河南理工大学万方科技学院2012届本科生毕业论文（设计）

浅论中小企业融资难问题

摘 要

近年来，国务院人民银行银监会为了解决中小企业融资难的困境，出台了一系列支持中小企业发展的好政策，各大商业银行尤其是“立足农村服务中小企业”的银行机构为了贯彻国家支持中小企业的政策措施，也相应采取了对策，中小企业的经营环境可以说有了一个大的改观，也取得了一定成效。尽管如此，现阶段融资难任然是制约我国中小企业快速发展的重要因素，根据我国中小企业发展的特点和融资现状，探索多元化的融资渠道，进行融资的内外原因分析，提出中小企业加强信息披露，提高整体素质去解决我国中小企业融资问题具有非常重要的意义。中小企业发展中面临的重大问题是融资难成为了几乎社会各界的基本共识。在目前通货膨胀率高，货币政策持续收紧的情况下，中小企业面临资金荒、电荒、原材料和劳动力成本上升等一系列困境，中小企业的生存难甚至难于2008年金融危机，如果国家不抓紧时机扶助，恐怕新一轮中小企业倒闭潮即将来临。

关键词：中小企业 融资 解决方法

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河南理工大学万方科技学院2012届本科生毕业论文（设计）

Abstract

In recent years, the People's Bank of the State Council, the CBRC in order to solve the predicament of financing difficulties of Small and Medium Enterprises, the introduction of a series of good policy to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, major commercial banks, especially the services for Small and Medium Enterprises based on the rural, rural credit cooperatives in order to implement the national support policy measures for Small and Medium Enterprises, corresponding to take countermeasures, the business environment of Small and Medium Enterprises can be said to have a major change, but also achieved some success Nevertheless, at this stage difficult to finance any contingent is an important factor in the rapid development of the constraints of Small and Medium Enterprises in China internal and external reasons, according to the characteristics of the development and financing situation of Small and Medium Enterprises in China, to explore a wide range of financing channels, financing analysis, small and medium enterprises to strengthen information disclosure to improve the overall quality to solve the financing problem of great significance. small and medium-sized enterprise development in the major issues facing difficulties in financing the basic consensus of almost all sectors of society in the current inflation is high, continued to tighten monetary policy, Small and Medium Enterprises are facing a funding shortage, electricity shortage, raw materials and labor costs reseal series of difficulties, the survival of Small and Medium Enterprises is difficult or even difficult financial crisis in 2008, if the state does not seize the opportunity to assist, I am afraid that a new round of SME closures around the corner.

Key words: Small and Medium Enterprises Financing to solve method

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河南理工大学万方科技学院2012届本科生毕业论文（设计）

目 录

前 言 ............................................................. 1 1 中小企业概念及融资难现状 ........................................ 3

1.1中小企业概念和范畴 .......................................... 3 1.2中小企业融资难的现状 ........................................ 3

1.2.1中小企业从银行融资受信用歧视 .......................... 3 1.2.2中小企业从资本市场融资渠道不通畅 ...................... 4 1.2.3中小企业融资服务体系缺乏 .............................. 4 1.2.4政府对中小企业扶持力度不足 ............................ 4 1.2.5融资结构不合理 ........................................ 5 1.2.6融资成本较高 .......................................... 5

2中小企业的融资困境的原因分析 ..................................... 6

2.1融资抵押担保难 .............................................. 6 2.2价值最大化定位错误 .......................................... 6 2.3内部信用管理机制薄弱与人才缺失 .............................. 6 2.4银行信贷管理体制不完善 ...................................... 7 2.5金融体系发展落后 ............................................ 7 2.6金融机构在货币市场上实行“区别对待” ........................ 7 2.7政府扶持力度不够、政策不配套 ................................ 7 2.8国家货币政策转向，银行监管力度加大 .......................... 8 3 对解决中小企业融资难的建议与对策 ................................ 9

3.1建立针对中小企业政策性银行 .................................. 9

3.1.2大胆探索有别于大企业的信贷管理方式 .................... 9 3.1.3实行针对中小企业的差别化信贷 .......................... 9 3.1.4加强信贷风险管理，提高贷款效率 ....................... 10 3.2企业要加强自身管理，增强其内在融资能力 ..................... 10

3.2.1完善企业内部人才管理机制 ............................. 10 3.2.2强化企业财务管理 ..................................... 10 3.2.3增强信用观念，树立良好企业形象 ....................... 11 3.2.4加强企业合作，拓宽融资渠道 ........................... 11 3.3银行要加快金融产品创新和金融服务 ........................... 11

3.3.1开展金融创新，丰富中小企业的融资方式 ................. 11 3.3.2建立健全为中小企业服务的银行体系 ..................... 11 3.3.3强化中小企业贷款营销理念 ............................. 12 3.3.4全面加强与中小企业信用担保机构的合作 ................. 12 3.4加强政府对中小企业的支持，架设“银企”桥梁 ................. 12

3.4.1建立高效准确的信息平台 ............................... 12 3.4.2加强政府对中小企业的支持 ............................. 13

河南理工大学万方科技学院2012届本科生毕业论文（设计）

3.4.3银行应对中小企业融资态度进行转变，加大金融产品创新 ... 13 3.5降低中小企业对外融资成本 ................................... 13 3.6加快融资担保体系建设 ....................................... 13 3.7大力推进中小企业通过上市直接融资 ........................... 14 3.8积极发挥民间资金，发展区域性的中小民营银行 ................. 14 3.9进一步完善担保制度，为具有发展前景的中小企业提供贷款担保 ... 14 4.0案例分析 ................................................... 14 结 论 ............................................................ 20 致 谢 ............................................................ 21