Part I Structure and Vocabulary (30 minutes, 10 points)
Section A
Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has an underlined part and there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
1. The energy companies launched urgent studies of the Arctic environment. A. made B. stressed C. moved D. started 2. As working hours tend to get shorter and shorter, people should learn how
to spend their increased leisure time in some satisfying way. A. longer hours B. more chance C. free time D. happy time
3. Establishment of a sound insurance system is essential for deepening
economic reforms. A. accurate B. healthy C. undisturbed D. safe 4. The workers at large approved of the government’s policy.
A. mostly B. freely C. happily D. angrily
5. It would take Mary some time to get over the grief at her husband’s death.
A. overcome B. do without C. pass D. deal with
6. Mail service is often suspended in this country when the postal workers
were on strike. A. inspected B. uninterrupted C. delayed D. reduced 7. Lifting the shoulders is a gesture that indicates lack of interest. A. Napping B. Shrugging C. Sighing D. Provoking
8. Electrical energy may be divided into two components specified as positive and negative. A. confused B. designated C. specialized D. amplified
9. Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was distracted by the noise made by the rushing-in girls. A. confused B. diverted 第 1 页 共 12 页
C. attracted D. discharged
10. History is thus used to justify and support national ideals and institutions. A. explain B. assist C. establish D. judge
Section B
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
11. Movie directors use music to _______the action on the screen. A. contaminate B. compliment C. contemplate D. complement 12. The critical moment for harvest _______ from year to year and from one
planet to the next. A. renews B. envies C. baffles D. varies 13. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is _______ nonsense.
A. sheer B. shear C. shield D. sheet
14. The political future of the president is now hanging by a _______ .
A. cord B. thread C. string D. rope
15. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both _______ targets
and moving targets. A. standing B. still C. stationary D. stable
16. The table was very large and heavy; in fact, it was so _______ that it could
not be moved.
A. extravagant B. massive C. plentiful D. exercise
17. Fewer and fewer of today’s workers expect to spend their working lives in
the same field, _______ the same company. A. all else B. much worse C. less likely D. let alone 18. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought
increased _______ a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.
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A. manipulation B. reproduction C. circulation D. penetration 19. He is _______ a very old man but in fact he is only fifty.
A. apparently B. evidently C. obviously D. actually
20. It is possible to _______ the Pauline arguments in terms of two directives.
A. take up B. sum up C. show up D. turn up
Part II Cloze Test (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Television is the most effective brainwashing medium ever invented by man. Advertisers know this to be _______ (21). Children are affected by television in _______ (22) we scarcely understand. In the fall of 1971, I was _______ (23) a story involving a young white woman living on the fringe of Boston’s black ghetto. Her car had _______ (24) out of gas. She had gone to a filling station _______ (25) a can and was returning to her car when she was _______ (26) in an alley by a gang of black youths. The gang _______ (27) gasoline over her and set fire to her. She died _______ (28) her burns. It was later established _______ (29) some of the youths involved had, on the night before the killing, _______ (30) on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is _______ (31) on fire by an adolescent gang. There is some kind of strange reductive process (还原过程) at work here. To see something on television robs it _______ (32) its reality, and then when the same thing is _______ (33) out it is like the reenactment (重演) of something unreal.
_______ (34) other words when the gang set fire to the girl, they were imitating _______ (35) they had seen on a screen, as if they themselves were on a screen, and in a _______ (36). I don’t think we have _______ (37) begun to realize how powerful a(n) _______ (38) television. It has already _______ (39) very clear that the candidate with the most television _______ (40) wins the election.
