choose friends who are like-minded, Children with ____37____ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.”

Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability (遗传可能性) doesn’t mean that there is nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher ____38____ training.”

Plomin suggests genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being ____39____ to children’s natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says.

Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to ____40____ ads towards things drawing out their natural talents. 【答案】31. K 32. H 33. G 34. A 35. B 36. I 37. E 38. F 39. D 40. J 【解析】

本文属于科普文，介绍研究发现，年龄越大，基因对我们的影响就越大，这是与之前的观点相违背的。 【31题详解】

考查名词。句意：这跟大多数的观点相违背，他们认为年龄增长，环境的影响会逐渐超过我们基因的影响，这可能对教育有启发意义。分析文章可知，本句讲述新的发现观点以及对教育的意义，故选K。 【32题详解】

考查形容词。句意：我们的发现让人非常惊讶，朝着另一个方向前进的。根据文章

可知，新的发现与人们固有的认知是相违背的，故选H。 【33题详解】

考查副词。句意：之前的研究发现，智力的不同部分原因是由于基因。修饰due to用副词，故用partly，故选G。 【34题详解】

考查介词。句意：Plomin的团队收集了来自四个国家六份单独的研究数据，其中包括1100对双胞胎。分析句子可知，本句讲述结论的数据来源，故选A。 【35题详解】

考查动词。句意：每份研究包括同卵双生双胞胎，具有相同的基因，以及异卵双生的双胞胎，他们只有一半的基因相同，这样让区分基因和环境对G分数的影响成为可能。本句主要描述包含真正的双胞胎以及异卵双生的双胞胎的目的在区分不同因素对G 的影响，故选B。 【36题详解】

考查副词。句意：没人确切知道为什么基因会随着年龄的增长而影响加大。修饰动词用副词，结合语境，故用definitely，故选I。 【37题详解】

考查形容词。句意：G分数中等或者低的孩子可能选择挑战性更小的消遣和活动，进一步强调基因的作用。本句描述G中等和分数低的孩子的表现,故选E。 【38题详解】

考查名词。句意：从我们的研究来说，开始IQ分数不高的人接受了更高的成果训练。修饰training用名词作定语，故选F。 【39题详解】

考查动词。句意：基因的影响可能会更加明确，如果孩子们接受的都是同样的课程，而不是根据他们的天性安排课程。根据本句identical curriculum instead of可知，很多孩子接受的专门定制的教育，故选D。 【40题详解】

考查动词。句意：这显示了教育者需要把广告投入到可以发挥他们天赋的东西上面。

本句描述要调整自己的内容和重点，故选J。

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A

Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are ____41____ to post the results of their own labours online.

Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库), and astronomers are accustomed to ____42____ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects-but these remain the ____43____. not the rule. Historically, scientists have ____44____ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work, until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data, and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

But the ____45____ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data ____46____. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to. “ ____47____ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish

research products ____48____ and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引用) them.

Although calls to share data often concentrate on the ____49____ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits including more connections with colleagues, improved _____50_____ and increased citations. The most successful sharers- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often-get noticed, and their work gets used. _____51_____. one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been _____52_____ 5700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. “I’d much prefer to have my date used by the _____53_____ number of people to as their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be _____54_____.”

Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding _____55_____ later on. 41. A. restricted 42. A. accessing identifying 43. A. assumption phenomenon 44. A. longed for

B. appealed to

C. focused on

D. objected

B. mystery

C. exception

D.

B. reluctant B. processing

C. desperate C. analyzing

D. generous D.