2. Switzerland

Man: We're meeting Mr Mertz and his wife for dinner. Maybe I should bring flowers or something. ... Yeah, I'll pick up some red roses.

Woman: You don't want to bring roses. In Switzerland, they could be a symbol of love and romance.

Man: Oh, I didn't know that.

Woman: I think candy or chocolate might be better. 3. Italy

Woman: I'd like some flowers. Uh ... Those. About ten, I guess.

Man: Ma'am, I don't think you should give ten flowers. In Italy, even numbers ---- 2, 4, 6, and so on ---- are bad luck. 4. Japan

Woman: May I help you?

Man: I'm going to stay with a family in Japan. I need to get something for them. Woman: Pen sets are always a good gift.

Man: Oh, that's a good idea. Let's see ... There are sets with a pen and pencil ... And bigger sets with four pens.

Woman: Don't give a set of four pens ---- in fact, don't give four of anything. It's bad luck. The Japanese word for \ Man: Thanks for telling me. I'll take the pen and pencil set.

Woman: Good choice. These sets make very good gifts. After all, pens write in any language. Man: Uh ... Yeah. Right. Part I Section B

1. A bow Around the world, there are many different ways to greet people. Bowing is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan. This picture, for example, shows how Japanese women bow. In Japan, when you bow, you don't look directly at the other person's eyes. But in Korea, it's important to see the other person's face when you bow. In both countries, people bow to show respect.

2. A hug When good friends meet in Russia, they often hug each other. This is true for both women and men. Russia isn't the only place where friends hug. In Brazil, for example, friends also hug each other in greeting. In Brazil, the hug is called an abraco.

3. A strong, short handshake You know how to shake hands. This is common in many countries. But it isn't always done the same way. In the United States and Canada, for example, people usually give a strong, short handshake. It's short but rather firm.

4. A softer, longer handshake In many other countries, people also shake hands. But they do it differently from in the U.S. and Canada. In Mexico and in Egypt, for example, many people ---- especially men ---- shake hands. Mexican and Egyptian handshakes usually last a little longer. The handshake is softer ---- not as strong. Part I Section C

The word \or religious days. Nowadays holidays include national, seasonal and historical days of celebration. Here are some traditional holidays in some countries.

● February 14 is Valentine's Day. It is observed in some European and North American countries. People send cars or gifts expressing love and affection sometimes anonymously to their

13

sweethearts or friends.

● Feast of Dolls in Japan falls on March 2. It is observed there in honor of girls. ● Feast of Banners in Japan is on May 5. It is observed in honor of boys.

● May 5 is Dragon Boat Festival in China and is held according to the Chinese Lunar Calendar. People eat rice cakes and hold dragon boat races to commemorate the ancient scholar ---- statesman Qu Yuan.

● August 15 is Mid-Autumn Festival in China. It is held according to the Chinese Lunar Calendar. People eat moon cakes while looking at the bright full moon.

● April Fools’ Day is on April 1. In some European countries and in North America, people play practical jokes or tricks on each other and those unsuspecting victims are called April fools.

● July 14 is Bastille Day. It is an annual holiday in France to commemorate the fall of the Bastille.

● December 26 is Boxing Day in Britain, Canada, and the U. S. It is observed as a holiday from the custom of giving Christmas boxes to the tradesmen and staff on this day.

● May Day, known as International Labor Day, is a public holiday in many European countries, the Canal Zone, Philippine islands, and the Latin American countries. It falls on May 1, and is celebrated especially by the working people.

● November 25 is Saint Catherine's Day. The French celebrate this playful holiday in honor of Saint Catherine, the patroness of spinsters, or unmarried women. The day is observed mainly by the Parisian sewing girls who are over 25 and unmarried. It is a day for fun, parades, dances, and receptions.

● March 17 is Saint Patrick's Day. This is Ireland's greatest national holiday. The date marks the anniversary of the death of the missionary who became the patron saint of Ireland. Green is the color of the day.

● Mother's Day is a movable holiday. It falls on the 2nd Sunday in May. Mother's Day was founded by missing Anna M. Jarvis of Philadelphia. It is now observed in countries all around the world, including England, France, Sweden, Denmark, India, china, and Mexico.

Part II Section A A1 1. changed/ few / bored / rainy 2. museum directors / what they are seeing 3. Provide fun / feel at home

A2 electricity / pass / body 17th century instruments / music

put on costumes / Stockholm Opera bone-by-bone reproduction / stegosaurus A3 I. new audiences / the young / the less educated members II. rebuilt / modern / lighting, color and sound / fewer objects

III. guided / touch, listen, operate, and experiment /scientific principles IV. film / dance Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days.

At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. At New York's American Museum of natural History recently, you can have helped make a bone-by-bone reproduction of the museum's stegosaurus, a beast that lived 200 million years ago.

As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is interesting.

