我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。（where作状语） I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。（which作主语） E．关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。 1．关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。 Are these keys (that which) you were looking for? 这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗？ The man (who that) I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time. 飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一直在喋喋不休。
2．以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 I don't like the way (that in which) she walks. 我不喜欢她走路的样子。 The way (that in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。
3．在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。 I shall never forget the day (when) we first met. 我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。 That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country. 那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。 F．定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。
It is a fact (that) you can't deny. 这是一个你不能否认的事实。（定语从句）
It is a fact that she has done her best. 她尽了最大的努力，这是事实。（同位语从句）
2．在定语从句中，that代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。 The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus. 我们听到的消息传遍了校园。（定语从句）
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位从句） 五、判断定语从句引导词的一般思路
1. 明确引导词的常规用法
定语从句的引导词在定语从句中不仅起到引导从句的作用，而且都有具体含义，因此定语从句的引导词，
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包括that，在定语从句中一定充当一个句子成分。从词性上看，这些引导词可以分为两大类：代词和副词。that, which, who, whom，as等为代词，when, where, why等为副词。代词类的引导词在定语从句中可以充当主语、表语或宾语，副词类的引导词可以充当状语。从具体用法上看，that即可代人也可代物，which只能代物，who和whom只能代人，分别作主语和宾语。as引导定语从句时为代词，可作主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中，when作时间状语，where作地点状语，why作原因状语。
2. 明确定语从句的逻辑语序
一般说来,定语从句和其他各类从句一样采用陈述句的语序，但实际上和一般陈述句的语序并不完全相同。相同之处在于和陈述句一样，定语从句也是主语在前、谓语动词在后的语序，不同之处在于引导词要位于从句句首，因为引导词的作用就在于引导从句。如上文分析，定语从句的引导词既是从句中的一个句子成分，还必须位于从句句首，这就造成了从句的实际语序和逻辑语序不一致的现象，对理解引导词在定语从句中充当的成分造成困难，分析从句的逻辑语序就成了确定引导词在从句中充当何种句子成分的有效手段。
3. 明确句子成分的基本概念
分析定语从句的实际语序和逻辑语序离不开对各种基本句子成分的概念的准确理解。一般说来，主语和宾语由名词或代词充当，而表示时间、地点或原因的结构往往是句子的状语。根据定语从句引导词的词性可以确定that，which，who，whom，as等代词性的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，而when，where，why等副词在从句中作状语。
4. 确定定语从句引导词的一般思路
在明确了引导词的常规用法、定语从句的逻辑语序和句子成分的基本概念之后，我们可以通过如下思路逐步确定定语从句的引导词：
（1） 通过分析定语从句的逻辑语序确定引导词在句中是何成分。
（2） 根据引导词在从句中充当的成分确定引导词的词性。如果引导词在从句中为主语或宾语，则引导词为代词，并且定语从句中充当宾语的引导词可以省略；如果引导词在句中为状语，则引导词为副词。
（3） 确定了引导词的词性之后，参考先行词和句意最终确定引导词。如果引导词为代词，其必然代指先行词。先行词为物，则用that或which，先行词为人，则用that或who（whom）；如果引导词为副词，则根据句意判断其为时间、地点或是原因，分别对应when，where和why。 练习：
1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the factory.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
2. We are going to spend this Spring Festival in Beijing, _____ live our grandparents and some relatives.
A. which
B. that C. who D. where
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3. There are many areas in the world _____ lack experienced doctors.
A. where
B. in which
C. which
D. what
4. The years and months _____ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.
A. when
B. on which
C. in which
D. that
5. _____ has been described above, it is a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and
contract when they are cooled. A. It
B. As
C. That
D. Which
6. The boss in _____ company Miss Read worked called at the hospital.
A. who’s
B. which
C. whose
D. this
7. He told me _____ had happened to him.
A. all
B. everything
C. all what
D. what
8. Susan is not the brilliant writer _____ she used to be.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
9. I, who _____ your friend, will try my best to help you.
A. be
B. am
C. are
D. is
10. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over 1600.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. who
11. They have started an investigation, _____ are being kept secret.
A. whose detail
B. whose the details C. the details of which
D. the detail of it
12. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence?
A. why
B. for which
C. which
D. what
13. Mr Seal has changed a lot, and many of his friends say that he is not the same man _____.
A. like he was
B. as he used to be
C. as he was used to
D. like what he was
14. There were two rooms in the beach house, _____ served as a kitchen.
A. the smaller of them
B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of which D. smallest of which
15. Mont Blanc _____ we visited last summer, is the highest mountain in Europe.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. , which
16. He imagined various ways _____ he could teach her how to learn English well.
A. /
B. that
C. in which
D. A , B & C
17. The speed _____ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe.
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A. in which B. by which C. at which D. from which
18. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used?
A. in which
B. that
C. where
D. A & C
19. China has hundreds of islands, _____ is Taiwan.
A. in which the largest
B. its largest of which
C. of which the largest
D. which the largest
20. We ate in a luxurious restaurant but it wasn’t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
21. Edison made a lot of inventions, _____of great importance.
A. which I think they
B. which I think they are C. which I think are D. I think which are
22. They stayed with me for three weeks, _____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which
B. which time
C. during which
D. during which time
23. She was dressed in the same way _____ she was when I saw her last time.
A. that
B. as
C. once
D. in which
24. The fire started on the first floor of the hospital, _____ patients are mostly elderly people.
A. its
B. which
C. whose
D. their
25. The company official _____ I thought would be fired received a raise.
A. whom
B. whoever
C. who
D. of whom
26. Alec asked the policeman _____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him
B. who
C. whom
D. with whom
27. We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.
A. at which
B. that
C. when
D. which
28. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad.
A. which
B. which of
C. of which
D. of that
29. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. it
B. which
C. what
D. that
30. He’s such a good teacher _____ we all love and respect.
A. that
B. as
C who
D. whom
31. ---Is that the small town you often refer to? ---Right, just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
32. Today, more and more people are concerned about the way _____ the environment is being destroyed.
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