（4）支付运费在英美法下是condition，连续航次下只要有一个航次不付运费即可以解约。 （5）运费不可扣减，除非合同另有规定（cargo claim中尤其不能扣）

第十七节 船长签发提单条款

一、船长有权签发B/L

二、提单格式 (1)GENCON76-A9 10. Bills of Lading The Captain to sign Bills of Lading at such rate of freight as presented without prejudice to this Charterparty, but should the freight by Bills of Lading amount to less than the total chartered freight the difference to be paid to the Captain in cash on signing Bills of Lading. 船长应签发租方呈上的任何格式的B/L； (2)GENCON94-A10 10. Bills of Lading Bills of Lading shall be presented and signed by the Master as per the \of Lading form, Edition 1994, without prejudice to this Charter Party, or by the Owners' agents provided written authority has been given by Owners to the agents, a copy of which is to be furnished to the Charterers. The Charterers shall indemnify the Owners against all consequences or liabilities that may arise from the signing of bills of lading as presented to the extent that the terms or contents of such bills of lading impose or result in the imposition of more onerous liabilities upon the Owners than those assumed by the Owners under this Charter Party. 船长只得签发CONGENBILL格式的B/L。

三、船长在何种情况下可拒签B/L

1，违法B/L:倒签、预借、保函保不清洁提单 2，与租约完全不一致的B/L

四、当B/L条款与租约不一致时，船长可否拒签？

1，根据[Voyage Charter] p393，不讨论GENCON76-A9, GENCON94-A10，判例表明出明示租约条款约定或船东直接授权外，船长可以不签与V/C下不一致的B/L。

2，GENCON76规定船长必须签发任何租方呈交的B/L，即使B/L的义务比V/C重，或权利义务不一致，也要签发。在此情况下，租方有默示赔偿义务。

五、租约条款B/L（并入条款）Incorporation Clause

1，B/L中并入V/C，在一票货物下，则权利义务关系一致，B/L仅作为物权凭证。

2，若并入的内容与B/L内容不一致，以并入为准。

3，并入条款对B/L持有人的效力问题：

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（1）并入条款的措辞决定V/C哪些内容可以并入 \

\

\与装卸有关的条款 \写明liberty才并入 ·加入\的条款能否并入？

-仲裁并入条款必须予以明示

-C/P中的L&A条款明示租约下和租约下签发的B/L纠纷条款中提示仲裁才有效 【案】 The \ （2）并入条款的效力如何认定？

·英美法：CONGENBILL的措辞足够认定其并入条款有效。

·中国法：两种意见——严格：没有所指租约相对应的内容认为措辞无效；

宽泛：

最好写明：**年*月*日的租约

（3）当有多份租约时，哪份应当并入？ ·Head Voyage Charter

【案】The \

判决：航次租约中下的FIOST条款并入B/L是有效的。 分析：B/L中有并入条款，其中有FIOST条款，海牙规定规定承运人有七大义务，任何减轻、免除义务的条款都无效，依海牙规则，FIOST应是无效的。

新发展：2008鹿特丹规则A14(1)(2)明确七大义务可以在租约合同/提单中写明可以由托运人或收货人承担。

4，并入条款的效力

（1）谁是航次租约下签发B/L下的承运人？

·主要看签字（大部分是船长签字，很少有船东授权租方签字）——承运人是船东。 ·若合同约定租船人签提单，租方亦可以成为承运人（一般是大的无船承运人或货代这样签），实际承运人是船东。

（2）Demise Clause/ Identity of carrier clause——承运人识别条款

·本条款主要是推掉自己是承运人身份，如租家说是为船东签订，自己不是承运人。 ·此条款在我国海商法下是无效的——与托运人签发提单的是承运人。 【案】\

提单里有Demise Clause。提单持有人来告船东，船东说是租方签的，自己不是提单下的承运人。英国1971货运法中没有实际承运人的概念，只有寄托关系。并不存在合同关系法官判定demise clause有效，即租方签提单是代表船东签的，因此船东是提单下的持有人 ·告船东是Demise clause有效；告租家Demise clause无效。——出自William Tetley < Maritime Claim>一书。

