¸ß2021½ì¸ß2018¼¶¸ßÖÐÎïÀí´óÒ»ÂÖ¸´Ï°×ÊÁÏÈýάÉè¼Æ¿Î¼þ½ÌʦÓÃÊéµÚÊ®ÈýÕÂÈÈѧ(Ñ¡ÐÞ3-3) ÏÂÔر¾ÎÄ

µÚ 37 Ò³ ¹² 70 Ò³

(1)ΪÁ˱£³Ö·â±ÕÆøÌåµÄζȲ»±ä,ʵÑéÖвÉÈ¡µÄÖ÷Òª´ëÊ©ÊÇ______________ºÍ______________¡£

1

(2)Èç¹ûʵÑé²Ù×÷¹æ·¶ÕýÈ·,µ«Èçͼ2ËùʾµÄV-pͼÏß²»¹ýÔ­µã,ÔòV0´ú±í________________________________¡£

(3)СÃ÷ͬѧʵÑéʱ»ºÂýÍƶ¯»îÈû,²¢¼Ç¼ÏÂÿ´Î²âÁ¿µÄѹǿpÓë×¢ÉäÆ÷¿Ì¶ÈÖµV¡£ÔÚʵ1

ÑéÖгöÏÖѹǿ´«¸ÐÆ÷Èí¹ÜÍÑÂä,ËûÖØнÓÉϺó¼ÌÐøʵÑé,ÆäÓà²Ù×÷ÎÞÎó¡£V-p¹ØϵͼÏñÓ¦ÊÇ________¡£

½âÎö:(1)ΪÁ˱£³Ö·â±ÕÆøÌåµÄζȲ»±ä,ʵÑéÖвÉÈ¡µÄÖ÷Òª´ëÊ©ÊÇ:Òƶ¯»îÈûÒª»ºÂý£»²»ÄÜÓÃÊÖÎÕסעÉäÆ÷·â±ÕÆøÌ岿·Ö¡£ÕâÑùÄܱ£Ö¤×°ÖÃÓëÍâ½çζÈÒ»Ñù¡£

C

(2)Ìå»ý¶ÁÊýÖµ±Èʵ¼ÊֵСV0¡£¸ù¾Ýp(V£«V0)£½C,CΪ¶¨Öµ,ÔòV£½p£­V0¡£Èç¹ûʵÑé²Ù1

×÷¹æ·¶ÕýÈ·,µ«ÈçÌâͼËùʾµÄV-pͼÏß²»¹ýÔ­µã,ÔòV0´ú±í×¢ÉäÆ÷Óëѹǿ´«¸ÐÆ÷Á¬½Ó²¿Î»×î³õµÄÆøÌåÌå»ý¡£

C1

(3)¸ù¾ÝpV£½C¿ÉÖªV£½,µ±ÖÊÁ¿²»±äʱVÓë³ÉÕý±È,Èí¹ÜÍÑÂäÔì³É©Æø,ѹǿͻȻ¼õС,

pp11

Ôòp±ä´ó,ÖØнӺÃÈí¹ÜʱVÓëÍÑÂäÇ°ÏàµÈ,¼ÌÐøʵÑéʱÆøÌåÖÊÁ¿ÈÔÄܱ£³Ö²»±ä,VÓëp»¹ÊdzÉÕý±È,µ«Ð±ÂʱÈÔ­À´Ð¡,¹ÊBÕýÈ·¡£

´ð°¸:(1)Òƶ¯»îÈûÒª»ºÂý ²»ÄÜÓÃÊÖÎÕסעÉäÆ÷µÄ·â±ÕÆøÌ岿·Ö (2)×¢ÉäÆ÷Óëѹǿ´«¸ÐÆ÷Á¬½Ó²¿·ÖÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý (3)B

