B. connect tap with jazz music

C. show the influence of women on tap dance D. give credit to famous tap dancers 【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。该题要求考生根据最后一段，推测作者的写作意图。最后一段Many dancers excelled at tap and contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson and John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, and Savion Glover.。 11. This text is mainly about _______.

A. famous tap dancers B. tap dancing on Southern plantations

C. tap shoes D. the development of tap dancing 【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。（参考第二三段的黑体词）

小贴士：和以前的阅读理解基本相同。

Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 2）

Student Loans

①Federal Student Aid is an office of the US Department of Education that provides student loans for education beyond high school. The US government clearly understands the importance of post-secondary education in positively impacting the nation. It therefore ensures that each eligiblestudent in the United States is able to receive financial assistance for higher education.

②Although parents can opt for private funding through sources like banks and other finance institutions, the rates of interest can be prohibitively high in most cases. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in comparison. It is therefore imperative that parents take all steps necessary to apply for student loans available through the federal government.

③Federal Student Aid is actively involved in educating students and their families on the exact procedure to obtain student loans. Once the applications are received, it processes them by the millions before the start of each academic year. It also pays out billions of dollars through schools to fund the education of students who have applied for financial aid.

④The first step in applying for financial aid is to fill and submit the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The name of the student should be entered exactly the way it is written on the student‘s social security card. The format used is ―first name‖, ―middle initial‖, and ―last name‖. Since the analysis bureau will be linking up the FAFSA with the social security number, the names should match precisely for the application to be approved. A mismatch in the names could result in the application being sent back for correction. This would cause a delay and end up pushing the applicant to the back of the line. Since most financial aid is provided on a first-come-first-served basis, it is important to be at the head of the line. Even a minor error on the FAFSA can result in a loss of thousands of dollars in financial aid. ⑤Therefore, it is important that families have all the proper income and tax records ready before applying for financial aid. This will help avoid submitting inconsistent, incomplete or mistaken information while filling out the FAFSA forms.

⑥The CSS PROFILE is the FAFSA equivalent that is most often required for aid through private universities. It could be a little more complicated than filling out the FAFSA form. Going through the entire process with the help of a certified college planner would be a good idea.

⑦No matter what their credit rating, parents should still submit their applications for financial aid. Learning about the different options available to them is the first step in the process. Doing it right will enhance their chances of getting student loans for their children‘s higher education.

11. Federal Student Aid provides student loans for _______.

A. high school education B. secondary education C. higher education

D. pre-secondary education 【答案】 C 【解析】事实细节题。根据Federal Student Aid provides student loans 定位在第一段第一句Federal Student Aid is an office of the US Department of Education that provides student loans for education

beyond high school.

12. Federally funded loans are preferred to private funding for_______.

A. their easy accessibility B. their high reliability C. their lower interest rates D. their wide availability 【答案】C

【解析】事实细节题。根据federally funded loans和private funding定位在第二段。根据前两句Although parents can opt for private funding through sources like banks and other finance institutions, the rates of interest can be prohibitively high in most cases. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in comparison.。

13. Federal Student Aid educates students on _______.

A. how to apply to ideal universities B. how to obtain student loans C. how to process the applications D. how to meet their financial needs 【答案】B

【解析】事实细节题。根据federal Student Aid定位在第二段。由第一句话Federal Student Aid is actively involved in educating students and their families on the exact procedure to obtain student loans.可知答案为B。

14. The first step in applying for financial aid is to _______.

A.fill out and submit application forms B. apply for a social security number

C. enter the applicant name in the right format D. submit all the proper income and tax records 【答案】A 【解析】事实细节题。根据first step定位在第四段第一句：The first step in applying for financial aid is to fill and submit the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid.，由此可知答案为A。

15. To succeed in applying for student loans, you are advised to _______.

A. enhance academic performance B. resort to a certified college planner C. avoid submitting aCSS PROFILE资料 D. turn in income and tax records afterwards 【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据同一顺序的原则定位在第五段及之后的内容，具体参考第六段最后一句：Going through the entire process with the help of a certified college planner would be a good idea。由此可以看出，有资格证书的学院规划师可以提供全程帮助，故选B。另外根据第五段第一句Therefore, it is important that families have all the proper income and tax records ready before applying for financial aid. 可知D选项的错误在于afterwards一词，应改成in advance。

Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 3）

Why Lack of Sleep Could Be Making You Fatter

① Sleepless nights don‘t just ruin your mood the next day – they could also damage your waistline胸围. According to new research in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition临床营养, sleep deprivation can cause people to pack on extra pounds.

② Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke‘s-Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight.

③ But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol（荷尔蒙皮质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food．

④ In a vicious cycle, sleep loss also causes our bodies to release more ghrelin, another hormone that signals hunger, and less leptin瘦素，瘦蛋白, the hormone that tells your stomach that it‘s full. With your hormones no longer working in the normal way, your body wants more food and lacks the sensitivity to know when to stop eating. Not to

5

mention that being awake more hours gives you more time to snack. A. the influence of sleep loss on weight

B. the effect of sleep deprivation on mood ⑤ ―The later you‘re up at night, the greater the likelihood that

C. the release of the hormone cortisol you‘re going to eat,‖ Breus says, and ―you‘re more likely to eat

D. the implications of a new research finding high-fat, high-carb碳水化合物 foods.‖

【答案】A ⑥One other contributing factor to such weight gain is that the body

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题―为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖‖就burns the most calories during REM sleep, a deeply restful phase. Less

可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。 sleep means less time in REM.

⑦For optimal health, experts say you should try to get 7.5 hours of 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共sleep a night. If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, 1 0分） exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20pre-bedtime activities relaxing. 题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；11. This passage is mainly about_______.

(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成

A. the influence of sleep loss on weight

每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 B. the effect of sleep deprivation on mood

Passage 1 （选自大纲样题） C. the release of the hormone cortisol

The Weight Experiment D. the implications of a new research finding

Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to 【答案】A

discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题―为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖‖就

room called a ?calorimeter?（热量测量室）is one way to find out．

可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。

① The signs above the two rooms read simply ?Chamber One‘ and 12. Sleep-deprived people consume more calories, which will_______.

?Chamber Two‘. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled A. make them energetic

rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. B. turn into extra pounds

Outside these rooms another sign reads ?Please do not enter—work in C. damage their mood

progress‘ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every D. Cause them to feel sleepy

move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram

【答案】B

are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident

【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep-deprived people定位在第二段：volunteer. Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St.

② Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past

Luke‘s-Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to

eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and

burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they

slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet

consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500

might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed

calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn

community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around

into extra weight.，即每天多消耗的300卡的热量会转变为额外的her work. She saw an advertisement for volunteers at her local gym and 体重，可知答案为B。 as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought 13. According to Michael Breus, sleep loss can_______. she would help out.

A. decrease people‘s appetite ③ The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a B. slow down energy conservation fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated C. trigger the need for more food four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on D. lead to a vicious cycle each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank 【答案】C was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily 【解析】事实细节题。根据Michael Breus定位在第三段：But there exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little analysis. shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. ④ The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol（荷尔蒙皮days they face in the room. ?The first time, I only took one video and a

book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,‘ says 质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy,

Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled（踩踏板) so it asks for more food．即当我们的眼睛休息不够的时候，为了保

for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn‘t go too 持能量新陈代谢会变慢。这种减速会引发荷尔蒙皮质醇的释放，从

fast. 而增加食欲，由此可知答案为C。

⑤ It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others 14. The word ―optimal‖ in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to

satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets _______.

are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know A. best

what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start B. positive

testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and C. optional

Nicola has signed up for further D. appropriate

A. What does the calorimeter look like inside? sessions. 【答案】A

B. What programme was designed for the experiment?

【解析】词义理解题。根据题C. What is a calorimeter? Task l 干定位在第七段。本段主要讲D. What kind of foods are to people‘s taste? 16. Paragraph ① 了人要尽量保持7.5个小时的E. How do the volunteers kill the time? 17. Paragraph ② 睡眠时间，并为失眠者提供了F. Why did Nicola join in the experiments? 18. Paragraph ③

一些有助睡眠的方法。四个选

19. Paragraph ④

项意思分别是最佳的、积极的、选择的、合适的，显然A最恰当。

20. Paragraph ⑤

15. To attack sleep troubles, you can_______.

A. exercise regularly at night

16. Paragraph ① B. do more pre-bedtime activities

【答案】C C. keep ajournal at night

【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条件，前面的内容主D. follow a set routine every night

要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。 【答案】D

17. Paragraph ② 【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep troubles定位在文章的最后一句：

【答案】F If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise

during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep pre-bedtime 【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，activities relaxing. 虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入11. This passage is mainly about _______.

