Fe2+ Ti4+ Ti3+ Sn4+ Sn2+ Bi3+ Hg2+ I- S2- 9.27ÓÉÏÂÁÐìʱäÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãRbFµÄ¾§¸ñÄÜ¡£
£
¢Å Rb(s) = Rb(g) ¦¤rHm?¢Å = 78 kJ¡¤mol1
£
¢Æ Rb(g) = Rb+(g) + e- ¦¤rHm?¢Æ = 402 kJ¡¤mol1
£
¢Ç F2(g) = 2F(g) ¦¤rHm?¢Ç = 160 kJ¡¤mol1
£
¢È F(g) + e- = F-(g) ¦¤rHm?¢È = -328 kJ¡¤mol1
£
¢É F2(g) +2Rb(s) = 2RbF(s) ¦¤rHm?¢É = -1104 kJ¡¤mol1
££
9.28ÒÑÖªNaF¾§ÌåµÄ¾§¸ñÄÜΪ915 kJ¡¤mol1£¬NaÔ×ӵĵçÀëÄÜΪ496 kJ¡¤mol1£¬½ðÊôÄÆ
££
µÄÉý»ªÈÈΪ101 kJ¡¤mol1£¬F2·Ö×ӵĽâÀëÄÜΪ160 kJ¡¤mol1£¬²¢²âµÃNaFµÄÉú³ÉÈÈΪ-571 kJ¡¤mol£1
£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËã·úÔªËصĵç×ÓÇ׺ÍÄÜ¡£
9.29 AgCl£¬AgBr£¬AglµÄ²â¶¨¼ü³¤±ÈËüÃǵÄr(Ag+)Óër(X-)Ö®ºÍ¶ÌÁËÐí¶à£¬Õâ˵Ã÷ÁËʲô? 9.30 Ag+ÓëK+°ë¾¶ºÜ½Ó½ü£¬µ«KBrÒ×ÈÜÓÚË®¶øAgBrÈ´ÄÑÈÜÓÚË®¡£ÊÔÓÃÀë×Ó¼«»¯ÀíÂÛ½âÊÍÖ®¡£
9.31Ö¸³öÏÂÁи÷×éÀë×ÓÖУ¬ºÎÕß¼«»¯ÂÊ×î´ó£¿ ¢Å Na+£¬I-£¬Rb+£¬Cl- ¢Æ O2-£¬F-£¬S2-
9.32ÏÂÁйÌ̬ÎïÖʵĻ¯Ñ§Ê½ÈçÏ£¬Ö¸³öËüÃÇ·ÖÊôÓÚºÎÖÖ¹¹Ð͵ľ§Ì壺
SiO2¡¢CO2¡¢H2O¡¢Na2O¡¢Na¡¢MgO¡¢Si(¾§Ì¬)
9.33ҪʹBaF2¡¢F2¡¢Ba¡¢Si¾§ÌåÈÛÈÚ£¬Ðè·Ö±ð¿Ë·þºÎÖÖ×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¿
9.34ÊÔ¸ù¾Ý¾§ÌåµÄ¹¹ÐÍÓë°ë¾¶±ÈµÄ¹Øϵ£¬ÅжÏÏÂÁÐABÐÍÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎïµÄ¾§Ìå¹¹ÐÍ£º BeO£¬NaBr£¬CaS£¬RbI£¬BeS£¬CsBr£¬AgCl
9.35ÊÔÅжÏÔÚNaCl¡¢Si¡¢O2¡¢HClµÈ¾§ÌåÖУ¬ÄĸöÈÛµã×î¸ß£¿Äĸö×îµÍ£¿ 9.36ÈçºÎ½âÊÍMgCl2µÄ¾§¸ñÄÜ´óÓÚNaClµÄ¾§¸ñÄÜ£¿ 9.37 ±È½ÏCaF2¡¢BaCl2¡¢MgOµÄÈÛµã¸ßµÍ¡£ 9.38 ±È½ÏSiC¡¢SiF4¡¢SiCl4¡¢SiBr4µÄÈÛµã¸ßµÍ¡£ 9.39¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹½âÊÍÏÂÁÐÊÂʵ£º
¢Å ʯī±È½ð¸ÕʯÈíµÃ¶à£» ¢Æ ÓëSO2Ïà±È£¬SiO2µÄÈÛ¡¢·Ðµã¸ßµÃ¶à¡£ 9.40¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐÎïÖʵÄÐÔÖÊ,ÅжÏËüÃÇÊÇÊôÓÚºÎÖÖÀàÐ͵ľ§Ìå¡£ ¢Å CaCO3¾§ÌåµÄÓ²¶È¸ß£¬ÔÚ1173KʱÉÐδÈÛÈÚ¾ÍÒѷֽ⡣ ¢Æ BµÄÓ²¶È¼«¸ß£¬ÈÛµãΪ2573K£¬µ¼µçÐԺܲ ¢Ç SnCl4ÈÛµãΪ240K£¬·ÐµãΪ387K¡£ 9.41Ìî³äÏÂ±í£º Îï ÖÊ ¾§¸ñÖʵãµÄÖÖÀà Öʵã¼äµÄÁ¬½áÁ¦ ¾§¸ñÀàÐÍ ÈÛµã¸ßµÍ 11
KCl N2 SiC NH3 Ag 9.42°ÑÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊ°´Àë×Ó¾§Ìå¡¢·Ö×Ó¾§Ìå¡¢Ô×Ó¾§ÌåºÍ½ðÊô¾§Ìå·ÖÀࣺ
¢Å ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸ßÈ۵㣨ÈÛµã1100¡æ£©µÄ¹ÌÌ壬50gµÄ¸Ã¹ÌÌåÄÜÍêÈ«ÈÜÓÚ100gË®ÖУ» ¢Æ ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸ßÈÛµã¹ÌÌ壬²»ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ÊÇÈȵÄÁ¼µ¼Ì壻 ¢Ç ÔÚ25¡æºÍp?ÏÂÊÇÒ»ÖÖÆøÌ壻