ÀíÏëÆøÌåµÄËÄÀà¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâ

ÆøÌåʵÑ鶨Âɼ°ÀíÏëÆøÌå״̬·½³ÌµÄÊÊÓöÔÏó¶¼ÊÇÒ»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿ÀíÏëÆøÌå,µ«ÔÚʵ¼ÊÎÊÌâÖÐ,³£Óöµ½ÆøÌåµÄ¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌ⣻ÆøÌåµÄ¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâ,¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÇÉÃîµØÑ¡ÔñºÏÊʵÄÑо¿¶ÔÏó,°Ñ¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâת»¯Îª¡°¶¨ÖÊÁ¿¡±µÄÎÊÌâ,´Ó¶ø¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃÆøÌåʵÑ鶨ÂÉ»òÀíÏëÆøÌå״̬·½³ÌÇó½â,³£¼ûÒÔÏÂËÄÖÖÀàÐÍ:

ÀàÐÍ(Ò») ³äÆø(´òÆø)ÎÊÌâ

ÔÚ³äÆø(´òÆø)ʱ,½«³ä½øÈÝÆ÷ÄÚµÄÆøÌåºÍÈÝÆ÷ÄÚµÄÔ­ÓÐÆøÌåΪÑо¿¶ÔÏóʱ,ÕâЩÆøÌåµÄÖÊ

µÚ 38 Ò³ ¹² 70 Ò³

Á¿ÊDz»±äµÄ¡£ÕâÑù,¿É½«¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±µÄÎÊÌâת»¯³É¡°¶¨ÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâ¡£

[Àý1] (2019¡¤ºÓÄÏÊ¡Ö£ÖÝÊÐÖʼì)ÈçͼËùʾΪÅçÈ÷Å©Ò©ÓõÄijÖÖÅçÎíÆ÷¡£ ÆäҩҺͰµÄ×ÜÈÝ»ýΪ15 L,×°ÈëÒ©Òººó,·â±ÕÔÚÒ©ÒºÉÏ·½µÄ¿ÕÆøÌå»ýΪ2 L,´òÆøͲ»îÈûÿ´Î¿ÉÒÔ´ò½ø1 atm¡¢150 cm3µÄ¿ÕÆø,ºöÂÔ´òÆøºÍÅçÒ©¹ý³ÌÆøÌåζȵı仯¡£

(1)ÈôҪʹÆøÌåѹǿÔö´óµ½2.5 atm,Ó¦´òÆø¶àÉٴΣ¿

(2)Èç¹ûѹǿ´ïµ½2.5 atmʱֹͣ´òÆø,²¢¿ªÊ¼ÏòÍâÅçÒ©,ÄÇôµ±ÅçÎíÆ÷²»ÄÜÔÙÏòÍâÅçҩʱ,Í°ÄÚʣϵÄÒ©Òº»¹ÓжàÉÙÉý£¿

[½âÎö] (1)ÉèÓ¦´òÆøn´Î,³õ̬Ϊ:

p1£½1 atm,V1£½150 cm3¡¤n£«2 L£½0.15n L£«2 L ĩ̬Ϊ:p2£½2.5 atm,V2£½2 L ¸ù¾Ý²£Òâ¶ú¶¨ÂɵÃ:p1V1£½p2V2 ½âµÃ:n£½20¡£

(2)ÓÉÌâÒâ¿ÉÖª:p2¡ä£½1 atm ¸ù¾Ý²£Òâ¶ú¶¨ÂɵÃ:p2V2£½p2¡äV2¡ä ´úÈëÊý¾Ý½âµÃ:V2¡ä£½5 L

ʣϵÄҩҺΪ:V£½15 L£­5 L£½10 L¡£ [´ð°¸] (1)20 (2)10 L ÀàÐÍ(¶þ) ³éÆøÎÊÌâ

ÔÚ¶ÔÈÝÆ÷³éÆøµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐ,¶Ôÿһ´Î³éÆø¶øÑÔ,ÆøÌåÖÊÁ¿·¢Éú±ä»¯,½â¾ö¸ÃÀà±äÖÊÁ¿ÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨Óë³äÆø(´òÆø)ÎÊÌâÀàËÆ:¼ÙÉè°Ñÿ´Î³é³öµÄÆøÌå°üº¬ÔÚÆøÌå±ä»¯µÄʼĩ״̬ÖÐ,¼´ÓõÈЧ·¨°Ñ¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâת»¯Îª¡°¶¨ÖÊÁ¿¡±µÄÎÊÌâ¡£

