物理化学核心教程(第二?课后答案完整?沈文霞编-科学出版社出? - 百度文库 ر

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2vapHm > vapUm µѹϵͳ͵ϵͳԻ

13. 300 Kʱ1.53 mol ZnڹϡСӦֱڿձܷнСȽ϶ࣿ?

⣺ڿձнʱЧӦΪQpܷнʱЧӦΪQV͹ʷȽ϶ࡣ

IJΪ?ngRT?1 mol?8.314 J?mol?1?K?1?300 K?3816 J

14. 373K101.325kPaʱ1glH2Ol¡ѹ2ں373KͻȻΪͬ¡ͬѹH2Og̵ֱQWUͦHֵ֪ˮ2259JgԺҺ̬ˮ ⣺1ˮͬͬѹµ

-1

Q p=H = mvapHm = 12259 = 2.26kJ

W = -pVg = -ngRT = ?m1RT=-8.314373 = -172.3J

MH2O18U = Q + W = 2259 172.3 = 2.09 kJ

2Уpe = 0W = 0

UH Ϊ״ֻ̬Ҫ״ֵ̬ͬȣУ

H = 2.26kJ U = Q =2.09 kJ

15. 298KʱӦ

??COOH?2?s?+CH3OH?l???COOCH3?2?s?+H2O?l?

?rHm֪

?1?CHm???COOH?2s??=-120.2kJ?mol

Ӧı׼ĦӦʱ

?1? COOCHs=-1678kJ?mol?CHm?CH3OHl?=-726.5kJ?mol?1?CHm???3?2?⣺ ?rHm=?cHm(298 K)????B?CHm(B)

B???COOH?2s???2?cHm?CH3OH,l???cHm???COOCH3?2s??

???120.2?2?(?726.5)?1678?kJ?mol?1?104.8 kJ?mol?1

16. ֪зӦڱ׼ѹ298 KʱķӦΪ 1CH3COOHl+2O2g=2CO2g+2H2Ol rHm1= - 870.3 kJmol 2Cs+O2g=CO2g rHm2= - 393.5 kJmol 3H2g+

-1-1

1Og= HOl H3= - 285.8 kJmol22

2

r

m

-1

Լ㷴Ӧ42Cs+2H2g+O2g=CH3COOHl?rHmѡ

(298 K)

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⣺Ӧ 4 = 2 2+ 23-1

?rHm(298 K)??2?(?393.5)?2?(?285.8)?(?870.3)?kJ?mol?1??488.3 kJ?mol?1

17. 298 KʱC2H5OH lı׼ĦȼΪ -1367 kJmolCO2gH2Ol ı׼ĦʷֱΪ-393.5 kJmol -285.8 kJmol 298 K ʱC2H5OHlı׼Ħʡ

⣺ C2H5OH ?rHm ?rHm-1

-1

-1

?l??3O2?g??2CO2?g??H2O?l?

??CHm(C2H5OH,l)

?2?fHm(CO2,g)?3?fHm(H2O,l)??fHm(C2H5OH,l)

?fHm(C2H5OH,l)?2?fHm(CO2,g)?3?fHm(H2O,l)??rHm =[2?(?393.5)+3?(?285.8)?(?1367)] kJ?mol =?277.4 kJ?mol

?1?118. ֪ 298 K ʱCH4gCO2gH2Olı׼ĦʷֱΪ -74.8 kJmol-393.5 kJmol-285.8 kJmol298 KʱCH4gı׼Ħȼʡ ⣺ CH4-1

-1

-1

?g??2O2?g?=2H2O?l?+CO2?g?

=2?fHm(H2O,l)+?fHm(CO2,g)??1?CHm(CH4,g)=?rHm?fHm(CH4,g)

=[2?(?285.8)+(?393.5)?(?74.8)] kJ?mol =?890.3 kJ?mol

19. 0.50 g ڵʽȼȼգ¶2.94 KʽȼƱΪ8.177kJK298 K ʱı׼ĦȼʡȼƵƽ¶Ϊ298 K֪ĦΪ 100.2 gmol

⣺ 0.5 gȼպųĺΪ

-1

-1

?1QV=?8.177 kJ?K?1?2.94 K=?24.04 kJ

1 molȼյĵΪ

100.2 g?mol?1?1 ?24.04 kJ?=?4818 kJ?mol

0.50 gѡ

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ȼշӦΪ C7H16(l)+11O2(g)=7CO2(g)+8H2O(l)

?CUm=QV=?4848 kJ?mol?1 ?CHm=?CUm+

?VBBRT

?1?1=?4818 kJ?mol+(7?11) ?8.314 J?mol=?4828 kJ?mol

?1?K?1?298 K

20. ڱ׼ѹ298KʱH2gO2gķӦΪH2g+ 뷴ӦʾΪ崦֪?fHm1Og= HOg 22

2

?H2Og?=-241.82kJ?mol?1ǵı׼

Cm?H2g?=28.82J?K?1?mol?1ʱ

ѹĦݣ¶޹أֱΪ

Cm?O2g?=29.36J?K?1?mol?1Cm?H2Og?=33.58J?K?1?mol?1Լ㣺298K

ı׼ĦӦʱ?rHm?rHm(298 K)ѧܱ仯?rUm(298 K)2498Kʱı׼ĦӦ

(498 K)

⣺1H2?g??1O2?g??H2O?g?

2?rHm?298K???fHm?H2Og???241.82kJ?mol?1

?rHm ?rUm?298K???rUm?298K???vgRT

?298K???rHm?298K???vgRT

??241.82??1?1?0.5??8.314?298?10?3

= -240.58kJ?mol

2 ?rHm?1?498K???rHm?298K???298K?vCp,mdT

?298K???298K??Cp,m?H2Og??Cp,m?H2g??498K498K = ?rHm?1?Cp,m?O2g??dT2?

= -241.82 + 33.58-28.82-0.529.36498-29810= 243.80kJ?mol

?1-3

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