¢È ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¹ÌÌ壬¿ÉÈÜÓÚ±½µ«²»ÈÜÓÚË®¡£
9.43 The ion Ni2+ would have electron configuration: ( ) (A)£®[Ar] 3d54s2£»(B)£®[Ar] 3d8£»(C)£®[Ar] 3d74s2£»(D)£®[Ar] 3d64s2 9.44 For the reactions:
£
CH4(g) ¡ú C(g) + 4H(g); ¦¤H?= 94.3 kJ¡¤mol1
£
H2C=CH2(g) ¡ú 2C(g) + 4H(g); ¦¤H?= 129.2 kJ¡¤mol1
£
The C=C bond energy, in kJ¡¤mol1, is ( )
(A)£®-34.9£»(B)£®23.7£»(C)£®+34.9£»(D)£®40.6
9.45 The fact that BeF2 molecule is linear implies that the Be-F bonds involve ( ) (A)£®sp hybrids£»(B)£®sp2 hybrids£»(C)£®sp3 hybrids£»(D)£®resonance
9.46 Indicate which one of the following is definitely polar: ( ) (A)£®O2£»(B)£®CO2£»(C)£®BF3£»(D)£®C2H3F
9.47 The electrons generally involved in bonding ( ) (A)£®are these that lie closest to the nucleus£»
(B)£®are those for which the ionization energies are small£» (C)£®end up being transferred from one atom to another£» (D)£®occupys atomic orbitals
9.48 Give the electron configurations of
¢Å Cr2+ ¢Æ Co3+ ¢Ç Mg2+ ¢È N3+
9.49 What kind of attractive forces (in addition to dispersion forces) would have to be overcome to
¢Å melt ice?
¢Æ dissolve NaCl in water?
¢Ç decompose MgCO3 to MgO?
9.50 Which would be the higher-melting substance in each of the following pairs? (The first two pairs are ionic, the others molecular.)
¢Å NaF or MgO ¢Æ MgO or BaO ¢Ç NH3 or PH3 ¢È PH3 of SbH3
9.51 Explain in terms of structure why
12
¢Å graphite is much softer than diamond. ¢Æ Cl2 has a higher boiling point than F2. ¢Ç NaCl becomes a conductor when it melts. ¢È metals are good reflectors of light.
9.52 What are the three important types of hybrid orbitals that can be formed by an atom with only s and p orbitals in its valence shell? Describe the molecular geometry that each of these produces.
9.53 For the series of diatomics O2+, O2, O2-, and O22-, determine from an MO energylevel diagram how the bond lengths will vary and how many unpaired electrons each should have.
