Jiaqing Period, Qing Dynasty (1796 – 1820)
98.景德镇窑青花八宝纹双耳三足炉 清·嘉庆(1796—1820) Blue-and-white glazed incense burner with design of the Eight Auspicious Symbols, Jingdezhen ware
Jiaqing Period, Qing Dynasty (1796 – 1820)
99.景德镇官窑黄地绿龙纹盘 清·嘉庆(1796—1820)
黄地绿龙瓷器是清代后宫日用瓷的品种之一。清《国朝宫史》卷十七―经费一‖中,记载有清代皇宫内日用黄釉瓷器使用的等级制度,规定里外全黄色为皇太后、皇后使用;里白外黄色为皇贵妃使用;黄地绿龙为贵妃、妃使用;蓝地黄龙为嫔使用;绿地紫龙为贵人使用;五彩红龙为常在使用。
Plate with green with design of dragon over a yellow ground, official ware, Jingdezhen
Jiaqing Period, Qing Dynasty (1796 – 1820)
Plate with green dragon pattern over a yellow ground was a kind of household utensils specially made for the imperial concubines in the Qing Dynasty. According to the historical record of the Qing Dynasty, household utensils were used according to the social stratum in the imperial palace. Only the empress dowager or empress could use the one glazed yellow both inside and outside. The high-ranking imperial concubine could use the one glazed white inside and yellow outside. The one glazed green dragon over a yellow ground was made for the imperial concubine of the second rank or the imperial concubine of the third rank. The one glazed yellow dragon over a blue ground was made for the imperial concubines of the fourth rank. The one glazed dragon design over a green ground was made for the imperial concubine of the fifth rank .The polychrome one with red dragon design was made for the lady-in-waiting. 100.景德镇官窑粉彩过墙花果纹盖碗 清·道光(1821—1850)
Covered bowl with design of flowers and fruits in famille rose, official ware, Jingdezhen
Daoguang Period, Qing Dynasty (1821 – 1850)
101.景德镇官窑粉彩花卉纹方形套杯 清·道光(1821—1850) A set of cups with floral design in famille rose, official ware, Jingdezhen Daoguang Period, Qing Dynasty (1821 – 1850)
102.景德镇官窑红彩团花小杯 清·道光(1821—1850)
Small cup with design of floral medallions in red family, official ware, Jingdezhen Daoguang Period, Qing Dynasty (1821 – 1850)
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103.景德镇官窑青花折枝花果纹蒜头瓶 清·道光(1821—1850) Blue-and-white glazed garlic-head vase, official ware, Jingdezhen Daoguang Period, Qing Dynasty (1821 – 1850)
104. 景德镇窑青花―镀匣‖铭文瓷板 清·道光(1821—1850) 其铭文内容为:―镀匣:瓷坯入窑必装匣烧,方不粘裂,且能免风火冲突。坯有黄黑之患,匣钵亦土作。土出景德镇马鞍山、里村、官庄等处,有黑、红、白三色,更以宝石地所产砂土配合,则入火经烧。其造法用轮车以拉坯同。土不必过细,匣成阴干,略旋平正,先入窑空烧一次,再装坯烧。名曰?镀匣‘。若造作,则有厂居,幅中从略。‖这段文字介绍了在烧制瓷器的过程中,匣钵的功能、原料和制法。
Blue-and-white glazed porcelain panel with inscription Daoguang Period, Qing Dynasty (1821 – 1850)
The inscription introduces the process of making porcelain, especially the function, material and method.
105.景德镇官窑青花缠枝莲纹碗 清·咸丰(1851—1861) Blue-and-white glazed bowl with design of interlocking lotus, official ware, Jingdezhen
Xianfeng Period, Qing Dynasty (1851 – 1861)
106.景德镇官窑青花玉壶春瓶 清·同治(1862—1874) Blue-and-white glazed pear-shaped vase, official ware, Jingdezhen Tongzhi Period, Qing Dynasty (1862 – 1874)
107.景德镇窑粉彩荷花纹碗 清·同治(1862—1874) Bowl with design of lotus in famille rose, Jingdezhen ware Tongzhi Period, Qing Dynasty (1862 – 1874)
108.景德镇官窑青釉如意云纹大碗 清·光绪(1875—1908) Celadon bowl with S-shaped cloud design, official ware, Jingdezhen Guangxu Period, Qing Dynasty (1875 – 1908)
