人，你可能会担心这会导致孩子最后挂科，可能会影响他上大学。然而，如果你是乐天派，你会意识到当下之急就是小孩需要在这门课上多用点儿功——仅此而已。“我可以说，‘他一直做得很不错，聪明又用功，他没问题的;这只是个小挫折，不是常态，” 博登讲道，然而，当忧虑者焦虑起来时，他们会“有意识地将注意力缩小到那些威胁性因素上，然后很快让自己不安起来。”

They practice mindfulness 学会专注

Because staying in the present is so fundamental to squashing worry, practicing mindfulness can help you to steer focus away from a hypothetical issue that could develop down the road. “It keeps you in the here and now and it helps you be more aware of your thoughts,” Purdon says.

因为活在当下对于消除忧虑是如此重要，学会专注能帮助你将注意力从假设性的问题上转移开来，从而不再继续往下想。“专注的力量能够让你留在此时此刻，也让你更能注意到自己的想法，” 博登博士讲道。

And therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy, can also help worriers stop the negative cycle, since they focus “on the idea of not wrestling and disconfirming the worries, but getting people to focus on their life and values and focus on

the present moment so they can make decisions,” Moser adds.

一些专业疗法，比如认知行为治疗和接受与投入疗法，也能帮助忧虑者阻止这种恶性循环，因为这些疗法的核心是“不去对抗和否定忧虑，而是引导人们专注于他们自己的生活和价值，以及当下的情境，以便做决定。” 莫泽博士讲道。

Their brains actually function differently in a worry-inducing event

忧虑来袭时，让大脑慢下来减压

Moser recently had a study come out in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, showing that the brains of worriers and non-worriers actually work differently in a stressful event. For the study, Moser and his colleagues had 71 female study participants answer surveys that indicated whether they were

generally

positive

thinkers

or

negative

thinkers/worriers. Then, the participants looked at negative images -- such as a woman having a knife held to her throat by a masked man -- as their brain activity was monitored and recorded.

莫泽近来在《变态心理学杂志》发表的一项研究表示，忧虑者和乐天派在面对紧急事件时，大脑的工作方式是不同的。为了这项研究，莫泽博士和他的同事找来了71位女士去回答调研问题，这些问题能够反映她们是普遍意义上的积极思考者还是消极忧虑者。之

后，参与者会被安排去看负面图片——比如一个女子被蒙面人用刀指着喉咙——与此同时参与者的大脑活动会被监测和记录下来。

Moser found that the brains of the positive thinkers were less active than those of the negative thinkers/worriers. In fact, “the worriers actually showed a paradoxical backfiring effect in their brains when asked to decrease their negative emotions,” he explained in a statement. “This suggests they have a really hard time putting a positive spin on difficult situations and actually make their negative emotions worse even when they are asked to think positively.”

莫泽发现积极思考者的大脑比消极忧虑者的活动量少。事实上，“忧虑者在被要求减少负面情绪的时候竟然产生了矛盾的逆反效应，”他在一项陈述中解释道。“这表明对忧虑者而言，在困难的情境下积极思考非常困难，在被要求去积极思考时，他们的负面情绪甚至更糟。”

They’re more willing to take chances 勇敢尝试

While worriers have a hard time making decisions -- they take a long time because they can become crippled by all the potential negative outcomes -- non-worriers are more willing to test out solutions to a problem even if a bad outcome is possible, Moser says. In that same vein, non-worriers are

also more flexible in the way they think about things, so they don’t get stuck in a negative thinking rut.

忧虑者通常很难做出决定——之所以花很多时间是因为所有可能的负面结果都能把他们击垮——乐天派则更愿意去尝试诸多解决方式，即使冒着失败的可能，莫泽讲道。如此一来，乐天派能更加灵活地思考问题，因而不会陷在负面的思维套路中。

They have a sense of perspective 置身事外，客观看待

Non-worriers are able to distance themselves from a situation in order to gain perspective. However, worriers can increase their perspective, Moser explains. One method for doing this is thinking of all the worst possible scenarios, and then evaluating how likely each of them is to really happen. For example: If a worrier is concerned about losing her job, she may jump to the worst-case scenario, which is that she will end up living under a bridge, homeless and alone. But Moser says that talking a worrier through a scenario like this helps her understand how unlikely that outcome is to happen.

乐天派能够在特定的情境中让自己置身事外从而可以去客观看待。其实，忧虑者也可以提高客观看待问题的能力，莫泽博士解释道。一种应对方式是去设想所有最糟糕的可能结果，然后评估每种结果真正发生的几率到底有多大。比如，如果一个忧虑者担心自己