14

Many museums have changed in appearance. Some of the old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the newer ones are open and modern in their architecture. Inside, there is modern lighting, color, and sound. Instead of displaying everything they own, museum directors show fewer objects and leave open spaces where visitor can gather and sit down. They also bring together in one display a group of objects drawn from various parts of the museum in an effort to represent the whole lifestyle of region or a historical period. In one room, for instance, you may find materials, clothing, tools, cooking pots, furniture, and art works of a particular place and time.

More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and papermaking. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage.

Many museums now provide educational services and children's department. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one \

Part II Section B

● Well, i had quite an amusing time in Greece on one holiday because i confused the words for \morning\which is \and \which is \So for several days I was going around smiling broadly at people, saying \to them, and I couldn't understand why they looked at me as if I was totally crazy until someone pointed it out.

● I was in France on holiday, staying in a friend's cottage and one day we decided to go for a trip on the river. So we went along to a place on the river where you could hire canoes. And a friend, who prided himself on being rather good at speaking French, went in to hire the canoes; we decided we needed three, so he asked for \\canoes\We got our canoes; we spent the afternoon on the river; we came back. And Stephen went in to return the canoes and collect the deposit he's paid on them. And as he walked in the door, they said \

Part II Section C C1 vendors / fortune / eating / street performers / portrait painting C2 1. a. special powders / attract men b. objects for snake bites

2. shells / on a cloth / the way they land 3. round cakes / bean flour / hot spices / fried

4. a. folk singers / guitars b. classical musicians c. actors 5. practice drawing and painting F -- friend C -- Cathy

F: Hi, Cathy! Welcome back. How was your trip to Brazil?

C: Oh, I loved every minute of it! Brazil is so different from any place I've ever been to, and there's so much to see there. F: Yeah? Well, how's it different?

C: Well, you can find all sorts of street vendors in the cities. I went to some street markets where they sold really unusual things, like special powders that attract men ... Or objects to cure snake bites. F: Wow!

C: And in one city I went to, I got my fortune told on the street. F: Oh, yeah?

C: Yeah! The fortune-tellers use shells to tell your fortune. They throw the shells on a cloth, and

15

the way they land tells about your future. F: Huh! I've never heard of that before.

C: Mmm, but my favorite street activity was eating! In Bahia, you can buy these round cakes made of bean flour and filled with hot spices. They're fried ad they're delicious. They're a specialty there.

F: Well, that sounds great. You know, I remember that when I went to France two years ago, I saw some pretty unusual things on the city streets, too. C: Really? Like what?

F: Well, in Paris, you could watch all kinds of street performers. There were folk singers with guitars, classical musicians ... Sometimes you could even see actors performing in plays. C: That sounds like a lot of fun.

F: Oh, it is. You really see all sorts of things on the streets of Paris. In fact, you can even have your portrait painted right on the street. Yeah, the art students do them to practice drawing and painting. C: Did you have your portrait done there? F: Yeah, I did. In fact, i had it done twice. Part III Section A

A2 1. much busier / Monday / Saturday 2. humid and hot 4. much colder / -30°C 5. much flatter / beautiful 6. mountainous 7. higher / rocky 8. more crowded 9. smaller 10. taller J -- John E -- Etsuko

J: I found that living in Japan, people were busier. They seem to work the whole day.

E: Yes, that's right. We work from Monday through Saturday, even in summer. You know, summer in Japan is just horrible. It's very, very humid and hot, and you need to take showers three times a day.

J: So you find it cooler in England? E: Yes, that's right.

J: Where I was living in Japan, in the north, it was cooler than England, especially in winter ---- minus thirty degrees centigrade. Does the winter in Osaka last longer than the winter in England? E: No, I don't think so. December, January, February, March ... J: Yes. It's a little bit shorter if anything.

E: Ever since I came here, I noticed that the countryside here in England is really beautiful. J: It's much flatter than in Japan.

E: Yes, Japan is a mountainous country and our cities are full of people. There are lots of people in a limited flat area.

J: Yes, I found Japan much more mountainous than Britain, especially in the north. The mountains are much higher and much more rocky. I fount it more beautiful than Britain, I think. E: Yes, if you like mountains.

J: And so therefore the towns and villages tend to be more crowded. E: Yes, that's right. J: Yes. So because the cities are more crowded, the houses tend to be smaller, don't they?

E: Yes, they are very compact, and we don't have a lot of space. In bit cities you have a lot of taller buildings now.

J: Is this a problem because there are more earthquakes in Japan? E: Yes, that's right, and ... er ... Part III Section B

1 France / Latin American 2 Kenya / Tunisia / Greece 3 Lebanon / Tonga 4 Italy / Europe and Latin America

5 Mexico, Costa Rica, and Japan / Bolivia, Honduras and Lebanon 6 Barbados / Bangladesh 7 Greece, Iran and Italy

Did you know that ... you can give the \

16