高考英语二轮语法专题复习 动词和动词短语 下载本文

动词和动词短语

动词词义辨析

1.【2013·新课标卷Ⅰ】Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.

A.check B.allow C.stop D.help

【解析】 句意为:自己能控制得住就尽量不要咳嗽,因为它会给你的肺带来问题。本题考查动词辨析。check检查;allow允许;stop阻止;can help sth.忍住做某事。根据句意可知答案为D项。 【答案】 D

2.【2013·浙江卷】When the group discussion is nearing its end,make sure to ________it with important points. A.conclude

B.lead

C.avoid D.hold

【解析】 句意为:当小组讨论接近尾声的时候,一定要用要点来结束讨论。本题考查动词词义辨析。A.结束,符合句意。B.领导,导致;C.避免;D.抓住,均不符合句意,故选A项。 【答案】 A

3.【2013·福建卷】Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which________spending quite a lot of time with students. A.enjoys B.involves C.practices D.suggests

【解析】 句意为:Michelle找到了一份中学教师的工作,这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。本题考查动词辨析。A.喜欢;B.包括,涉及;C.练习;D.建议。B项符合句意。 【答案】 B

动词短语辨析

4.【2013·浙江卷】Bears________fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. A.pack up B.build up C.bring up D.take up

【解析】 句意为:熊在夏天和秋天积累脂肪,以便有足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。本题考查动词词组辨析。pack up打包,收起来;build up逐渐积累;bring up养育,提出,呕吐;take up开始从事,把……继续下去,占据。 【答案】 B

5.【2013·福建卷】Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks________in disasters.

A.turn down B.turn out C.break down D.break out

【解析】 句意为:在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候,老式电话起到重要作用。本题考查动词短语辨析。A.拒绝,关小(声音);B.结果是;C.出故障;D.爆发(战争,打斗等)。 【答案】 C

6.【2013·辽宁卷】Briggs will________as general manager when Mitchell retires. A.get away B.take over C.set off D.run out

【解析】 句意为:Mitchell退休之后,Briggs将接任总经理的职位。考查动词短语辨析。take over接收,接管,接任;get away逃脱,离开;set off出发,动身,使爆炸;run out用尽,过期。 【答案】 B

1.动词(短语)辨析类题目的解题关键是:首先要明确题干中英语句子的意思,其次必须全面、深刻地把握备选答案中动词(短语)的意义。

2.不同动词与不同的副词或介词连用构成的短语在意义上差别很大,是高考试题中的易错点,而且在高考试题中频繁出现。

3.有些相同动词与不同介词或副词构成的短语,较难区分,这就要求我们既要充分理解语境,又要掌握短语多种含义。

一、高考常考的几组动词词义辨析 1.injure,hurt,wound,destroy injure hurt wound

一般指在意外事故中受伤

表示“伤害”的一般用法,既可指对肉体的伤害,也可指对情感的伤害 常指外伤,尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害

destroy 一般指彻底损坏,常译成“毁坏,损坏”

I didn’t want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。 He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。 2.adapt,adjust,adopt,attach adapt adjust 应…… adopt

attach vt.把……附在……上;重视…… attach much importance to...非常重视……

According to experts,China needs to adjust its family planning policy to fight against an aging population.

根据专家的建议,中国需要调整计划生育政策来应对人口老龄化问题。

Parents attach much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.

父母都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。 3.link,relate,connect,combine link relate connect combine

连接,联系,指将各个物体连接起来 联系,指与某事或人有关联

连接,指两物有形的连接,与link同义

(使)结合,(使)联系,着重指两个或两个以上的事物为了共同目的而结合

vt.采取,采纳;收养,领养

vt.适应,adapt oneself to使自己适应…… vt.适应,调整,adjust oneself to使自己适

在一起,常指一些无形的事情

【2010·福建高考】—In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as well. —I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two combined. ——在当今时代,妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。 ——我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。

The government was planning a new railway connecting Beijing and Shanghai. 政府当时正在规划一条连接北京和上海的新铁路。 二、常见动词短语搭配 1.agree

agree with sb./one’s idea/what sb. says 同意某人的看法/某人的观点/某人所说的 agree to a proposal/plan/suggestion... 同意某个计划/建议……

agree on+表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词,表示就某事看法一致。

You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you,I suppose. 你气色很好。我想,三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。 2.break

break away from脱离

break down坏掉;出故障;垮掉 break into闯入,破门而入 break out(战争)爆发 break in破门而入 break off打断;中断

break up打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止

【2012·陕西高考】He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead,because the air conditioning system broke down.他需要不时停下来擦额头的汗,因为空调坏了。

On hearing the news,the president broke off his visit to Australia and returned home immediately.听到这个消息,总统立刻中断了对澳大利亚的访问,回到了本国。 3.bring

bring about引起 bring up养育,呕吐 bring down使倒下,降低 bring in吸引,赚 bring back使回忆起,重新使用

【2011·湖北高考】The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.

政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格,以保持市场稳定。 4.call

call for需要,邀请 call on/at号召;访问 call in召集;召来 call up召唤,召集;打电话