109.景德镇官窑黄釉盖豆 清·光绪(1875—1908) Covered yellow glazed Dou (a high-stemmed saucer), official ware, Jingdezhen Guangxu Period, Qing Dynasty (1875 – 1908)
110.景德镇官窑青花粉彩三洋开泰纹碗 清·光绪(1875—1908) Blue-and-white glazed bowl with design of Three Rams Symbolizing the Auspicious Beginning of a New Year in famille rose, official ware, Jingdezhen Guangxu Period, Qing Dynasty (1875 – 1908)
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111.景德镇官窑青花缠枝莲纹赏瓶 清·光绪(1875—1908) Blue-and-white glazed vase with design of interlocking lotus, official ware, Jingdezhen
Guangxu Period, Qing Dynasty (1875 – 1908)
112.景德镇官窑蓝釉双象耳瓶 清·光绪(1875—1908) Blue blazed vase with double elephant-shaped ears, official ware, Jingdezhen Guangxu Period, Qing Dynasty (1875 – 1908)
113.景德镇官窑粉彩花蝶纹水仙盆 清·光绪(1875—1908)
器物呈弯月形,紫蓝釉作地,绘粉彩花卉蝴蝶纹。盆壁背面书红彩楷书款―大雅斋‖,款右侧书红彩椭圆形篆书印章附款―天地一家春‖;底书红彩楷书款―永庆长春‖。大雅斋款瓷器是清景德镇官窑瓷器品种之一,为光绪时慈禧太后御用。 Narcissus pot with design of flowers and butterflies in famille rose, official ware, Jingdezhen
Guangxu Period, Qing Dynasty (1875 – 1908)
The crescent moon shaped pot is designed with flowers and butterflies in famille rose over a purplish blue ground. Chinese characters ―Da Ya Zhai‖ in red family are written at the back of the vase. Porcelain with inscription of ―Da Ya Zhai‖ was specially made for Empress Dowager Cixi in the Guangxu Period,
114.景德镇窑青花花卉纹卧足小碗 清·宣统(1909—1911) Blue-and-white glazed bowl, Jingdezhen ware Xuantong Period, Qing Dynasty (1909 – 1911)
115.景德镇窑粉彩山水纹大碗 清·宣统(1909—1911) Big bowl with design of landscape in famille rose, Jingdezhen ware Xuantong Period, Qing Dynasty (1909 – 1911)
青花:是白地青花瓷器的专称。用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料,在瓷器胎体上描绘纹饰,再罩上一层透明釉,经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色,具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。目前发现最早的青花瓷标本是唐代的;但成熟的青花瓷器出现在元代;明代青花成为瓷器的主流;清康熙时发展到了鼎峰。明清时期,还创烧了青花红彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等品种。
釉里红:以铜红料为着色剂在瓷胎上绘画纹饰,罩以透明釉,在高温还原气氛中
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烧成,使釉下呈现红色花纹。铜只有在还原气氛中才呈红色,因此釉里红瓷器的烧制对窑室气氛的要求十分严格,烧成难度大,成品率低。元代景德镇窑开始烧制釉里红器,但质量和产量都不高;明宣德时釉里红烧制很成功;清雍正时发展至最高峰。乾隆时的釉里红有深浅不同的层次,除白地外,尚有豆青地、天蓝地、黄地、浅绿地等品种。
斗彩:亦称―逗彩‖,釉下青花和釉上彩色相结合的一种彩瓷装饰工艺。用青花在胎上勾描出完整构图的纹饰轮廓,然后罩以透明釉入窑高温烧成,再于釉上青花轮廓线内填各种彩料完成彩色图案,复入彩炉低温二次烧成。明宣德时出现了最早的斗彩工艺;成化时才发展成熟,成为独立的彩瓷品种;嘉靖、万历和清康熙时斗彩制作也较发达,但均无法与成化斗彩相比;雍正时粉彩盛行,出现了釉下青花和釉上粉彩相结合的斗彩工艺。
五彩:俗称―古彩‖、―硬彩‖等。五彩的主要着色剂是铜、铁、锰等金属盐类。基本色调以红、黄、绿、蓝、紫等彩料为主。按纹饰需要施于釉上,再在770℃-800℃彩炉中二次焙烧而成。五彩是景德镇窑在宋、元时期釉上加彩的基础上发展起来的。明宣德时已有五彩,以红、绿、黄三色为主;嘉靖、万历时期,五彩极盛一时;清康熙时发明了蓝彩和黑彩,使釉上五彩取代了青花五彩,成为彩瓷的主流。雍正时粉彩流行,五彩制作趋于衰落。
珐琅彩:珐琅彩瓷是清宫廷御用器,康熙晚期创烧,乾隆时极为盛行。雍正六年(1728)以前均用进口的西洋珐琅彩料,之后清宫自制,色彩多至十几种。珐琅彩瓷的制作方法是先由景德镇官窑选用最好的原料制成素胎,烧好后,送到清宫内务府造办处珐琅作彩绘烧成。珐琅彩瓷专作宫廷玩赏器和宗教、祭祀的供器,制作考究,成本高而产量低,传世品很少,且多为小件器。 粉彩:清康熙末期出现的一种瓷器低温釉上彩,是五彩进一步发展与升华的结果。至雍正时盛行。又称―洋彩‖与―软彩‖。其工序是先在高温烧成的白瓷上用墨线起稿,然后在图案内填上一层可作熔剂又可作白彩的玻璃白,彩料施于玻璃白之上,再经过画、填、洗、扒、吹、点等技法将颜色依深浅的不同需要晕开,使纹饰有浓淡明暗层次,经720℃—750℃的低温烧成。粉彩器由于掺入粉质,吸收了中国绘画的表现方法,使画面风格近于写实,立体感强。
矾红彩:以三氧化二铁悬浊体着色的低温红釉和红彩。因用青矾为原料,经煅烧、
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