The Owners shall be entitled to recover from the Charterers the extra expenses of such discharge and, if the discharge takes place at any port other than the loading port, to receive the full freight as though the cargo had been carried to the discharging port and if the extra distance exceeds 100 miles, to additional freight which shall be the same percentage of the freight contracted for as the percentage which the extra distance represents to the distance of the normal and customary route, the Owners having a lien on the cargo for such expenses and freight. (4) If at any stage of the voyage after the loading of the cargo commences, it appears that, in the reasonable judgement of the Master and/or the Owners, the Vessel, her cargo, crew or other persons on board the Vessel may be, or are likely to be, exposed to War Risks on any part of the route (including any canal or waterway) which is normally and customarily used in a voyage of the nature contracted for, and there is another longer route to the discharging port, the Owners shall give notice to the Charterers that this route will be taken. In this event the Owners shall be entitled, if the total extra distance exceeds 100 miles, to additional freight which shall be the same percentage of the freight contracted for as the percentage which the extra distance represents to the distance of the normal and customary route. (5) The Vessel shall have liberty:- (a) to comply with all orders, directions, recommendations or advice as to departure, arrival, routes, sailing in convoy, ports of call, stoppages, destinations, discharge of cargo, delivery or in any way whatsoever which are given by the Government of the Nation under whose flag the Vessel sails, or other Government to whose laws the Owners are subject, or any other Government which so requires, or any body or group acting with the power to compel compliance with their orders or directions; (b) to comply with the orders, directions or recommendations of any war risks underwriters who have the authority to give the same under the terms of the war risks insurance; (c) to comply with the terms of any resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations, any directives of the European Community, the effective orders of any other Supranational body which has the right to issue and give the same, and with national laws aimed at enforcing the same to which the Owners are subject, and to obey the orders and directions of those who are charged with their enforcement; (d) to discharge at any other port any cargo or part thereof which may render the Vessel liable to confiscation as a contraband carrier; (e) to call at any other port to change the crew or any part thereof or other persons on board the Vessel when there is reason to believe that they may be subject to internment, imprisonment or other sanctions; (f) where cargo has not been loaded or has been discharged by the Owners under any provisions of this Clause, to load other cargo for the Owners' own benefit and carry it to any other port or ports whatsoever, whether backwards or forwards or in a contrary direction to the ordinary or customary route. - 45 -

(6) If in compliance with any of the provisions of sub-clauses (2) to (5) of this Clause anything is done or not done, such shall not be deemed to be a deviation, but shall be considered as due fulfilment of the Contract of Carriage. （1）(a)定义owner

(b)定义war risk （2）装货前发生战争 （3）航行中发生战争

“near clause”附近港条款：如果装港或卸港是不安全的，船东应当合理的选择附近安全港。

48小时内通知要求该港，如果租家不选，船东来选。 （4）听从船旗国的指示 （5）船东有选择权

三、冰冻

GENCON94-A19 18. General Ice Clause Port of loading (a) In the event of the loading port being inaccessible by reason of ice when the Vessel is ready to proceed from her last port or at any time during the voyage or on the Vessel's arrival or in case frost sets in after the Vessel's arrival, the Master for fear of being frozen in is at liberty to leave without cargo, and this Charter Party shall be null and void. (b) If during loading the Master, for fear of the Vessel being frozen in, deems it advisable to leave, he has liberty to do so with what cargo he has on board and to proceed to any other port or ports with option of completing cargo for the Owners' benefit for any port or ports including port of discharge. Any part cargo thus loaded under this Charter Party to be forwarded to destination at the Vessel's expense but against payment of freight, provided that no extra expenses be thereby caused to the Charterers, freight being paid on quantity delivered (in proportion if lumpsum), all other conditions as per this Charter Party. (c) In case of more than one loading port, and if one or more of the ports are closed by ice, the Master or the owners to be at liberty either to load the part cargo at the open port and fill up elsewhere for their own account as under section (b) or to declare the Charter Party null and void unless the Charterers agree to load full cargo at the open port. Port of discharge (a) Should ice prevent the Vessel from reaching port of discharge the Charterers shall have the option of keeping the Vessel waiting until the re-opening of navigation and paying demurrage or of ordering the Vessel to a safe and immediately accessible port where she can safely discharge without risk of detention by ice. Such orders to be given within 48 hours after the Master or the Owners have given notice to the Charterers of the impossibility of reaching port of destination. (b) If during discharging the Master for fear of the Vessel being frozen in deems it - 46 -

