各专业完整优秀毕业论文设计图纸

JIANGXI NORMAL UNIVERSITY

本 科 论 文

（2010—2014年）

二组分系统相图的分析和应用

Analysis and application of the two component phase diagram

姓 学 学 专

名：

号：1007032025 院：化 学 化 工 学 院 业：化 学 教 育

指导老师

2014年4月

中文摘要

分析和探究二组分系统相图，重点研究完全互溶双液系统，部分互溶双液系统，完全不互溶双液系统，以及简单低共熔二组分系统，形成化合物系统等相图，对这些相图进行分析，总结。从而运用到实际化工生产和生活当中，如在双液系统中寻找到蒸馏和精馏和水蒸气蒸馏的操作原理，在简单低共熔混合物的相图分析中通过步冷曲线的分析找到检查金属纯度的方法，提纯金属，制备低共熔合金，制备低共熔点的熔融电解质的方法等，在二组分盐水系统的相图探究中找到粗盐提纯的方法，和如何制备冷冻剂，等等。二组分系统相图的研究对我们的生活有重大的意义。

关键词：二组分系统相图 双液系 最低共熔点 蒸馏 步冷曲线

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Abstract

Phase diagram analysis and probe into two component system, focuses on complete miscibility double fluid system, partial miscibility double fluid system, no miscibility double fluid system, and simple eutectic two component system, forming compound system phase diagram, the phase diagram analysis and summary. To apply to the actual chemical production and life, as in double fluid system to find the distillation and distillation and steam distillation, the operating principle of the simple eutectic phase diagram analysis through the analysis of the cooling curve of the find a way to check the purity of metal, purification of metals, preparation of eutectic alloy, the preparation of low melting point of the molten electrolyte, etc., in the two component found in brine system phase diagram into coarse salt purification method, and how the preparation of coolant, etc..

Two component system phase diagram of the study is of great significance for our life. Key words：Two component phase diagrams double fluid system The minimum total melting point distillation The cooling curve

II

目 录

中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ II 目 录........................................................................................................................................... III 引 言............................................................................................................................................. 1 1 二组分液-液系统相图的分析和运用........................................................................................ 1

1.1完全互溶的双液系统 ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1完全互溶双液系统相图的分析 .............................................................................. 1 1.1.2完全互溶双液系统相图的应用 .............................................................................. 3 1.2部分互溶的双液系统 ......................................................................................................... 5

1.2.1部分互溶双液系统相图的分析和应用 .................................................................. 5 1.3完全不互溶的双液系统 ..................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1完全不互溶双液系统相图的分析 .......................................................................... 5 1.3.2完全不互溶双液系统相图的应用 .......................................................................... 6

2 二组分固-液系统相图的分析和运用........................................................................................ 7

2.1简单低共熔系统 ................................................................................................................. 7

2.1.1简单低共熔系统相图的分析 .................................................................................. 7 2.1.2简单低共熔系统相图的应用 .................................................................................. 9 2.2有固态化合物生成的固液系统 ....................................................................................... 10

2.2.1生成稳定化合物系统的相图分析 ........................................................................ 10 2.2.2生成不稳定化合物系统的相图分析 .................................................................... 10 2.2.3有固溶体生成的固液系统相图的分析 ................................................................ 11 2.2.4有固溶体生成的固液系统相图的应用 ................................................................ 11

结 语............................................................................................................................................. 13 参考文献 ......................................................................................................................................... 14 致 谢............................................................................................................................................. 16

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