Ea?98.70 kJ?mol?1
15ҩﰢ˹ƥֵˮΪһӦ֪100ʱϵΪ7.92 d?1Ϊ56.43 kJ?mol?117ʱ˹ƥˮ30%ʱ䡣
⣺ ֪ܺһ¶µϵ£ArrheniusʽĶʽ17棨290.2 Kʱϵ
lnk(T2)Ea?11????? k(T1)R?T1T2?k(290.2K)56 430 J?mol?1?11?ln????
7.92 d?18.314 J?K?1?mol?1?373.2K290.2K?ã k(290.2K)?0.0436 d?1
ȻһӦĶʽ290.2 Kʱת30%ʱ t?11ln k1?y11ln?8.18 d ?10.0436 d1?0.30 t????16֪ϩȷֽⷴӦC2H4(g)???C2H2(g)?H2(g)ΪһӦӦĻ
Ea?250.8 kJ?mol?11 073 KʱӦ10 h50%ϩֽ⣬Ӧ1 573 Kʱֽ50%ϩҪʱ䡣
⣺ һ⣬Ҫ¶ȶԷӦϵӰ졣֪ܺһ¶µϵ£ArrheniusʽĶʽһ¶µϵֵټֽ50%ϩʱ䡣
k(T2)Ea?11?ln???? k(T1)R?T1T2?һӦֽ50%ʱ䣬ʱǰ˥ڡԿһӦϵ˥ڵĹϵt12?ln2/kArrheniusʽͬ¶µϵ֮ȣתΪͬ¶°˥ڵķȣ
k(T2)t12(T1) ?k(T1)t12(T2)
lnE?at12(T)R2t12(T)1?11???? ?T1T?2 ln10 h250 800?11?????
t12(1 573K)8.314?1 0731 573?ã t12(1 573K)?0.001315 h?4.73 s
ӱԿӦ¶ȶʵӰǺܴġȻߵķӦ¶ڹҵҲDz״ﵽģӦ̫컹ȫء
17ijҩ30ֽ⣬ΪʧЧҩ3ıУ䱣Ϊꡣij˹ظճҩ˷䣬(25)¸ܡͨ˵ҩǷѾʧЧ֪ҩķֽŨأҷֽĻ
Ea?130.0 kJ?mol?1
⣺֪ҩķֽŨأ˵һӦ֪ӦĻܣArrheniusʽԼ¶ϵıֵ
lnk(T2)Ea?11????? k(T1)R?T1T2?ΪһӦĶǷֽ30ʱ䣬¶ϵıֵ͵ʱķȣ
lnk(T2)t(T1)Ea?11??ln???? k(T1)t(T2)R?T1T2? ln2?365 d130 000?11?????
t(298K)8.314?276298?ã t(298K)?11.14 d
ֽ30ʱΪ11.14죬(25)¸öܣҩʧЧ
18ijһӦ40ʱӦת20%ʱ15 min ֪Ϊ
100 kJ?mol?1ҪʹӦ15 min ڣӦת50%ʷӦ¶Ӧڶ٣
⣺һӦ֪Ӧ20% ʱ䣬ͿԴĻʽӦϵ
k1?ln ?1t1 1?y11?ln?0.0149min?1
15min1?0.2һӦ֪˥ڣ 50%ʱ䣩ͿԼ¶µϵ k(T2)?ln20.693??0.0462min?1 t1215minArrheniusʽĶֹʽT2Ψһδ֪ lnk(T2)Ea?11????? k(T1)R?T1T2?0.0462100?103?11? ln????
0.01498.314?313T2?ã T2?323 K ԣӦ¶Ӧ323 K
H2+??[Co(NH3)3H2O]3+?F?Ӧ19һӦ[Co(NH3)3F]?H2O??+ʷΪr?k[Co(NH3)3F]?2+??ָ¶ȺʼŨȵ£ת [H?]?
0.50.75õʱֱt12t34ʾʵ£ ʵ ?[Co(NH3)3F]2+?0(mol?dm?3)1 2 3 010 020 010
Ըʵݣ㣺
[H+]0 T/K (mol?dm?3)001 002 001 298 298 308 t12/h 10 05 05 t34/h 20 10 10 1Ӧļ??ֵ
2ֱ298 K308 KʱķӦϵk 3ӦʵEaֵ
ΪǴŨڷӦбֲ䣬Բϵʹʷ̿ɼΪ
r?k[Co(NH3)3F]'?2+?? k'?k[H?]?
1 ȷ?ֵݵ1飨2飩ʵݣ298 K¶£
t12t34?12һӦ??1
һӦt12?ln2˥ڵıֵϵķȡָk k'?k[H?]?ĹϵʽŨȣ
?k1'?k[H?]1?k[0.01 mol?dm?3]?
'? k2?k[H?]2?k[0.02 mol?dm?3]?
t12??
?t12?12'k2k[0.02mol?dm?3]??2??'???? k1k[0.01mol?dm?3]??1??ʵݣͬ298 KʱͬŨ£˥ڵıֵΪ
t12??
?t12?12?1.0 h2? 0.5 h1հ˥ڵֵԵõ??1ԣʷΪr?k[Co(NH3)3F]'2 ΪʷʵΪr?k[Co(NH3)3F]?2+ ? [H]
??2+2ԣ ?k?k[H]?lnt'?12k?ln2t12[H]?298 KʱĵһݣڶӦͬ
k(298K)?ln2t12[H?]
ln2?3?1?1?69.3(mol?dm)?h ?31.0 h?0.01 mol?dmln2k(308K)??138.6(mol?dm?3)?1?h?1 ?30.5 h?0.01 mol?dm?3 ArrheniusĶֹʽʵ lnk(T2)Ea?11????? k(T1)R?T1T2? lnEak(308K)1??1????
k(298K)8.314 J?K?1?mol?1?298K308K?138.6(mol?dm?3)?1?h?1 ?ln?3?1?169.3(mol?dm)?h