第十八节 免责条款

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General Exception Clause

一、罢工

GENCON94-A16 16. General Strike Clause (a) If there is a strike or lock-out affecting or preventing the actual loading of the cargo, or any part of it, when the Vessel is ready to proceed from her last port or at any time during the voyage to the port or ports of loading or after her arrival there, the Master or the Owners may ask the Charterers to declare, that they agree to reckon the laydays as if there were no strike or lock-out. Unless the Charterers have given such declaration in writing (by telegram, if necessary) within 24 hours, the Owners shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party. If part cargo has already been loaded, the Owners must proceed with same, (freight payable on loaded quantity only) having liberty to complete with other cargo on the way for their own account. (b) If there is a strike or lock-out affecting or preventing the actual discharging of the cargo on or after the Vessel's arrival at or off port of discharge and same has not been settled within 48 hours, the Charterers shall have the option of keeping the Vessel waiting until such strike or lock-out is at an end against paying half demurrage after expiration of the time provided for discharging until the strike or lock-out terminates and thereafter full demurrage shall be payable until the completion of discharging, or of ordering the Vessel to a safe port where she can safely discharge without risk of being detained by strike or lock-out. Such orders to be given within 48 hours after the Master or the Owners have given notice to the Charterers of the strike or lock-out affecting the discharge. On delivery of the cargo at such port, all conditions of this Charter Party and of the Bill of Lading shall apply and the Vessel shall receive the same freight as if she had discharged at the original port of destination, except that if the distance to the substituted port exceeds 100 nautical miles, the freight on the cargo delivered at the substituted port to be increased in proportion. (c) Except for the obligations described above, neither the Charterers nor the Owners shall be responsible for the consequences of any strikes or lock-outs preventing or affecting the actual loading or discharging of the cargo. (a)装港罢工

船长向租方发声明，租方在24小时内答复拒绝等罢工事件计入laytime。

船东有两个方式：(1)解约；(2)等罢工结束再装货，但等待时间不计入laytime，继续履行合同。

(b)卸港罢工

船长向租方通知，

租方选择：(1)选择到其他安全港，超过100kn以上按比例增加运费；(2)继续等待，等待时间计入laytime，租方付一半滞期费。

GENCON94新增加\be payable until the completion of discharging.\

有判例，罢工后的滞期费也按一半付，有了此条款后，必须在罢工terminate后要全付。

二、战争

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GENCON94-A17 17. War Risks (\ (1) For the purpose of this Clause, the words: (a) The \managers or other operators who are charged with the management of the Vessel, and the Master; and (b) \hostilities, revolution, rebellion, civil commotion, warlike operations, the laying of mines (whether actual or reported), acts of piracy, acts of terrorists, acts of hostility or malicious damage, blockades (whether imposed against all Vessels or imposed selectively against Vessels of certain flags or ownership, or against certain cargoes or crews or otherwise howsoever), by any person, body, terrorist or political group, or the Government of any state whatsoever, which, in the reasonable judgement of the Master and/or the Owners, may be dangerous or are likely to be or to become dangerous to the Vessel, her cargo, crew or other persons on board the Vessel. (2) If at any time before the Vessel commences loading, it appears that, in the reasonable judgement of the Master and/or the Owners, performance of the Contract of Carriage, or any part of it, may expose, or is likely to expose, the Vessel, her cargo, crew or other persons on board the Vessel to War Risks, the Owners may give notice to the Charterers cancelling this Contract of Carriage, or may refuse to perform such part of it as may expose, or may be likely to expose, the Vessel, her cargo, crew or other persons on board the Vessel to War Risks; provided always that if this Contract of Carriage provides that loading or discharging is to take place within a range of ports, and at the port or ports nominated by the Charterers the Vessel, her cargo, crew, or other persons onboard the Vessel may be exposed, or may be likely to be exposed, to War Risks, the Owners shall first require the Charterers to nominate any other safe port which lies within the range for loading or discharging, and may only cancel this Contract of Carriage if the Charterers shall not have nominated such safe port or ports within 48 hours of receipt of notice of such requirement. (3) The Owners shall not be required to continue to load cargo for any voyage, or to sign Bills of Lading for any port or place, or to proceed or continue on any voyage, or on any part thereof, or to proceed through any canal or waterway, or to proceed to or remain at any port or place whatsoever, where it appears, either after the loading of the cargo commences, or at any stage of the voyage thereafter before the discharge of the cargo is completed, that, in the reasonable judgement of the Master and/or the Owners, the Vessel, her cargo (or any part thereof), crew or other persons on board the Vessel (or any one or more of them) may be, or are likely to be, exposed to War Risks. If it should so appear, the Owners may by notice request the Charterers to nominate a safe port for the discharge of the cargo or any part thereof, and if within 48 hours of the receipt of such notice, the Charterers shall not have nominated such a port, the Owners may discharge the cargo at any safe port of their choice (including the port of loading) in complete fulfilment of the Contract of Carriage. - 44 -