21. A. true B. sincere C. dependant D. exact 22. A. methods B. ways C. directions D. respects 23. A. arranged B. allotted C. appointed D. assigned 第 3 页 共 12 页
24. A. left B. run C. stayed D. stopped 25. A. for B. by C. with D. in 26. A. traced B. followed C. trapped D. hit 27. A. put B. poured C. dropped D. sprayed 28. A. of B. with C. in D. over 29. A. when B. that C. because D. as 30. A. looked B. watched C. experienced D. gone 31. A. set B. seen C. watched D. burned 32. A. of B. from C. by D. for 33. A. acted B. played C. put D. taken 34. A.On B. In C. By D. At 35. A. that B. which C. what D. those 36. A. scene B. fiction C. television D. story 37. A. even B. already C. much D. little 38. A. equipment B. appliance C. source D. medium 39. A. become B. turned C. seemed D. looked 40. A. appearance B. appeal C. practice D. experience
Part III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
In cities across the United States, old factories, warehouses, schools, railroad stations and other buildings are being renovated for new uses. City planners and private investors are finding that good building, no matter how old, can be remodeled for new purposes. “If you’d asked some four or five years ago whether he’d rent an apartment in an abandoned piano factory or clothing warehouse, he’d have thought you were crazy, ”says a New York architect. “Today, many people are eager to do it.” The renovating may include a former city hall or courthouse changed into offices; a bank or church changed into a restaurant; or, as in Plains, Georgia, a railroad station used as a center for a presidential campaign.
Only a few decades ago, renovation was unpopular and generally far more expensive than taking down abandoned buildings and starting from the beginning. A change began in the 1960s with a number of well-advertised
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projects. They included Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, where an old chocolate factory was restored an d made into shops and restaurants; Trolley Square in Salt Lake City, where abandoned car warehouses became a shopping mall; the Soho district of New York City, where unused warehouses ere made into artists’ studios and apartments.
What caused the change? “One reason is nostalgia,” a San Francisco builder suggests. “Maybe old is better than new, many people are saying. Feelings about preserving attractive or historic buildings have changed a great deal.” A second cause is economy. The cost of tearing down an old building and constructing a new one from nothing now has risen to the point where it is often less expensive to fix a solid older structure. Also builders realize that fixing up an existing building often requires no new permits, sewer lines, or water connections.
Even when the costs of restoration are the same as or a bit more than the costs of putting up a new building, fixing the old building may be better. A Boston architect says, “The advantage comes when you can develop a final project that is more desirable than a new building —one with the right location, more space, more floor area, a special character, materials of a particular quality.” Gradually, architects and builders are developing knowledge about renovation and preservation, bringing imagination and creativity to the job.
41. In the United States, renovating old buildings _______?
A. has had a long history B. is becoming increasing popular C. is still unpopular
D. has just caught the fancy of architects and builders
42. Ghirardelli Square, Trolley Square, and the Soho district are projects that
_______.
A. have been given much publicity B. are little known to the public
C. have been widely discussed among builders and city planners D. have changed the building business
43. “Nostalgia” in the 3rd paragraph most probably means _______.
A. being conservative
B. being keen on saving money C. being fond of things new
D being fond of things of the remote past 44. Which of the following statements is true?
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A. Every old building can be renovated for new uses.
B. Renovating old buildings is always less costly than putting up new ones. C. Renovation does not require imagination and creativity
