.
2vapHm > vapUm µѹϵͳ͵ϵͳԻ
13. 300 Kʱ1.53 mol ZnڹϡСӦֱڿձܷнСȽ϶ࣿ?
⣺ڿձнʱЧӦΪQpܷнʱЧӦΪQVʷȽ϶ࡣ
IJΪ?ngRT?1 mol?8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?300 K?3816 J
14. 373K101.325kPaʱ1glH2Ol¡ѹ2ں373KͻȻΪͬ¡ͬѹH2Og̵ֱQWUͦHֵ֪ˮ2259JgԺҺ̬ˮ ⣺1ˮͬͬѹµ
-1
Q p=H = mvapHm = 12259 = 2.26kJ
W = -pVg = -ngRT = ?m1RT=-8.314373 = -172.3J
MH2O18U = Q + W = 2259 172.3 = 2.09 kJ
2Уpe = 0W = 0
UH Ϊ״ֻ̬Ҫ״ֵ̬ͬȣУ
H = 2.26kJ U = Q =2.09 kJ
15. 298KʱӦ
??COOH?2?s?+CH3OH?l???COOCH3?2?s?+H2O?l?
?rHm֪
?1?CHm???COOH?2s??=-120.2kJ?mol
ӦıĦӦʱ
?1? COOCHs=-1678kJ?mol?CHm?CH3OHl?=-726.5kJ?mol?1?CHm???3?2?⣺ ?rHm=?cHm(298 K)????B?CHm(B)
B???COOH?2s???2?cHm?CH3OH,l???cHm???COOCH3?2s??
???120.2?2?(?726.5)?1678?kJ?mol?1?104.8 kJ?mol?1
16. ֪зӦڱѹ298 KʱķӦΪ 1CH3COOHl+2O2g=2CO2g+2H2Ol rHm1= - 870.3 kJmol 2Cs+O2g=CO2g rHm2= - 393.5 kJmol 3H2g+
-1-1
1Og= HOl H3= - 285.8 kJmol22
2
r
m
-1
Լ㷴Ӧ42Cs+2H2g+O2g=CH3COOHl?rHmѡ
(298 K)
.
⣺Ӧ 4 = 2 2+ 23-1
?rHm(298 K)??2?(?393.5)?2?(?285.8)?(?870.3)?kJ?mol?1??488.3 kJ?mol?1
17. 298 KʱC2H5OH lıĦȼΪ -1367 kJmolCO2gH2Ol ıĦʷֱΪ-393.5 kJmol -285.8 kJmol 298 K ʱC2H5OHlıĦʡ
⣺ C2H5OH ?rHm ?rHm-1
-1
-1
?l??3O2?g??2CO2?g??H2O?l?
??CHm(C2H5OH,l)
?2?fHm(CO2,g)?3?fHm(H2O,l)??fHm(C2H5OH,l)
?fHm(C2H5OH,l)?2?fHm(CO2,g)?3?fHm(H2O,l)??rHm =[2?(?393.5)+3?(?285.8)?(?1367)] kJ?mol =?277.4 kJ?mol
?1?118. ֪ 298 K ʱCH4gCO2gH2OlıĦʷֱΪ -74.8 kJmol-393.5 kJmol-285.8 kJmol298 KʱCH4gıĦȼʡ ⣺ CH4-1
-1
-1
?g??2O2?g?=2H2O?l?+CO2?g?
=2?fHm(H2O,l)+?fHm(CO2,g)??1?CHm(CH4,g)=?rHm?fHm(CH4,g)
=[2?(?285.8)+(?393.5)?(?74.8)] kJ?mol =?890.3 kJ?mol
19. 0.50 g ڵʽȼȼգ¶2.94 KʽȼƱΪ8.177kJK298 K ʱıĦȼʡȼƵƽ¶Ϊ298 K֪ĦΪ 100.2 gmol
⣺ 0.5 gȼպųĺΪ
-1
-1
?1QV=?8.177 kJ?K?1?2.94 K=?24.04 kJ
1 molȼյĵΪ
100.2 g?mol?1?1 ?24.04 kJ?=?4818 kJ?mol
0.50 gѡ
.
ȼշӦΪ C7H16(l)+11O2(g)=7CO2(g)+8H2O(l)
?CUm=QV=?4848 kJ?mol?1 ?CHm=?CUm+
?VBBRT
?1?1=?4818 kJ?mol+(7?11) ?8.314 J?mol=?4828 kJ?mol
?1?K?1?298 K
20. ڱѹ298KʱH2gO2gķӦΪH2g+ 뷴ӦʾΪ崦֪?fHm1Og= HOg 22
2
?H2Og?=-241.82kJ?mol?1ǵı
Cm?H2g?=28.82J?K?1?mol?1ʱ
ѹĦݣ¶أֱΪ
Cm?O2g?=29.36J?K?1?mol?1Cm?H2Og?=33.58J?K?1?mol?1Լ㣺298K
ıĦӦʱ?rHm?rHm(298 K)ѧܱ仯?rUm(298 K)2498KʱıĦӦ
(498 K)
⣺1H2?g??1O2?g??H2O?g?
2?rHm?298K???fHm?H2Og???241.82kJ?mol?1
?rHm ?rUm?298K???rUm?298K???vgRT
?298K???rHm?298K???vgRT
??241.82??1?1?0.5??8.314?298?10?3
= -240.58kJ?mol
2 ?rHm?1?498K???rHm?298K???298K?vCp,mdT
?298K???298K??Cp,m?H2Og??Cp,m?H2g??498K498K = ?rHm?1?Cp,m?O2g??dT2?
= -241.82 + 33.58-28.82-0.529.36498-29810= 243.80kJ?mol
?1-3
ѡ
.
ѡ