[Àý2] ÓÃÈÝ»ýΪ¦¤VµÄ»îÈûʽ³éÆø»ú¶ÔÈÝ»ýΪV0µÄÈÝÆ÷ÖеÄÆøÌå³éÆø,ÈçͼËùʾ¡£ÉèÈÝÆ÷ÖÐÔ­À´µÄÆøÌåѹǿΪp0,³éÆø¹ý³ÌÖÐÆøÌåζȲ»±ä¡£Çó³éÆø»úµÄ»îÈû³éÆøn´Îºó,ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐÊ£ÓàÆøÌåµÄѹǿpnΪ¶àÉÙ£¿

[½âÎö] µ±»îÈûÏÂѹʱ,·§ÃÅa¹Ø±Õ,b´ò¿ª,³éÆø»úÆû¸×ÖЦ¤VÌå»ýµÄÆø

ÌåÅųö,ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐÆøÌåѹǿ½µÎªp1¡£»îÈûµÚ¶þ´ÎÉÏÌá(¼´³éµÚ¶þ´ÎÆø),ÈÝÆ÷ÖÐÆøÌåѹǿ½µÎªp2¡£¸ù¾Ý²£Òâ¶ú¶¨ÂÉ,¶ÔÓÚµÚÒ»´Î³éÆø,ÓÐ

p0V0£½p1(V0£«¦¤V) V0½âµÃp1£½p

V0£«¦¤V0

µÚ 39 Ò³ ¹² 70 Ò³

¶ÔÓÚµÚ¶þ´Î³éÆø,ÓÐp1V0£½p2(V0£«¦¤V) V0?2?½âµÃp2£½V£«¦¤Vp0 ?0?

ÒÔ´ËÀàÍÆ,µÚn´Î³éÆøºóÈÝÆ÷ÖÐÆøÌåѹǿ½µÎª V0?n?pn£½V£«¦¤Vp0¡£ ?0?V0?n?[´ð°¸] V£«¦¤Vp0

?0?ÀàÐÍ(Èý) ¹àÆø(ÆøÌå·Ö×°)ÎÊÌâ

½«Ò»¸ö´óÈÝÆ÷ÀïµÄÆøÌå·Ö×°µ½¶à¸öСÈÝÆ÷ÖеÄÎÊÌâÒ²ÊDZäÖÊÁ¿ÎÊÌâ,·ÖÎöÕâÀàÎÊÌâʱ,¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ´óÈÝÆ÷ÖеÄÆøÌåºÍ¶à¸öСÈÝÆ÷ÖеÄÆøÌå×÷Ϊһ¸öÕûÌåÀ´½øÐÐÑо¿,¼´¿É½«¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâת»¯Îª¡°¶¨ÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâ¡£

[Àý3] ijÈÝ»ýΪ20 LµÄÑõÆøƿװÓÐ30 atmµÄÑõÆø,ÏÖ°ÑÑõÆø·Ö×°µ½ÈÝ»ýΪ5 LµÄС¸ÖÆ¿ÖÐ,ʹÿ¸öС¸ÖÆ¿ÖÐÑõÆøµÄѹǿΪ5 atm,Èôÿ¸öС¸ÖÆ¿ÖÐÔ­ÓÐÑõÆøѹǿΪ1 atm,ÎÊÄÜ·Ö×°¶àÉÙÆ¿£¿(Éè·Ö×°¹ý³ÌÖÐÎÞ©Æø,ÇÒζȲ»±ä)

[½âÎö] Éè×î¶àÄÜ·Ö×°n¸öС¸ÖÆ¿,²¢Ñ¡È¡ÑõÆøÆ¿ÖеÄÑõÆøºÍn¸öС¸ÖÆ¿ÖеÄÑõÆøÕûÌåΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó¡£ÒòΪ·Ö×°¹ý³ÌÖÐζȲ»±ä,¹Ê×ñÑ­²£Òâ¶ú¶¨ÂÉ¡£