µÚʮՠÖ÷×åÔªËØÑ¡ÂÛ
¢å Ñ¡ÔñÌ⣺
1. ÏÂÁи÷¶ÔÔªËØÖУ¬»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖÊ×îÏàËƵÄÊÇ
£¨1£© BeÓëMg£» £¨2£©MgÓëAl£» £¨3£©LiÓëBe£» £¨4£©BeÓëAl 2. ÏÂÁÐÔªËØÖУ¬µÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜ×îСµÄÊÇ
£¨1£© Li£» £¨2£©Be£» £¨3£©Na£» £¨4£©Mg 3. ÏÂÁи÷ÔªËØÖÐ×îÓпÉÄÜÐγɹ²¼Û»¯ºÏÎïµÄÊÇ
£¨1£© Li£» £¨2£©Ca£» £¨3£©Na£» £¨4£©Mg 4. ÏÂÁи÷ÔªËØÖÐÃܶÈ×îСµÄ¹Ì̬ԪËØÊÇÄÄÒ»¸ö
£¨1£© Li£» £¨2£©Ca£» £¨3£©Be£» £¨4£©Mg 5. ÖƱ¸F2ʵ¼ÊËù²ÉÓõķ½·¨ÊÇ
£¨1£© µç½âHF£» £¨2£©µç½âCaF2£» £¨3£©µç½âKHF2£» £¨4£©µç½âNH4F 6. ʵÑéÊÒÖƱ¸ÆøÌåCl2µÄ×î³£Óõķ½·¨ÊÇ
£¨1£© KMnO4ÓëŨÑÎËá¹²ÈÈ£» £¨2£©MnO2ÓëŨÑÎËá¹²ÈÈ£» £¨2£© KMnO4ÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·´Ó¦£» £¨4£©MnO2ÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·´Ó¦¡£ 7. ʵÑéÊÒÖÆÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿HBrËù²ÉÓõķ½·¨ÊÇ
£¨1£© ºìÁ×ÓëBr2»ìºÏºóµÎ¼ÓH2O£» £¨2£©ºìÁ×ÓëH2O»ìºÏºóµÎ¼ÓBr2 £¨3£© KBr¹ÌÌåÓëŨH2SO4×÷Óã» £¨4£©Br2ÔÚË®ÖÐÆ绯·´Ó¦ 8. ÓûÓɹÌÌåKBrÖƱ¸HBrÆøÌ壬ӦѡÔñµÄËáÊÇ
£¨1£© ÁòË᣻ £¨2£©´×Ë᣻ £¨3£©ÏõË᣻ £¨4£©Á×Ëá 9. Çâ·úËá×îºÃ´¢´æÔÚ
£¨1£© ËÜÁÏÆ¿£» £¨2£©ÎÞÉ«²£Á§Æ¿ÖУ»
£¨3£© ×ØÉ«²£Á§Æ¿ÖУ» £¨4£©½ðÊôÈÝÆ÷ÖС£ 10. ÏÂÁк¬ÑõËáËáÐÔ×îÈõµÄÊÇ
£¨1£© HIO£» £¨2£©HClO £¨3£©HBrO£» £¨4£©HIO3 11. ÏÂÁÐÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòÖУ¬·ûºÏÇâ±ËáµÄËáÐÔµÝÔöµÄ˳ÐòµÄÊÇ
£¨1£© HI£¬HBr£¬HCl£¬HF£» £¨2£©HF£¬HCl£¬HBr£¬HI£» £¨2£© HBr£¬HCl£¬HF£¬HI£» £¨4£©HCl£¬HF£¬HI£¬HBr¡£ 12. ÏÂÁÐÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòÖУ¬·ûºÏÇâ±ËáÈÈÎȶ¨ÐԵݼõ˳ÐòµÄÊÇ
£¨1£© HI£¬HBr£¬HCl£¬HF£» £¨2£©HF£¬HCl£¬HBr£¬HI£»
13
£¨2£© HBr£¬HI£¬HF£¬HCl£» £¨4£©HCl£¬HBr£¬HI£¬HF¡£ 13. ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
£¨1£© O3±ÈO2Îȶ¨ÐԲ £¨2£©O3ÊǷǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó £¨2£© O3ÊÇ˳´ÅÐԵģ» £¨4£©O3±ÈO2Ñõ»¯ÐÔÇ¿¡£ 14. ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨Öв»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