6

what we can do to fix it. 这一项目。

② There is one sure way to avoid mistakes and that‘s to avoid life. 18. Paragraph ③

The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about 【答案】B

getting negative reviews. The comedian who never performs in front of 【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句The experiment on Nicola involved

her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room.即：an audience is sure to avoid telling jokes that fall flat失败，达不到预

期效果. When we are comfortable with making mistakes, we‘re more 实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。

likely to take risks and tackle projects. Celebrating mistakes involves

19. Paragraph ④

wisdom. Effective people don‘t set goals with the idea of making

【答案】E mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the 【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一risk of error. 个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看③ Imagine working at a company that has no standards – where 书、骑单车等活动。 mistakes are not distinguished from successes and no one is held 20. Paragraph ⑤ accountable for errors. We could turn in the most careless and the

crudest未加工的，肤浅的 pieces of work we‘d ever done, and they 【答案】D

would get treated the same as our best work. We‘d never be able to 【解析】第五段的首句出现了foods一词，从剩余的两个选项A和D

count on having the supplies we needed because no one would 中很明显就能选出D。第五段主要介绍了什么食物适合人的胃口。

complain when vendors供应商，商贩 failed to deliver. Projects could 小贴士：本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句

go permanently unfinished and no one would say anything. In an 往往是主题句。

atmosphere where there‘s no difference between failure and success, Task 2

the word ―mistake‖ would be without meaning. Mistakes can happen 21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______.

only when people are truly committed to making things work. 22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______.

④ The word ―mistake‖ derives meaning only by comparison to 23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter

what we desire. Noticing and admitting our mistakes reminds us of _______.

what we really want to have, do, and be. Mistakes offer us an 24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______.

opportunity to practice truth telling. With this act come the rewards 25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. of honesty and frankness, including self-knowledge自知之明and the A. the volunteers do. capacity for change. As we tell the truth about our mistakes, we can B. because she does not have a weight problem. benefit by releasing shame and blame. Fixing mistakes and preventing C. because the life there can be very boring. them from happening again are key goals. D. make people overeat. ⑤ Mistakes are usually more instructive than successes – and E. because she was her own boss. often far more interesting. The lessons we learn from making mistakes F. so as to control the speed. often stick with us for a lifetime. We can translate those lessons into

new values and behaviors that make a profound difference. With all 21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______.

these potential benefits from mistakes, we have plenty of reasons to 【答案】A

celebrate them. 【解析】根据题干中的关键词

A. Mistakes encourage taking risks calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从B. Mistakes practice telling truth

第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outside C. Mistakes make powerful teachers Task l these rooms another sign reads ?Please do D. Mistakes are as important as successes 16. Paragraph ①

not enter—work in progress‘ and in front E. Mistakes focus our attention 17. Paragraph ② of the rooms advanced machinery F. Mistakes make things work 18. Paragraph ③ registers every move the volunteers

19. Paragraph ④ make.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。

20. Paragraph ⑤ 22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______.

: 【答案】E

【解析】根据题干中的关键词Nicola Walters定位在第二段，关键句

16. Paragraph ① 是第二段的第三句话A self-employed community dance worker, she

【答案】E was able to fit the experiment in around her work.

【解析】第一段首句给出了相关信息Mistakes have a way of focusing 23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter

our attention and putting crucial problems right in our face.故选E。 _______.

【答案】C 17. Paragraph ② 【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第【答案】A 四段。该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析【解析】第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。 让自己进步。A项中的关键词encourage taking risks符合本段语境，24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 故选A。 【答案】D 18. Paragraph ③ 【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteers are already showing that 【答案】F high-fat diets高脂膳食 are less likely to make you feel full. Believing 【解析】第三段通过在公司工作的情况，指出没有正确与错误标准that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, … 的公司不会有任何进步和发展。所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. 情有所进展的时候，错误才会发现。与F含义相符。 【答案】F 19. Paragraph ④ 【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在【答案】B 第四段的最后一句She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by 【解析】第四段是对―错误‖的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知researchers to make sure she didn‘t go too fast.

