他们的方言时可能彼此听不懂，即使他们在该语言中不同汉字的发音可能不同，但他们可能使用相同的书面语言。may为情态动词后接动词原形。分析句意空处填vary“变化”。故填C.
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：声调是所有汉语的一个显著特征。distinguishing“有区别的”为形容词修饰名词feature。且符合句意。故填K. 【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：在汉语中，不同汉字强调不同的声调。空处缺少谓语。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。主语为different words,所以谓语为stress“强调”，且符合句意。故填J.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has ___41___ for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered: Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to ___42___ science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?
To understand how ___43___ shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible ___44___, prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific ___45___ and other financial support.
Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find ___46___ anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. ___47___ this, of all Nobels awarded
to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our ___48___ was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their ___49___. Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.
Our initial results highlighted overall___50___ news: the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there’s no ___51___ that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations (引用) per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. ___52___, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.
The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat___53___ when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely ___54___ beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for new technology and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again ___55___ by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth. 41. A. remained established 42. A. leave 43. A. contribution promotion 44. A. indicator compliment 45. A. experiments 46.
B. innovation
C. study
D. grants
B. substance
C. confirmation
D.
B. doubt B. recognition
C. question C. resolution
D. suspect D.
B. awarded
C. existed
D.
A. gender equality C. innovation patterns 47. A. In line with of
48. A. concept 49. A. improvement reputation 50. A. vague fundamental 51. A. description comparison 52. A. Therefore Nevertheless 53. A. highlighted 54. A. dominates justifies 55. A. turned out
B. taken on B. eliminated B. extends B. However B. evidence B. sudden B. outcome B. quality B. Contrary to
B. research prospects D. government control C. Compared with
D. In case
C. requirement C. accomplishment
D. approach D.
C. good D.
C. document D.
C. Instead D.
C. strengthened C. overtakes
D. narrowed D.
C. backed up D. held up
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C 【解析】
这是一篇议论文。诺贝尔经济学奖已经存在近50年，2009年，埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆因其经济治理研究获得诺贝尔奖，这是第一次诺贝尔经济学奖由女性获得。作者很想知道女性比男性更有可能离开科学界的原因之一，是不是因为她们没有得到同样的认可?对此作者进行了研究调查，研究表明，女性主导的研究的质量或价值不低于男性，在获奖数量方面，女性正在迎头赶上，但在重要性和与奖项相关的奖金方面，妇女仍然大大落后。表面上看，性别差距在科学奖上有所缩小，但下面隐藏着巨大的不公正。 【41题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. remained留下；B. awarded授予；C. existed存在；D. established建立。句意：这个奖项已经存在了将近50年。由前文可知，2009年，埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆因其经济治理研究获得诺贝尔奖，这是已经存在近50年诺贝尔经济学奖，第一次诺贝尔经济学奖
由女性获得。所以exist“存在”符合句意。故C选项切题。 【42题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. leave离开；B. doubt怀疑；C. question 询问；D. suspect怀疑。句意：我和我的同事们想知道:女性比男性更有可能远离科学界的原因之一，是不是因为她们没有得到同样的认可?。由“because they don’t receive the same recognition”她们没有得到同样的认可,所以导致她们远离科学领域。故A选项切题。 【43题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. contribution贡献；B. recognition 认识；C. resolution决议；D. promotion提升。句意：为了理解认知如何塑造女性留在科学领域的动机，我们首先必须对动机有一个很好的衡量。由前文“the same recognition”可知，作者和作者的同事们想知道:女性比男性更有可能远离科学界的原因之一，是不是因为她们没有得到同样的认可?，所以作者要研究认知如何塑造女性留在科学领域的动机。故B选项切题。 【44题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. indicator指标；B. substance物质；C. confirmation确定；D. compliment赞美。句意：我们试图首先研究一个高度可见的指标——奖励，因为大的奖励往往会被更广泛的公众所理解和欣赏，而且它们也会影响那些决定科学资助和其他财政支持的人。奖励是研究的一个指标，以及下文“indicators of their quality”质量指标，可以判断出indicator符合句意。故A选项切题。 【45题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. experiments实验；B. innovation 革新；C. study研究；D. grants拨款。句意：我们试图首先研究一个高度可见的指标——奖励，因为大的奖励往往会被更广泛的公众所理解和欣赏，而且它们也会影响那些决定科学资助和其他财政支持的人。由“ other financial support.”可知，and并列连接的是决定科学资助和其他财政支持的人。故D选项切题。 【46题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。A. gender equality性别平等；B. research prospects 研究前景；C. innovation patterns 创新模式；D. government control 政府控制。句意：如果我们要在科学领域找到性别平等，那一定是在这个领域。由下文“Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s.”可知21世纪初以来，女性进入生物医学领域的人数与男性持平。所以如果我们要在科学领域找到性别平等，那一定是在这个领域。