Needs and Purposes for Communication

Generally speaking, purposes relate to needs in that our purpose is what we intend to get done through communication. In other words, we have needs，which communicating can help to satisfy. The followingis a described list of common purposes and needs for communicating.

一般来说，目的涉及需要，因为我们的目的是我们打算通过沟通来完成。换句话说，我们有需要，沟通可以帮助满足我们的需要。以下是通信的常见目的和需要的描述列表。 Survival

communicate survive. For example, we would communicate in Order to rent a flat (shelter). If we felt ourselves in physical danger, we would also communicate with others to try to get help.

沟通生存。 例如，我们将通信订购租住一个公寓（住所）。 如果我们感到自己处于身体危险之中，我们还会与他人沟通，试图获得帮助。 Co-operation

We communicate in order to work with others. It is obvious that our need to form social group actually comes from our need to co-operate with each other in order to survive. Organized groups of people in any society work together to provide basic needs and also less basic needs.

我们沟通，以便与他人合作。 显然，我们需要组成社会团体，实际上是来自我们需要彼此合作才能生存。 任何社会中的有组织的人团结在一起，提供基本需要和较少的基本需要。 Personal needs

We communicate tosatisfy personal needs.We have a personal need to feel secure within

ourselves. This leads to other needs -to have a good opinion of ourselves, to feel that we are

wanted and valued by other people. These personal needs are behind acts of communication such as dressing in the right way for an occasion, having a cry on somebody's shoulder, or giving people presents.

我们沟通以满足个人需求。我们有个人需要在自己内部感到安全。 这导致了其他需要 - 对我们自己有一个很好的意见，感觉我们被想要和重视的其他人。 这些个人需要背后的是沟通的行为，例如以正确的方式穿着某种场合，在某人的肩膀上哭泣，或者 给人礼物。 Relationships

We communicate tobe involved with other people ,to form and maintain relationships. This could be in terms of number (pairs or groups); in terms of what binds those involved (friendship or love); and in terms ofwhat description we may give the involvement (family or social club)

我们沟通参与其他人，以形成和保持关系。 这可以是数字（对或组）; 关于什么绑定的人（友谊或爱）; 和在什么描述我们可以给参与（家庭或社会俱乐部） persuasion

We communicate topersuade other people to think in the way that we do or to act in the way that we do, the most obvious example of this is advertising. The advertiser intends to persuade category of people-car owners or old age pensioners ,for instance-to buy a given product or service. Communication makes the connection with these people

persuasively. Besides ,we may want to persuade someone lend us some money ，or to join our drama group ,or to help us repairing our car. It is true that the word \has a certain sense of manipulation—to getwhat we want.

我们沟通说服其他人以我们所做的方式思考，或以我们所做的方式行事，最明显的例子是广告。 广告客户想要说服人 - 车主或老年养老金领取者的类别，以购买给定的产品或服务。 沟通使这些人有说服力的联系。 此外，我们可能想说服某人借给我们一些钱，或加入我们的戏剧团，或帮助我们修理我们的车。 确实，“说服”一词有一定的操纵意识 - 得到我们想要的东西 power

we communicate to gain extra power over other people.Mass communications are particularly well suited to this exertion of power because they can broadcast or distribute information and opinions to great numbers of people from a central source. The media can exert power over their audiences. It is argued that the most important way in which they do this is in shaping people's attitudes and beliefs.

我们沟通以获得额外的权力超过其他人。马斯通信特别适合这种力量，因为他们可以广播或分发信息和意见，从中央来源的大量的人。 媒体可以向观众施加力量。 有人认为，他们这样做的最重要的方式是塑造人们的态度和信念 Social needs

We communicate to hold our society and our organizations together .The bigger the society or the organization is ,the more communication is needed. It is the practical problems of running large business, for example ,that led to the development of new forms and media of communication. Data processing with computers seeks to solve the

problems of handling huge amounts of information quickly by using new means Of electronic communication.

我们沟通，以保持我们的社会和我们的组织在一起。社会或组织越大，需要更多的沟通。 例如，运行大型企业的实际问题导致了新形式和传播媒体的发展。 使用计算机的数据处理寻求通过使用新的电子通信手段来快速解决处理大量信息的问题

These more practical social needs are to do With what goes on outside ourselves. They are to do with making the whole system work for us. Hospitals, schools ,manufacturing organizations ，and government organizations all rely on effective means of communication in order to function.

这些更实际的社会需要是做什么与外面的自己。 它们与使整个系统为我们工作。 医院，学校，制造组织和政府组织都依靠有效的沟通手段来发挥作用。 Information

We communicate to give and receive information.We are exchanging information with other people almost constantly. We may need to find out the time a bus leaves. We may be keen viewers and readers of the news because we want to know about Other people ，events and places in the world. On a small scale，we are great conversationalists because we want to find out what is going on around us.

我们沟通以发送和接收信息。 我们几乎不断地与其他人交换信息。 我们可能需要找出公共汽车离开的时间。 我们可能是敏锐的观众和读者的新闻，因为我们想知道其他人，事件和地方在世界上。 在小规模，我们是伟大的交谈者，因为我们想知道在我们周围发生了什么。 The scope and Classification

In terms of who communicate with whom, whether it being human, animals “ machines,