道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会说出真相。这样的话我们就可以

小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分

得到诚恳和坦率、自身知识的提高和改变的能力，又讲到了说出错

的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以快速缩小范围。

误的种种好处。再结合第四段的第三句Mistakes offer us an

opportunity to practice truth telling.可知B项符合本段主旨。

Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）

20. Paragraph ⑤ Five Reasons to Celebrate Mistakes

【答案】D ① Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention and putting

【解析】第五段通过mistake和success的比较，阐述出错误的重要crucial problems right in our face. Mistakes light a path for us. When

性，所以可以判断出错误与成功一样，都具有很重要的意义。故选we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what‘s working and

7

D。

Task 2

21. We often know through mistakes what‘s going wrong and _______. 22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______. 23.Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______. 24.People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______.

25.We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______.

A. stick with us for a lifetime B. what we can do to fix it C. committed to making things work D. accepting the risk of error E. worry about being criticized F. committed to making things work 注：该题命题疏忽，C和F完全一样。

21. We often know through mistakes what‘s going wrong and _______. 【答案】B

【解析】根据第一段的最后一句：When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what‘s working and what we can do to fix it.可知选B。 小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知and前后为平行结构，只有B相符。

22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______. 【答案】E 【解析】根据writer, finish book定位在第二段的第二句话The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative reviews.，其中getting negative reviews和选项E中的being criticized属同义替换。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知本题选择动词原形开头的A或E。 23. Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______. 【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的关键词effective people定位在第二段最后两句：Effective people don‘t set goals with the idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.可知答案为D。

小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分是连词while之后的内容，可以用整个句子；也可以是分词形式，即while从句省略和主句相同的主语和be部分。选项中没有整个句子，故只能在C、D或F中选择。

24. People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______. 【答案】C/F

【解析】根据顺序原则定位在第三段。根据第三段最后一句话Mistakes can happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.这句话指出只有人们在真正投入到工作中让事情有所进展的时候，错误才会出现，故选择C/F。

小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分在they are后，故要在C、D或F中选择。

25. We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______. 【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的关键词learn lessons定位在最后一段。从最后一段第二句话The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a lifetime.可知答案为A。

小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分在定语从句中作谓语，故在A或E中选择。

第四部分：填句补文（第26～30题，每题2分，共1 0分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）

Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely（选自Unit 6，

Text A）

① School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. 26 On the other hand, the children‘s spending habits may affect how pocket

money is given.

② Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as ―food money‖. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess（休息） and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. 27 Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money.

③ Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being shortsighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. 28 Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.

④ Children need to learn how to budget their money. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. 29 This habit, when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of ―buy now and pay later‖ schemes.

Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket t money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. 30 When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.

A. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to monthly pocket money.

B. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved.

C. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left.

D. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending.

E. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.

F. They may develop the mentality（心态，意识） that money is meant to be spent.

26. 【答案】B

【解析】根据空格前出现的way和give，后面出现的give，spend和affect，这些都是解题线索，应引起考生的注意，这是答题的关键。前面提到父母给孩子零花钱的不同方式，后面提到孩子的花钱习惯影响父母给他们零花钱的方式。只有B（给零花钱的方式影响花钱和攒钱的方式）才能更好地衔接上下文。 27. 【答案】D

【解析】第二段主要讲父母每天给孩子一次零花钱对孩子的影响。They learn how to manage small sums of money. 27 Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending,…空格前提到孩子如何花手中有限的钱，后面提到一些父母使用这种方法来控制孩子的过度消费，可知应选D。注意D中的limited和空格前的small呼应，control和空格后的prevent呼应，体现了内容的一致性。 28. 【答案】F 【解析】第三段主要讲这种提供零花钱的方式对孩子的花钱习惯带来的负面影响。The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. 28 Others spend more than they are given.空格前提到这种方式使孩子从来没有想过要攒钱，后面提到一些孩子会过度消费，甚至借钱。只有F提到了―孩子会养成一种钱就是用来花的观念‖。另外F项中的they may develop…和下文的they may ask for…结构上一致。 29. 【答案】C

【解析】第四段主要讲述了孩子养成规划开支习惯的重要性。The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. 29 This habit, when inculcated（灌输） since young, stands them in good stead when they start working…空格前讲到学会规划开支的关键是区分需求和需要。C项（先购买必须的，只有当钱有结余时才去享受）是对前句的进一步解释。

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