D. There are more elderly people working than before. 4.

Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?

A. Retirees who are business-minded.

B. The volunteer workers in retirement homes.

C. College graduates with an MBA or law degree.

D. Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology. 5.

It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America's elderly population ________.

A. will provide good job opportunities in many areas

B. will impose an unbearable burden on society

C. may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination

D. will create new fields of study in universities

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. Urban (城市的) life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its moving force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money make competition stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity (人所不知) of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers (居民) may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory (未列入电话号码簿的); journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure.

Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then

geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.

Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly (无情地) swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be re-housed in tower blocks which are inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. The destruction of established social structures is the worse possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve (保护) the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks. 6.

According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are ________. A. anxious to succeed

B. in need of help

C. naturally aggressive

D. likely to commit crime 7.

The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because ________.

A. people do not communicate with their neighbors

B. criminals are difficult to trace in large populations

C. people feel anonymous there

D. the trappings of success are attractive to criminals 8.

The majority of people who live in inner cities tend to quit from the inner areas because they ________. A. dislike having to travel far to work

B. have been forced by circumstances to do so

C. don't like the idea of living in the suburbs

D. have turned against society 9.

B. giving the individual a say in planning

C. forcing people to live on top of each other

D. making people move to the suburbs

10. The author's general argument is that urban life would be

improved by ________.

A. moving people out of tower blocks

B. restoring old buildings

C. building community centers

D. preserving existing social systems

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog. My love of nature goes right back to my childhood, to the times when I stayed on my grandparent's farm in Suffolk. I think it was my grandmother who encouraged me more than anyone: she taught me the names of wildflowers and got me interested in looking at the countryside, so it seemed obvious to go on to do Zoology at university.

I didn't get my first camera until after I'd graduated, when I was due to go diving in Norway and needed a method of recording the sea creatures I would find there. My father didn't know anything about photography, but he bought me an Exacta, which was really quite a good camera for the time, and I went off to take my first pictures of sea anemones (海葵) and starfish (海星). I became keen very quickly, and I learnt how to develop and print.

Architectural changes have affected city life by ________. A. scattering long-established communities

I've tried from the beginning to produce pictures which are always biologically correct. There are people who will alter things

deliberately: you don't pick up sea creatures from the middle of the shore and take them down to attractive pools at the bottom of the shore without knowing you're doing it.

There can be a lot of ignorance in people's behaviour towards wild animals and it's a problem that more and more people are going to wild places: while some animals may get used to cars, they won't get used to people suddenly rushing up to them. The sheer pressure of people, coupled with the fact there are increasingly few places where no-one else has photographed, means that over the years, life has become much more difficult for the professional wildlife photographers.

Nevertheless (然而), wildlife photographers play a very important part in educating people about what is out there and what needs conserving. Although photography can be an enjoyable pastime (消遣), as it is to many people, it is also something that plays a very important part in educating young and old alike.

11. The author decided to go to university and study Zoology

because ________.

A. she wanted to improve her life in the countryside

B. she was persuaded to do so by her grandmother

C. she was keen on the natural world

D. she wanted to stop moving around all the time

12. How is the author different from some of the other wildlife

photographers she meets?

A. She tries to make her photographs as attractive as possible.

B. She takes photographs which record accurate natural conditions.

C. She likes to photograph plants as well as wildlife.

D. She knows the best places to find wildlife.

13. The author now finds it more difficult to photograph wild