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三、“介词 ＋ 关系代词”引导的定语从句

作介词宾语的关系代词一般是which和whom，“介词＋which/whom”既可以引导限制

性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构： 1． 介词 ＋ 关系代词

Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

＝ Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.

2． 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词

Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were 曼德拉是我寻求建议的一位黑人律师。

English novels.

＝ Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.

3． 形容词最高级 ＋ 介词 ＋ 关系代词

China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有成千上万的上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。

岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。

四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非

限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。

限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从

句起补充说明作用，去掉了不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

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如：

People who take physical exercise live longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得更长些。(限制

性定语从句，若把从句去掉句子的意思就不完整。)

His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士

顿，(她)下星期回来。(非限制性定语从句，若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整。)

五、必须注意的几个问题

1． 定语从句与状语从句、同位语从句及强调句的辨析 比较 例句 区别 与where引①Years later, he went to New ①where引导的是定语从句，York, where/in which he made 导的地点状修饰先行词，在从句中作状语，great success. 语从句的区②The tree should be planted where可以转化为“介词＋ 别 where there is plenty of rain. which”。 ②句中where引导的从句前无先行词，因此引导的是地点状语从句，where本身在从句中作状语，不能转化为“介词＋关系代词”。 比较 例句 区别 学 海 无 涯

与同位语从①This is the suggestion(that) ①that引导的是定语从句，句的区别 he put forward. that代替先行词在从句中充当②He gave me a suggestion that we should start at 5 o'clock. 宾语。②同位语从句中连接词that 在从句中无意义，不作成分但不可省略。 与强调句的①It was last night that I saw 判断强调句的方法是把it is/ 区别 the accident. was和 that (who) 去掉，如果②It was a time when there were still slaves. 句子仍然完整，则是强调句。(①句去掉it was…that 成为I saw the accident last night.)

2. “使用where而非真实‘地点’”型定语从句

定语从句的先行词是situation, case, point, scene等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使

用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。如：

I have come to the point where I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。

He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over

the plane.

他发现他到了有可能会失去控制飞机的地步。

1． 关系代词的误用及漏用

(1) 【误】 I've read all the books which you lent me.

【正】 I've read all the books that you lent me.

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(2) 【误】 The student is standing there is our monitor.

【正】 The student (who/that is) standing there is our monitor.

【解析】 定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，few等修饰时，关系代词用that。

【解析】 定语从句中关系代词作主语时不能省略；此处也可把定语从句改为现在分词作定语。

(3) 【误】 Dinner starts with a small dish，that is often called a starter.

(4)【误】 He lives in the room，the window of that faces the south.

(5) 【误】 The man with who I worked has left.

2. 定语从句主谓不一致

【误】 This is one of the rooms that is free now.

【正】 This is one of the rooms that are free now.

【解析】 在one of…结构中，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数。【正】 The man with whom I worked has left. 【解析】 “介词＋whom”引导定语从句。

【正】 He lives in the room，the window of which faces the south. 【解析】 “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词用which不用that。 【正】 Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter. 【解析】 用which引导非限制性定语从句，而不用that引导。