£¨1£© H2O2·Ö×ӽṹΪֱÏßÐÍ£» £¨2£©H2O2¼ÈÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔÓÖÓл¹ÔÐÔ £¨3£© H2O2ÓëK2Cr2O7µÄËáÐÔÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCrO(O2)2 £¨4£©H2O2ÊÇÈõËá 15. ¼ÓÈÈ·Ö½â¿ÉÒԵõ½½ðÊôµ¥ÖʵÄÊÇ
£¨1£© Hg(NO3)2£» £¨2£©Cu(NO3)2£» £¨3£© KNO3£» £¨4£©Mg(NO3)2¡£ 16. NH4NO3ÊÜÈÈ·Ö½â²úÎïΪ
£¨1£© NH3+HNO3£» £¨2£©N2+H2O £¨3£©NO+H2O£» £¨4£©N2O+H2O 17. ÓëFeSO4ºÍŨH2SO4·¢Éú×ØÉ«»··´Ó¦µÄÊÇ
£¨1£© NaNH2£» £¨2£©NaNO2 £¨3£©NaNO3£» £¨4£©NaN3 18. ÏÂÁÐ̼ËáÑκÍ̼ËáÇâÑÎÖУ¬ÈÈÎȶ¨ÐÔ˳ÐòÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
£¨1£© NaHCO3 £¨1£© ·Ö×Ó¹ìµÀÀíÂÛ£» £¨2£©¾§Ì峡ÀíÂÛ£» £¨2£© Àë×Ó¼«»¯ÀíÂÛ£» £¨4£©¼Û¼üÀíÂÛ¡£ 20. ÒÔÏÂÓйØÅðÍéµÄ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ £¨1£© BH3ÊÇ×î¼òµ¥µÄÅðÍ飻 £¨2£©ÒÒÅðÍéÖУ¬2¸öÅðÔ×Ӽ俿ÇâÇżü½áºÏ£» £¨3£© ÒÒÅðÍéÊÇ×î¼òµ¥µÄÅðÍ飻 £¨4£©ÒÒÅðÍéÓëË®·¢ÉúË®½â£¬²úÎïÓÐÇâÆø¡£ 21. ÏÂÁÐÅðÍéÔÚÊÒÎÂÖÐϳÊÆø̬µÄÊÇ £¨1£© B5H9£» £¨2£©B4H10 £¨3£©B5H11 £¨4£©B6H10 22. ÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎïÖÐÊôÓÚȱµç×Ó»¯ºÏÎïµÄÊÇ £¨1£© BCl3 £¨2£©H[BF4] £¨3£©B2H6 £¨4£©Na[Al(OH)4] ¢æ ˼¿¼Ì⣺ 23. Ö¸³öÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊÖÐÄÄЩÊÇÕý³£Ñõ»¯Îï¡¢¹ýÑõ»¯Îï¡¢³¬Ñõ»¯ÎÊÔÓ÷Ö×Ó¹ìµÀÀíÂÛÃèÊö ¹ýÑõÀë×Ӻͳ¬ÑõÀë×ÓµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔÈçºÎ£¿ Li2O£¬CsO2£¬BaO2£¬Na2O2£¬K2O2 24. ÉÌÆ·ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÖÐΪʲô³£º¬ÓÐÔÓÖÊ̼ËáÄÆ£¿ÔõÑùÓÃ×î¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨¼ÓÒÔ¼ìÑ飬ÈçºÎ³ý È¥Ëü£¿ 25. ʵÑéÊÒÖÐÓÐ5Æ¿ÊÔ¼Á£¬¾ùΪ°×É«¹ÌÌ壬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ£ºMgCO3£¬BaCO3£¬ÎÞË®Na2CO3£¬ ÎÞË®CaCl2£¬ÎÞË®Na2SO4£¬ÊÔ¼ø±ðÖ®£¬²¢¼òµ¥ËµÃ÷¡£ 26. ΪʲôѡÓùýÑõ»¯ÄÆ×÷ΪDZˮ²ÕÖеĹ©Ñõ¼Á£¿ 27. Ư°×·Û³¤ÆÚ±©Â¶ÓÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐΪʲô»áʧЧ£¿ 28. ¸ù¾ÝÈܽâÐԿɽ«Áò»¯Îï·Ö³É¼¸Àࣿ 29. ºÎν¡°¶èÐÔµç×Ó¶ÔЧӦ¡±£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´Bi(¢õ)µÄÑõ»¯ÄÜÁ¦±Èͬ×åÆäËûÔªËØÏàͬÑõ»¯ÖµÎï ÖʵÄÑõ»¯ÄÜÁ¦¶¼Ç¿£¿ 14