·Ö×°Ç°ÕûÌåµÄ״̬:

p1£½30 atm,V1£½20 L£»p2£½1 atm,V2£½5n L ·Ö×°ºóÕûÌåµÄ״̬:

p1¡ä£½5 atm,V1¡ä£½20 L£»p2¡ä£½5 atm,V2¡ä£½5n L ¸ù¾Ý²£Òâ¶ú¶¨ÂÉ,ÓÐp1V1£«p2V2£½p1¡äV1¡ä£«p2¡äV2¡ä ´úÈëÊý¾Ý½âµÃn£½25(Æ¿)¡£ [´ð°¸] 25Æ¿ ÀàÐÍ(ËÄ) ©ÆøÎÊÌâ

ÈÝÆ÷©Æø¹ý³ÌÖÐÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿²»¶Ï·¢Éú±ä»¯,ÊôÓÚ±äÖÊÁ¿ÎÊÌâ,Èç¹ûÑ¡ÈÝÆ÷ÄÚÊ£ÓàÆøÌåºÍ©µôµÄÆøÌåΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó,±ã¿Éʹ¡°±äÖÊÁ¿¡±×ª»¯³É¡°¶¨ÖÊÁ¿¡±ÎÊÌâ¡£

[Àý4] (2020¡¤¹ã¶«Ê¡Ã¯ÃûÊÐÄ£Äâ)һλÏû·ÀÔ±ÔÚ»ðÔÖÏÖ³¡·¢ÏÖÒ»¸öÈÝ»ýΪV0µÄ·ÏÆúµÄÑõÆø¹Þ(ÈÏΪÈÝ»ý²»±ä),¾­¼ì²â,ÄÚ²¿·â±ÕÆøÌåѹǿΪ1.2p0(p0Ϊ1¸ö±ê×¼´óÆøѹ)¡£ÎªÁËÏû³ý°²È«Òþ»¼,Ïû·À¶ÓÔ±ÄâÓÃÏÂÃæÁ½ÖÖ´¦Àí·½°¸:

(1)ÀäÈ´·¨:¾­¹ýºÏÀíÀäÈ´,ʹ¹ÞÄÚÆøÌåζȽµÎª27 ¡æ,´ËʱÆøÌåѹǿ½µÎªp0,ÇóÑõÆø¹ÞÄÚÆøÌåÔ­À´µÄζÈÊǶàÉÙÉãÊ϶ȣ¿

(2)·ÅÆø·¨:±£³Ö¹ÞÄÚÆøÌåζȲ»±ä,»ºÂýµØ·Å³öÒ»²¿·ÖÆøÌå,ʹ¹ÞÄÚÆøÌåѹǿ½µÎªp0,ÇóÑõÆø¹ÞÄÚÊ£ÓàÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿ÓëÔ­À´×ÜÖÊÁ¿µÄ±ÈÖµ¡£

µÚ 40 Ò³ ¹² 70 Ò³

p0p1p1

[½âÎö] (1)¶ÔÆøÌåÓɲéÀí¶¨ÂÉÓУ½,½âµÃT1£½T0£½360 K,

T0T1p0ÆøÌåÔ­À´Î¶ÈΪt£½(360£­273)¡æ£½87 ¡æ¡£

(2)¼ÙÉ轫·Å³öµÄÆøÌåÏÈÊÕ¼¯ÆðÀ´,²¢±£³ÖѹǿÓëÑõÆø¹ÞÄÚÏàͬ,ÒÔÈ«²¿ÆøÌåΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó,ÓÉÆøÌåµÄ²£Òâ¶ú¶¨ÂÉÓÐp1V0£½p0V,

p1

½âµÃV£½V0£½1.2V0,

p0

mÊ£¦ÑV05

ÔòÊ£ÓàÆøÌåÓëÔ­À´ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈΪ£½¦ÑV£½¡£

6m×Ü5

[´ð°¸] (1)87 ¡æ (2)

6[¿Îʱ¸ú×Ù¼ì²â]

