高中英语语法动名词讲解练习 下载本文

第 4 章 动名词

第 4 章 ................................... 动名词 1.动名词的用法 ................................... 2.动名词的时态和语态 .............................

动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。由动词原形加 ing 构成,与现在 分词的形式相同。动名词在句子中起名词的作用,因此它在句子中可以 作主语、表语、宾语(介词宾语和动词宾语),还可以作定语。 在句子中动名词虽然起名词作用,但它仍然具有动词的若干特点; 它可以有自己的宾语和状语。 主语

Learning English is difficult. ( English 是 leaning 的宾语) 学习英语很难。 表语

His job is driving a bus. ( a bus 是 driving 的宾语) 他的工作是开公共汽车。 动宾

I enjoy dancing. 我喜欢跳舞。 介宾

I have got used to living in the countryside. ( in the countryside 是 living 的状语) 我住在乡村已经习惯了。 定语

Take some sleeping-tablets, and you will soon fall asleep. 吃几颗安眠药,你很快就人睡着的。

同时可以在动名词的前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格(有时可以 用宾格)来表示它逻辑上的主语,使动名词的意思更完整。 Mary's being late again made her teacher very angry. 玛丽的再次迟到使她的老师非常生气。 Do you mind my (me) opening the door? 我开开门,你介意吗?

动名词的形式主要有以下四种(以 write 为例):

语态 时式 一般式 主动语态 动词原形+ing writing having+过去分完成式 词 having written 被动语态 being+过去分词 being written having been +过去分词 having been written 1 动名词的用法 1 动名词作主语

Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Having done the work in an experience you'll never forget. 做过这种工作,就会使你永生难忘。

动名词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数。详见上三例。 1.用 It 作形式主语

用动名词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,有时也用 It 作形式主语。 It is no use(useless)talking too much. =Talking too much is no use(useless). 说得太多了没有用处。 It's no good crying. =Crying is no good. 哭没什么好处。

It trains the ear listening to music. =Listening to music trains the ear. 听音乐可以训练耳朵。 必背! 句型: It is no use

It is no good??????+ ~ ing = It is of no use useless to ????????~

……是没有用的

2.在 there be 句型中(△△) 只能用动名词作主语(不用不定式)

句型: There is no+~ ing(……是不可能的) =It is impossible to~

=No one can~ (or We cannot~ )

There is no telling what will happen.

=It is impossible to tell what will happen.(不定式) =No one can tell what will happen. 无法预言将会发生什么事情。

There is no getting along with him.

=It is difficult to get along with him.(不定式) 他这个人很难相处。 2 动名词作表语 动词 表语 主语 His hobby is painting. 我的爱好是绘画。 is making jokes. What he likes best

他最喜欢的是开玩笑。

动名词作表语时一般表示比较抽象的习惯性的动作,表语和主语常 常可以互换。

His hobby is painting

Painting is his hobby.(动名词 painting 成为主语) 绘画是他的爱好。

What he likes best is making jokes. Making jokes is what he likes best. 开玩笑是他所最喜欢的了。

One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly. Not speaking clearing is one of his bad habits. 说话不清楚是他的恶习之一。

3 动名词和不定式在句子中作主语和表语的区别 1.一般情况下两者区别不大,有时可以通用。 Seeing is believing. 主语 表语

=To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

It is dangerous playing with explosives. =It is dangerous to play with explosives 玩炸药是危险的。

2.有时,动名词和不定式也有一些区别,主要表现在以下几 点:

a.动名词更接近于名词,所表示的动作比较抽象,或者是习惯性的, 而不定式多表示某次比较具体的动作,特别是将来的动作。 His hobby is painting.(动名词) 他的爱好是绘画。

In summer what he wants to do is to paint.(不定式) 在夏天,他想要做的就是绘画。

b.在口语中和疑问句中,常用动名词,而不用不定式。 Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你说这话对他能起作用吗? 惯用语

c. It is no use(good)doing sth.(……是没有用的) It is important/necessary /advisable… to do sth.

★但是 It's no use (good)to do sth 并不是错的,有时也可以用, 尤其是指具体的情况时。

It's no use to ask the teacher. He has no idea of it. 关于这件事问这个老师也没用,他对这件事一点也不知道。

一般情况下,尤其是在中学阶段, It's no use(good)后面用动名词

的情况是绝大多数。

It is no good being a liar. 说谎是没有好处的。

It's no good learning English words by heart without knowing how to use them.

光死记英语单词而不懂如何运用不是好方法。 It's no use crying over spilt milk. 注意

某些成语和句型有严格要求,一定要用动名词。 覆水难收。

It's very important to attend meetings. 参加会议很重要。

It's advisable to work out a plan before we start to work. 应该在开始工作之前制订一个计划。 4 动名词作宾语

Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject. 我们的班长建议讨论这个题目。

The rain prevented us from going out. 由于下雨,我们没有出去。

动名词可以作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。有些动词后只能跟

动名词作它的宾语,而有些动词后面只能用不定式作它的宾语,而有的 动词则动名词、不定式都可以作它的宾语,且区别不大,有的则区别很 大。

1.只能用动名词作宾语的动词和词组 advise 建allow 允许 resist 抵抗 议 admit 承escape 逃脱 risk 冒险 认 avoid 避forgive 原谅 suggest 建议 免 consider imagine 想像 understand 了解 考虑 delay 耽appreciate 感mind 介意 误 谢,欣赏 enjoy 喜can't help doing keep 保持 欢 sth.情不 put off 推自禁 excuse 原谅 miss 错过 迟 finish 完practise 练习 give up 放弃 成 deny 否认 prevent 阻挡,阻止 I can't imaginedoing that with them. 我不能想像和他们在一起做那件事。