respectively, said that binary \there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife.

ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising.

3.PLC control of the knife random mode of election

3. 1Common methods of automatic election knife

Automatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions on the knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change [(63,71]. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: random sequence election knives and knife election method. 3.1.1 order election knife

Tool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. The need to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife. 3.1.2Random election knife

Random election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the \

tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding.

1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary \there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the code, to avoid the cutter knife Block did not confuse the situation. 2. Knife Block coding. On the knife Block coding, coding tool, and tool into line with the number of knives in the Block. ATC knife when the rotation, so that each knife seats followed through knowledge knife, knife found blocks, knives stopped the rotation. At this time there is no knife handle encoding part of the knife handle simplified.

3. Annex coding methods. This style of coding keys, coded cards, coding and coding-disc, which is the most widely used coding keys. First toknives are attached to a tool of the show wrapped coding keys, and when the cutter knife to the store at knife in, so put the number of keys to remember knife Block Road, will be inserted into key to the coding Block next to the key hole in the seat for the knife to the numbers.

Conclusion

Focused on in today's manufacturing environment tool storage and management of new models and

methods, practical application of good results in systems integration and optimization, and other aspects of operations will be further explored, so that it has a higher theoretical and practical level.

译文：

机床刀具设计

课题研究意义

机床原来的刀库控制程序是单独设计的，没有采用刀具管理系统，功能也比较单一，只实现了刀库刀具的找刀、刀库最短路径定位、主轴换刀，而且不支持大型刀具。

在刀库自动选刀方面，在计算机记忆式选刀的基础上采用了西门子840D特色功能，使选刀程序更简洁，并完成空刀套的查找。刀库快速换刀利用STEP-7完成编程，并在实际中得到验证。在刀库定位问题上，PLC程序控制采用模块化设计方法，这对今后生产类似机床将十分有利，很容易将其利用到其他机床上。自动换刀系统将以较快的速度增长，缩短换刀时间，提高刀具的定位精度是重要的手段，有利于数控技术的发展。

刀具及其元件库存是现代生产管理中的重要环节, 特别是大型车间管理。传统的人工记帐管理方式, 效率低下, 错误率高, 且信息数据不能共享, 刀具的使用状态和寿命周期无法跟踪, 不能适应当前信息化管理需要。结合生产实际, 我们在车间刀具准备间建立刀具贮存立体库系统, 以满足车间刀辅具储存与管理的需要。

该系统采用最优化技术, 利用计算机存储的大量库存信息, 能及时、准确、全面地反映刀具库的库存情况。整个系统采用图形界面, 人机对话由中文菜单提示, 可实现各种功能选择和各种信息的输入。管理系统采用在线帮助功能。可通过车间管理层、网络系统实现信息管理和共享。具有自动库存管理、刀具入库管理、刀具出库管理和统计查询功能。

1.系统组成及其控制结构

整个系统包括机械结构及电气控制系统。 1.1.1 机械结构及工作原理

刀具库由支架、驱动机构、传动系统、刀架、护罩、电气控制系统等部分组成。支架由立柱、横梁、上下导向环轨、支撑地轨组成。

1)驱动机构 该系统选用了变频调速的方法。采用锥形制动电机, 带变频调速, 经摆线针轮减速器, 通过链轮传动。

2)拖动与传动系统 采用变频控制技术。通过变频调速, 可使传动轴转速在正常范围内调节使刀架回转速度控制到 5～ 30mm in, 2 个传动轴各带上、下2 个链轮通过上、下2 条异形滚子链带动货架转动。链条胀紧机构采用螺纹调节胀紧, 为定期胀紧方式。调节时上、下链条松度调节一致, 使链条受力均匀。

3)刀架与防护罩 整库共有14 列独立刀架。其中 13 列为插座式刀架, 1 列为抽屉式刀架, 每个刀架背部通过销轴与上、下输送链链板联接, 底部安装滚轮, 链条转动带动刀架沿地轨转动。插座式刀架分BT40 刀架和BT50 刀架 2 种形式。为加强管理, 保证安全, 美化造型, 货架外围加防护罩。抽屉式刀架分 6 个抽屉放置其他刀辅具, 可分类装存一些刀辅具, 如钻头、车刀等。