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friendly conversations with. people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.

On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.

To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.

Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the wav that problems are dealt with.

Some societies have \situation in basically the same way. \societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.

This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularistic society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalism culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check - in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check - in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his problem.

57. Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americans and Australians___________. A. like traveling better B. easy to communicate with C. difficult to make real friends

D. have a long - term relationship with their neighbors

58. A person from a less mobile society will feel it ___________ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions. A. boring

B. friendly

C. normal

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D. rough

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59. In \ A. they have no rules for people to obey. B. people obey the society's rules completely. C. no one obeys the society's rules though they have to.

D. the society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations.

60. The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different ___________ A. interests

(B)

If you try to explain to someone, without using pictures, how to build the building that you have designed, it would take an enormous amount of writing and might end up with a very funny-looking building, The architect uses pictures called details to show how many hundreds of parts go together to form a complete building. There are at least a dozen different types of workers such as carpenters, plasterers and electricians involved in even the simplest buildings. For a large project, there may be as many as a hundred different contractors and material suppliers furnishing lab our and building products. Each contractor must know how their particular jobs are to be done.

The architect's details of the project show each contractor and workers how to construct one part of the building and how this part fits with the work of the other workers. Partly empty buildings are built exactly alike. So everything that goes into a new building must be drawn, including' the structural frame, mechanical and aesthetic system.

This type of drawing is Called drafting and is done by a person called draftsmen, Draftsmen make up the largest group of the architectural offices' work force. Because of the wide range of duties they perform, draftsmen are sometimes called architectural technicians. In a typical office, there are not only career draftsmen but also architectural graduates working as junior draftsmen to learn the trade while they are serving internship.

Career draftsmen are usually graduates from a two-year junior college called technical school. There was a time when architectural office used young people right out of high school as tracers. Their job was to trace over the other people's details while learning to be a draftsman. This is no longer possible with the fast- pace of architects' offices today although a junior draftsman is given guides by the more experienced employees.

So a good comprehensive architectural drafting course is a must before anyone seeks a job with an architectural firm. The job of the draftsmen is to translate the ideas, rough sketches, specifications and directions of architects, designers and engineers into complete and accurate working drawings. These become the plans and details used in the

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B. habits

C. cultures

D. ways of life

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actual construction of a building. From the many bits of information furnished by the project architect, the draftsman must put together a clear workable set of drawings, using whatever handbooks, tables and building codes the project requires. The project must be shown in great detail and drawn very clearly, so there is no chance for misunderstanding by the contractors. Every line and figure has an effect on the finished product.

As you can see, the draftsman is a key member of the architectural team. Of course, a junior draftsman is not expected to produce a complete set of working drawings. Depending on the size of the office and difficulty of the project, drafts men may work in groups or squads(小组队). An intermediate or senior draftsman serves as a squad leader or job captain. The squad leader coordinates the group and works closely with the project architect while the drawings are being produced. The draftsman usually works in a large area and well-lighted drafting room.

Working conditions are mostly very pleasant as the draftsman's work is intense and many people depend on accurate work. Each draftsman has a large combination drawing board and desk with various drawing aids. These include' drafting machines, triangles, compasses and templates for drawing furniture, etc. Almost without exception, members of the architectural team have at one time in their careers worked as draftsmen. This is essential to an architect education and most architects never get very far away from the drafting board. There are times when everyone in the office pitches in to help the draftsman meet a project deadline. The ability of a young draftsman to produce a neat, accurate and fast work does nor go unnoticed.

61. According to the passage, career draftsmen are usually __________. A. experienced architects C. high school graduates

B. architectural designers D. graduates of technical schools

62. We can learn from the passage that \ A. the architect's rough drawings and directions B. the ideas and directions for the project C. the plans and details for the actual construction D. the designer's handbook, tables and building codes 63. What can we learn about draftsmen from the passage? A. They all work in groups with a project architect. B. They are the main members of the architectural team. C. They provide labor and building materials.

D. They give guides to inexperienced architects.

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64. What is most essential for draftsmen's work according to the author? A. An architect education C. Accuracy in the drawings

(C)

Did you know that women's brains are smaller than men's? The average women's brain weighs 10% less than men's. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it's what's inside that matters; not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of \brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.

It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it's women who come out on top every time.

There are other important differences between two sexes, As white matter is the key to spatial tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. \players, and he knows where to go,\says one researcher. That may explain one of life's great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions and women often need to!

The differences begin when fetuses are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.

If all this disappoints you, it shouldn't. \says a biologist.

65. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? A. Women's brain is 10% less than men's

B. Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.

C. Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.

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B. The spirit of team work D. Advanced drawing aids

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