

( Arthur Waley)

B) Isn’t it a pleasure to have a frequent use of what is learned? How happy we are to have friends from afar, and isn’t it gentlemanly to be unperturbed when not appreciated?

C) Is it not a pleasure to learn and practise from time to time what is learned? Is it not a joy to see a friend who has come from a faraway place? Is it not gentlemanly to have no resentment when one is not properly understood?

( Ding)

37.人之生也直，罔之生也幸而免。

(人生本来就是正直的，至于受染了坏的习气而邪曲诬罔，失去了正直，难免遭受祸害；如果仍然得以生活着，那只是侥幸而已。) A) Man is born for uprightness. If a man lose his

uprightness, and yet live, his escape from death is the effect of mere good fortune.

B) Man’s very life is honesty, in that without it

he will be lucky indeed if he escapes with his life.

( Arthur Waley) C) Men live with honesty. The dishonest live, spared by fortune.

38.君子和而不同，小人同而不和

A) The gentleman aims at harmony, and not at uniformity. The small man aims at uniformity, and not at harmony.

B) The true gentlement is conciliatory but not accommodating. Common people are accomodating but not conciliatory. ( Arthur Waley) 7.3.5 The Mencius & the four moral qualities

39. Wealth and honor cannot make him dissipate, poverty and mean condition cannot make him swerve, and power and force cannot make him bend himself.

Five Canons/Classics and Four Books 31. A) I teach everyone without making distinction.

B) In education there is no class distinction.

C) In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. (Legge)

D) There should be education for everyone without distinction. (Ding)

E) There is a difference in instruction but none in kind. （ Arthur Waley) 32.A) He who learns but does not think, is lost.

He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger. （by Arthur Waley) B) He who learns without thinking

will be bewildered; He who thinks without learning will be in danger. C) To learn without thinking is labor

in vain, and to think without learning is Desolation.

33. A) Confucius said, “He can be a teacher

who finds what is new in reviewing what is old.” ( Legge)

B）He who by reanimating [warming up] the Old can gain knowledge of the New is

fit to be a teacher. (Arthur Waley)

C) Exploring more based on the known make a teacher.