?每一个驾驶汽车的英国人都会告诉你，警察非常不公平地使用雷达来抓那些只是偶尔稍微超速行驶的驾车人。 ?每一个驾驶汽车的英国人都会告诉你，警察 用雷达来抓那些只是偶尔稍微超速行驶的驾车人，这种做法很不公平。 ?如按原语语序在目的语中作同步对应转换，那在目的语中势必造成行文上的不自然。 ?They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. ?他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
?Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get in the United States.
?顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
??he had sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phase. ?他认为口语是语言的支柱，因此极力主张用生动活泼的口语。这种看法很有道理。
?翻译时要进行此类转换，因此引起伴随的变通。这时最好的办法是拆出原搭配，令作处理，否则即可能形成行文阻梗。 ?I walked back into dismantled apartment. It stinks of departure. ?我回到公寓，家具都已收拾一空，到处弥漫着离情别绪。
?原语“障碍点”本身需要阐释，如同步转换可能形成累赘，不如拆离。
?He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial. ?长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切。现在，除看不起之外，亲切感也没有了。 ?She treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect. ?她对于那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩。
?She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own. ?她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，器量又大，为人又乐观。
?There was in the old library at Queen?s Crawley a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century, both in the French and English language.
?在女王的克劳莱大厦的书房里，有不少18世纪的文学作品，有英文的，也有法文的，都是些轻松的读物。
二
被动语态的译法
?为了强调接受动作的人或事务的重要性。
?我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。
?National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. ?中美已经建立了外交关系。
?Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the U.S.A. ?一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。
?Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. ??为了强调上下文的连贯性。
?他出现在台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。
?He appeared on the stage and was applauded by the audience.
?口试时，问了十个问题，她全答对了。
?She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly. ??为了使措辞得当，语气委婉,多见于讲话，通知或请贴中。 ?请你给我们表演一个节目。
?You are requested to give a performance. ?来宾请出示入场券。
?Visitors are requested to show their tickets.
三
定语从句的译法
区别：
?从所处位置看，英语的定语置于中心词前后均可，通过独特的方式（如形容词词尾或关系代词等）把定语与中心词连接起来。现代汉语的定语一般置于中心词之前，靠结构主词“的”（有时可省略）把定语与中心词连接起来。 ?从长度看，英语的定语长短不一，视表达需要而定。现代汉语的定语则讲究轻快，不宜过长。
?从充当定语的成分上看，汉语主要为名词、代词、形容词和一些动词性结构等。英语除了名词、介词、形容词和类似汉语动词性结构的分词以及动词不定式外，还有定语从句。
?从表意功能上看，汉语的定语是对中心词的修饰或限定，英语的定语（从句）在意义上有时不一定是定语（修饰或限定）还可以表示主谓、动宾等关系（代词或名词所有格以及个别介词等作定语时），以及“原因”、“条件”、“让步”、“目的”等意义。 ?前置法
?I was, to borrow from him, the spy who who was to stay out in the cold. ?借用他的话说，我成了一个被打入冷宫的间谍了。 ?The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. ?在他手下工作的人对他怕得要命。 后置法
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲自己的生命。
译成并列分句，重复英语先行词。
?有些定语从句可能很长，也可能并不长，但与前面结合得并不紧，往往是对前面得补充说明。这种情况在汉语里一般是用并列谓语或并列分句来顺着说下去，或者另起一句。
?He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighted up to two pounds each. ?他居然种出了二百格奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两镑。
?It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. ?是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
?He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury. ?他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人，眼睛里愤怒地闪着红光。
?When she was lost to his view, he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky, where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly.
?直到看不见她了，他才向家走去，有时望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔驰。
?One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. ?有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我生平所仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 ?溶合法（p.132）
?兼有状语职能的定语从句。
?The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.（表“因”） ?大使只宴请了几个人，因为他特地想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。
?There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.（表“果”） ?这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以使他们都很喜欢， ?He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.（表“让步”） ?他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
?The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant lands.(表“目的”）
?帝国注意国家维持了庞大的陆海军，用以压迫和剥削远地的人民。
?men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.(条件） ?人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。
第六章 一 习语的译法
?习语（idioms):俗语（colloquialism)、谚语（proverbs)、俚语（slang expressions)
?特点：人民智慧的结晶、语言中重要的修辞手段、形象鲜明、富于浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩等。 ?National characteristics of idioms:
?Different historical background with different legends and anecdotes about historical figures;三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮；孙悟空跳不出如来佛的掌心;every Caesar has his Brutus;
?Different social systems, cultural heritage, science and technology: 清明时节雨纷纷，to win his spurs，清官难断家务事，卖狗皮膏药，a red-letter day,三头六臂等
?Different geographical conditions: to take French leave; to set the Thames on fire; to carry coals to Newcastle, 不到黄河心不死 ?Different living experiences: 狗
?直译法：在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条件下，在译文中保留英语习语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。
?好处：保留了原文鲜明形象、丰富译文语言 ?Packed like sardines ?Sour grapes ?An olive branch ?The Trojan horse ?Blood is thicker than water ?A rolling stone gathers no moss.
??套用法：两种语言在内容和形式上都相互符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有相同的或大体相同的形象比喻。如：
?（一）双方有完全相同的形象比喻 ?To praise to the skies ? 捧上天去
?To fish in troubled waters ?混水摸鱼
?To add fuel to the fire ? 火上浇油
?To be on thin ice ?如履薄冰 ?Walls have ears ? 隔墙有耳
?Strike while the iron is hot ?趁热打铁
?（二）双方有大体相同的形象比喻 ?A drop in the ocean ?沧海一粟
?To laugh off one?s head ?笑掉牙齿
?To shed crocodile tear ?猫哭老鼠