advisable to leave, he has liberty to do so with what cargo he has on board and to proceed to the nearest accessible port where she can safely discharge. (c) On delivery of the cargo at such port, all conditions of the Bill of Lading shall apply and the Vessel shall receive the same freight as if she had discharged at the original port of destination, except that if the distance of the substituted port exceeds 100 nautical miles, the freight on the cargo delivered at the substituted port to be increased in proportion. 装港

(a)如果有冰冻，在没载货前，船东可以解约，或者在航行中解约，合同无效 (b)船有可能被冻住，船东有权拒绝载货

(c)三个港口只要有一个是冻港，船东有权去不冻港，拒载去冻港的货，且有权载其他人的货。 卸港

(a)等待解冻or去附近港口

(b)卸港时有可能冻住，船东有自由权带着没有卸下的货去另一个港口 (c)去其他港口超过100kn需要按比例增加运费。

第十九节 代理人条款

GENCON A14 14. Agency In every case the Owners shall appoint their own Agent both at the port of loading and the port of discharge. ·装卸港代理有船东指定，除非有其他合同条款。 ·指定不等于它就是委托人。 ·船东指定的代理忠诚船东。

【案例】

·A（船东）-V/C-B（租方）-V/C-C（卖方）

·合同约定租方指定代理，但代理代表船东签发提单。 ·代理与卖方签倒签提单。

·船到港发生问题，收货人找船东。 ·船东是实际承运人，先赔偿。

·船东再找租家，租家说自己不是承运人，是代理签发的，且代理代表船东签发倒签提单，应当找代理。

代理早已消失无踪。 ·船东风险极大。

·因此船东要牢牢把握指定权。

【Protective agent】

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租方坚持说自己代理，船东自己再去委托一家代理，但主要代理工作还是由租方指定的代理工作，船方自己指定的代理只是做监督作用。

第二十节 佣金条款

GENCON A15 15. Brokerage A brokerage commission at the rate stated in Box 24 on the freight, dead-freight and demurrage earned is due to the party mentioned in Box 24. In case of non-execution 1/3 of the brokerage on the estimated amount of freight to be paid by the party responsible for such non-execution to the Brokers as indemnity for the latter's expenses and work. In case of more voyages the amount of indemnity to be agreed. ·A15(2)如果合同签订以后由于某方的违约和合同没有执行，违约方应当承担经纪人的1/3费用。

【问题】若经纪人不付费，经纪人是否能告船东？

·经纪人合同狭义上时居间合同，实际上还身兼行间代理和委托合同。 ·实务中经纪人很少会找船东要钱，留个人情。

·若租约合同约定船东给经纪人付费，没付租方的经纪人，租方经纪人可否告船东？ ·英国法可以：Contract (Right to 3rd party) Act 1999，第三方若在合同中受益，则第三方视为合同的当事人。

·中国法：《合》A64——债务人应向第三人履行债务而没没有履行，应当向债权人承担违约责任。——若租方的经纪人没有拿到佣金，则只能由租方出面。 ·FONASBA 英国代理人协会：international broker's commission contract ·ASBA美国代理人协会

第二十一节 仲裁和适用法条款

GENCON94 A19 19. Law and Arbitration * (a) This Charter Party shall be governed by and construed in accordance with English law and any dispute arising out of this Charter Party shall be referred to arbitration in London in accordance with the Arbitration Acts 1950 and 1979 or any statutory modification or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force. Unless the parties agree upon a sole arbitrator, one arbitrator shall be appointed by each party and the arbitrators so appointed shall appoint a third arbitrator, the decision of the three-man tribunal thus constituted or any two of them, shall be final. On the receipt by one party of the nomination in writing of the other party's arbitrator, that party shall appoint their arbitrator within fourteen days, failing which the decision of the single arbitrator appointed shall be final. For disputes where the total amount claimed by either party does not exceed the amount stated in Box 25** the arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the Small Claims - 48 -