D. Fixing an old building may have advantages even when it costs a little more 45. The passage is mainly about _______.
A. the increasing popularity of renovation. B. nostalgia.
C. changes in the building business.
D. preservation of attractive or historic buildings.
Passage Two Advertising plays a major role in the distribution of goods from manufacturers to consumers. It provides an effective way for sellers to inform buyers about products. Advertising thus helps manufacturers sell their products and benefits consumers by providing them with shopping information. Advertising also helps the economy grow by stimulating demand for new products. Manufacturers spend much money to develop new products. Through advertising, they can speed up the process of creating a market for a product and so recover their costs more quickly. Fewer new products would be developed if manufacturers could not use advertising to help sell the products. Advertisers include the expense of advertising in the sales price of a product. In some cases, advertising raises the price of a product. In other cases, advertising helps lower prices by creating the mass demand that supports mass production. Successful advertising makes many people want a product. By mass producing a product and developing a large volume of sales, the manufacturer can charge less per unit. Sociologically, advertising supports the mass communication media. It pays all the costs of commercial television and radio. It provides viewers with free entertainment and news programs, though viewers are often annoyed by commercial interruptions. Advertising also pays three-fourths of the costs of newspapers and magazines. Without advertising, readers would have to pay a higher price for newspapers and magazines, and many of the publications would go out of business. Because the mass media depend on advertising to stay in business, many people question whether advertisers control the media. Generally, media do not allow advertisers to influence their programming or editorial content. However, many broadcasters and publishers do not hesitate to run favorable information
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about their advertisers, and they sometimes refuse to run unfavorable information. Critics of commercial television maintain that dependence on advertising lowers the quality of TV programming. In order to sell advertising time at high prices, TV stations try to attract the largest possible audience. Critics argue that the stations therefore broadcast too many general entertainment programs and not enough informational and cultural programs. Many critics also charge that advertising persuades people to buy products they do not need or want through the use of psychological techniques. Advertisers reply that they do not have the means to make people buy unwanted products. They argue that adults freely choose what to buy or what not to buy. Most experts agree, however, that advertising is particularly persuasive to young children, who do not have the ability or experience to judge advertising critically. For this reason, the Federal Trade Commission has strict regulations governing advertising aimed at children.
46. Advertising is useful to the economy in the sense that ________
A. it helps to inform customers about new products. B. it gives the designers a chance to make money. C. it helps to create a market for new products. D. it gives the producers an excuse to raise prices.
47. Consumers will not benefit until advertising becomes successful______.
A. and the producer lowers the price B. with mass production
C. before a new market has been created D. or the manufacturer has recovered the cost
48. The author seems to think that commercial interruption on television and
radio _______.
A. are a waste of time B. are fully justified C. only serve the interest of producers D. only serve the interest of the media.
49. What critics are really worried about ______.
A. Broadcasters and publishers do not want to make open bad news about their advertisers
B. Stations are too much interested in seeking money from their advertisers
C. Programs are not so appealing to more and more audience D. Stations will not broadcast enough educational programs 第 7 页 共 12 页
50. What is the author’s attitude towards advertising?
A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Not clear.
Passage Three
Most publishing is now “electronic” in the sense that books, magazines, and newspapers are prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to giving readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well as－or even instead of－the printed versions.
Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available. Printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search. Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.
Suppose a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internet’s World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so internet publishing costs very little. Articles don’t have to be cut (although there is of course a limit to the amount people are willing to read on line). Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or next month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: the humblest local paper can be read everywhere from New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo. Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: readers pick up the bills for their online sessions. Also, computer-based publications are simple to store (on disc) and every word can be searched electronically.
At the moment, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the web because they are competing for “mindshare”. Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps they’re afraid of missing out because “everyone else is doing it”. But don’t count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money.
51. What does the author probably foresee?
A. Readers will have more accesses.
B. Books, magazines, and newspapers will be kept as computer files. C. It will not make any sense to keep the printed versions.
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D. Electronic publications will replace printed ones. 52. Which of the following is among the troubles print has?
A. It is dear to find printed materials.
B. Frequent editing is needed for better layout. C. Paper is passed around quickly. D. The space to restore articles is not enough
53. The electronic version of newspapers or magazines has all the following
advantages except that _______. A. it can be carried around. B. it can be read in many places C. it can be immediately accessed D. it requires little delivery cost
54. Why are publishers making their books freely available? A. They want to make money.
B. They do not like to lose their audience. C. They care competing for fun. D. They try to win more freedom.
55. What method does the author mainly use in this passage to achieve better
effects?
A. Examples and testing. B. Listing and persuading. C. Comparisons and listing. D. Analysis and examples.
Passage Four
Do animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet?
As this century draws to a close, there are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Frazier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians, lawyers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that legal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonstrated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief.
As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual and social behavior has expanded slowly and irregularly throughout history. Starting by granting rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged
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the circle to include the family, the tribe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled to certain unalienable rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males. Since the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic minorities.
