【最新】2012届高考英语语法精品学案:专题十二 状语从句 下载本文

状语从句是每年高考的必考点之一,在单项填空、完形填空中都会有所体现。从近几年的高考题来看,连接词在具体语境中的运用,尤其是连接词语义的延伸,是高考命题的重点,因此在一轮的复习过程中要多加注意。另外还要注意状语从句与定语从句和名词性从句的判断;状语从句与非谓语动词的关系;状语从句与强调句的辨别等问题。

状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句子的含义,它可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导,有时由一个起连词作用的词组引导。

一、 各种状语从句分类及其连词一览表

类型 连词(词组) when,as,while,before,after,since,once,till/until,时间状语从句 as soon as,hardly…when…,no sooner…than,the moment,immediately,directly, instantly, every time, each time, next time, the first time 原因状语从句 地点状语从句 条件状语从句 类型 连词(词组) because,as,since(既然),in that,seeing (that),now (that),considering (that) where,wherever if,unless,as long as,in case,supposing,on condition that,providing,provided (that), suppose (that),only if 1

让步状语从句 (as) though,even if/though,while,however,whatever,no matter… so…that…, so that, such…that… 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 so that,in order that, in case, for fear that 方式状语从句 as,just as,as if/though 比较状语从句

as…as,than,the more…the more 如:

1. [2009·辽宁卷] It just isn't fair. I was working as a waiter last month, ________ my friends were lying on the beach.

A.whenever C.for

B.though D.while

【解析】 D while 在这里表对比。句意为:这太不公了,上个月我在做服务生的工

作,而我的朋友们躺在海滩上。

2. [2009·湖南卷] ________ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.

A.Although C.If only

B.As long as

D.As soon as

【解析】 A 句意为:尽管警察认为他最有可能,但是由于没有确凿的证据,他们不

能逮捕他。although引导让步状语从句。选A。as long as意为“只要”,表示条件;if only也表示条件,但后接虚拟语气;as soon as意为“一……就……”,表示时间。

二、学习状语从句应该注意的几个问题

状语从句考查热点在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因、目的及方式状语从句

的连词及时态等方面。要选择正确的连词,需要正确理解句子的含义,准确判断主从句的逻

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辑关系,同时还要注意区分词义相近的连词、介词和副词。在备考中,要注意以下四点: 1. 注意连词的选用

不同的状语从句使用不同的连词,有时同一个连接词可连接不同的从句,表示不同的意

义。

如:Take your umbrella in case it should rain. 带上你的雨伞,以防下雨。(目的状语从句)

In case there's a fire, what will you do first?万一发生火灾,你首先会做什么?(条

件状语从句, in case通常在句首) 2. 注意主句和状语从句的时态

在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,从句的时态往往有一定的限制。 一般来说,主句

用将来时,从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。如:

I'll go if he invites me.

You can't leave until you have done your homework.

No matter what he does, he can't get praise from his father.

3. 注意倒装语序

not until…, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等引导的句子,句子的主句部分的

语序需要作一些调整,而状语从句用正常语序。但是as(引导让步状语从句),no matter how等,从句部分的语序需要做些调整。如:

No sooner had she got there than she called me up. (no sooner所在部分使用了倒

装结构)

No matter how rich he is, he is not happy.

Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

4. 注意状语从句的简化(紧缩现象)

有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句,如果谓语部分含有动词be,主

语又和主句的主语一致(或相同),或从句主语为it,常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的一部分(特别是be)省略掉。如:

Look out for cars while crossing the street.

He said that he would like to offer help if necessary.

The inspector looked round, as if (he was) in search of something.

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1. 【误】 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are going to survive.

【正】 In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are to

survive.

【解析】 if从句中不能用表示将来的will, be going to等,但可以使用if sb./sth. is to

do sth. 结构。

2. 【误】 You will be late unless you will leave immediately.

3. 【误】 Stay there where you are.

【正】 Stay where you are.

【解析】 where可以引导从句作地点状语,因此there是多余的,此句也可以是:Stay 【正】 You will be late unless you leave immediately.

【解析】 时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来意义。

in the place where you are. 此时where引导的是定语从句。

4. 【误】 Mum would not let him buy it, as if he had enough money! 【正】 Mum would not let him buy it, even if he had enough money!

【解析】 从前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系可知,应用even if。even if即使;as if好

像。

5. 【误】 Not until I began to work I realized how much time I had wasted.

6. 【误】 I won't agree with no matter what you may say.

【正】 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 【解析】 not until…臵于句首时,主句应使用倒装。

【正】 I won't agree with whatever you may say.

【正】 Whatever/ No matter what you may say, I won't agree.

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