1.(2019¡¤±±¾©¸ß¿¼)ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( ) A.ζȱêÖ¾×ÅÎïÌåÄÚ´óÁ¿·Ö×ÓÈÈÔ˶¯µÄ¾çÁÒ³Ì¶È B.ÄÚÄÜÊÇÎïÌåÖÐËùÓзÖ×ÓÈÈÔ˶¯Ëù¾ßÓеĶ¯ÄܵÄ×ÜºÍ C.ÆøÌåѹǿ½öÓëÆøÌå·Ö×ÓµÄƽ¾ù¶¯ÄÜÓйØ

D.ÆøÌåÅòÕͶÔÍâ×ö¹¦ÇÒζȽµµÍ,·Ö×ÓµÄƽ¾ù¶¯ÄÜ¿ÉÄܲ»±ä

½âÎö:Ñ¡A ζÈÊÇ·Ö×Óƽ¾ù¶¯ÄܵÄÁ¿¶È(±êÖ¾),A¶Ô¡£ÄÚÄÜÊÇÎïÌåÄÚËùÓзÖ×ӵķÖ×Ó¶¯ÄܺͷÖ×ÓÊÆÄܵÄ×ܺÍ,B´í¡£ÆøÌåѹǿ²»½öÓë·Ö×ÓµÄƽ¾ù¶¯ÄÜÓйØ,»¹Óë·Ö×ÓµÄÃܼ¯³Ì¶ÈÓйØ,C´í¡£Î¶ȽµµÍ,Ôò·Ö×ÓµÄƽ¾ù¶¯ÄܱäС,D´í¡£

2. (¶àÑ¡)(2020¡¤¹óÖÝÄ£Äâ)ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( ) A.·Ö×Ó¼ä¾àÀë¼õСʱ·Ö×ÓÊÆÄÜÒ»¶¨¼õС

B.¼´Ê¹Ë®Äý½á³É±ùºó,Ë®·Ö×ÓµÄÈÈÔ˶¯Ò²²»»áÍ£Ö¹ C.½«Ò»¿é¾§ÌåÇÃËé,µÃµ½µÄС¿ÅÁ£Ò²ÊǾ§Ìå

D.ÓÉͬÖÖÔªËع¹³ÉµÄ¹ÌÌå,¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÉÓÚÔ­×ÓµÄÅÅÁз½Ê½²»Í¬¶ø³ÉΪ²»Í¬µÄ¾§Ìå ½âÎö:Ñ¡BCD µ±·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀëСÓÚƽºâλÖÃÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀëʱ,·Ö×Ó¼ä¾àÀë¼õСʱ·Ö×ÓÊÆÄÜÔö´ó,ËùÒÔ·Ö×Ó¼ä¾àÀë¼õСʱ·Ö×ÓÊÆÄܲ»Ò»¶¨¼õС,¿ÉÄÜÔö´ó,Ñ¡ÏîA´íÎó£»¼´Ê¹Ë®Äý½á³É±ùºó,Ë®·Ö×ÓµÄÈÈÔ˶¯Ò²²»»áÍ£Ö¹,·Ö×ÓÔÚ×öÓÀ²»Í£Ï¢µÄÎÞ¹æÔòÈÈÔ˶¯,Ñ¡ÏîBÕýÈ·£»½«Ò»¿é¾§ÌåÇÃËé,µÃµ½µÄС¿ÅÁ£Ò²ÊǾ§Ìå,Ñ¡ÏîCÕýÈ·£»ÓÉͬÖÖÔªËع¹³ÉµÄ¹ÌÌå,¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÉÓÚÔ­×ÓµÄÅÅÁз½Ê½²»Í¬¶ø³ÉΪ²»Í¬µÄ¾§Ìå,ÀýÈç,̼ԪËØ¿ÉÒÔ¹¹³ÉʯīºÍ½ð¸Õʯ,ʯīÓë½ð¸ÕʯÎïÀíÐÔÖÊÍêÈ«²»Í¬¡£Ñ¡ÏîDÕýÈ·¡£

3.ÈçͼËùʾ,°Ñ²£Á§¹ÜµÄÁÑ¿Ú·ÅÔÚ»ðÑæÉÏÉÕÈÛ,ËüµÄ¼â¶Ë¾Í±ä¶ÛÁË¡£²úÉúÕâ