The next page in this history—the extension of ethical and legal rights to animals, plants and the rest of the natural world—is now being written, Nash believes. For a growing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the belief is taking root.
The idea that nature has rights and is entitled to ethical consideration is not a new one. Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being. But in the Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be part of it.
However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years, Nash says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained followers. U.S. law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endangered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act.
Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-called deep environmentalists and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic and unalienable rights that have nothing to do with its value to people. Some of these radicals have thrown themselves before bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank to prevent the river from being dammed.
For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties. Only in an epilogue (跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie. Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned for insisting that slaves were human beings with rights, today’s radical environmentalists are often laughed at for suggesting that nature is “the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of the American liberal tradition,” he says. But with the groundwork now laid for “mass participation in environmentalism,” Nash believes, there is a real possibility of serious confrontation with those who profit from exploitation of the environment.
“If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to America before the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace,” Nash warns, “it is not the fault of history.”
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56. Radical environmentalists hold that _______.
A. all of nature should enjoy legal and ethical protection B. all animals should have the same legal rights as human beings C. viruses should be eliminated from this planet D. nature should be exploited in a humane way
57. By “all men were created equal,” Thomas Jefferson meant that _______.
A. all human beings should enjoy equal rights B. all white males should have equal rights C. blacks and whites should enjoy equal rights D. men and women should have equal rights
58. According to the so-called deep environmentalists, ______.
A. things in nature that have value to people should be protected B. virgin forests should be preserved
C. man should let rivers take their natural course and dams should not be built
D. everything in nature has its intrinsic value and should be protected 59. According to the passage, Nash _______.
A. is neutral on the question concerning the ethical rights of nature B. sympathizes with the radical environmentalists C. laughs at the idea that nature deserves a place in the American liberal tradition
D. is scornful of the antislavery radicals for insisting that slaves were human beings
60. The best title for this passage might be _______.
A. Ethics and the Natural World B. Antislavery Radicals and Deep Environmentalists C. All Men Were Created Equal D. The Relationship Between Human Beings and Nature
Part IV. Translation
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese
version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.
The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excess physical exertion. The relatively few who do heavy labor all day long almost never complain about being tired, perhaps because they expect to be. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of
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under-exertion than of wearing yourself down with over-activity.
现代疲劳的原因是多种多样的，很少与超体力劳动有关。少数整日做重体力活的人几乎从没有抱怨太累了，也许因为他们希望累一些。现在，据医生报告，相对于由于过分活动使自己筋疲力尽来说，疲劳更有可能是活动不足的后果。
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.
跨文化交际不仅需要另一种语言的知识，而且也需要对非语言行为（手势、面部表情）以及文化行为、价值、习俗的理解。这是一种不仅理解单词，而且要理解隐藏的含义、动机和意图的能力。
Transcultural communication need not only another language knowledge but also the understanding to the non-language action (gestures, facial expressions)and cultural action ,value and customs. It’s an ability to understand not only the words but also the hidden meaning, idea and intention.
Part V. Writing (40 minutes, 20 points)
Directions: In this part you are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay on the topic My Contribution to Saving the Planet in no less than 150 words. Your essay must be written clearly on your Answer Sheet.
Our planet is becoming weaker and weaker. More and more natural disasters such as earthquakes,floods,droughts take place frequently.What shall we do to save our planet?I think I should do it from everything I do.
On one hand, when I stay at home, I save every drop of water, every piece of cloth and every piece of bread, I water the flowers with water that has cleaned the vegetables and wipe the floor that has washed the clothes. I turn off all the light and other electronic equipment before I leave home. I won’t throw away the batteries and collect them. Also I tell my child to do as I do.
On the other hand, when I’m at work, I also cherish all the thing I use. Print articles on paper’s both sides, say in short by telephone or use e-mail directly etc. Besides, I propagate what I do to others.
My contribution to saving the planet may be limit, but if everyone do it, that will be unlimited.
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