摘要

万向传动装置一般由万向节和传动轴组成，有时还需加装中间支承。本设计主要研究中型货车变速器与驱动桥之间的万向传动装置。该设计是以万向传动装置的结构与工作原理为基础，采用有限元分析、理论研究与实际研究、定性与定量分析等方法计算出较为合理的万向节与传动轴结构。并用文字叙述与图表说明相结合的方法阐述了万向传动装置的构造及所选基本尺寸，然后计算了万向节的转矩，对十字轴上的力以及十字轴颈根部的弯曲应力和切应力进行强度校核，其中应用有限元分析的方法对中间传动轴进行应力分析，并绘制出了传动轴的受力云图。对十字轴滚针轴承进行接触应力和滚针所能承受的最大载荷的计算，以适合十字轴的使用；对万向节叉与十字轴连接支承时产生的作用反力，对其万向节叉承受弯曲和扭矩载荷进行校核，以达到使用强度。确保其在正常使用的情况下，拥有更长的使用寿命。

关键词：中型货车；万向传动装置；十字轴式万向节；伸缩花键

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Abstract

Universal transmission device is generally composed by universal and shaft, and sometimes it also needs to install middle supporting. This design mainly studies about the medium van’s transmission and the universal transmission between axles.It is based on universal transmission device structure and working principle, and calculates the universal shaft and the reasonable structure by finite element analysis, theoretical research , practical research, the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Use text and illustrations method combining describes the structure ,universal transmission device and selected basic dimensions. Then calculate the torque, and compare the bending stress and shear stress intensity of universal shaft and the roots of the neck. Use application of the finite element analysis method in stress analysis of intermediate shaft transmission and mapped the stress contours. The cross axis needle bearing on contact stress and needle roller can withstand the maximum load calculation for the use of spiders. Compare the cardan shaft supporting the role of the reverse force, cardan sustaining bending and torque load test, in order to achieve intensity. To ensure the service life be longer by normal use in the circumstances.

Key words: medium truck；universal driving device；cardan universal joint；slip join

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目录

绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 5 1 万向传动装置结构方案分析 ............................................................................... 6 1.1 中型货车主要参数选择 .................................................................................... 6 1.2 总体设计方案 .................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 传动轴管选择 ................................................................................................. 8 1.2.2 伸缩花键的选择 ............................................................................................. 8 1.2.3 万向节分析 ..................................................................................................... 9 1.2.4 中间支承结构分析与设计 ........................................................................... 10 2 万向节的分类 ..................................................................................................... 12 2.1 不等速万向节 .................................................................................................. 12 2.2 准等速万向节 .................................................................................................. 13 2.3 等速万向节 ...................................................................................................... 13 3 万向节的设计与强度校核 ................................................................................. 14 3.1 万向节结构与尺寸设计 .................................................................................. 14 3.1.1 基本构造与基本原理 ................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 确定十字轴尺寸 ........................................................................................... 14 3.1.3 十字轴万向节的传动效率 ........................................................................... 15 3.2 万向节强度校核 .............................................................................................. 15 3.2.1 十字轴万向节运动和受力分析 ................................................................... 15 3.2.2 十字轴万向节传动的附加弯矩和惯性力矩 ............................................... 16

3.2.3 十字轴万向节传动的弯曲应力与剪切应力 ............................................... 19 4 万向传动轴设计及强度校核 ............................................................................. 23 4.1 传动轴的临界转速 .......................................................................................... 23 4.2 传动轴长度选择 .............................................................................................. 26 4.3 传动轴管内外径确定 ...................................................................................... 26 4.4 传动轴扭转强度校核 ...................................................................................... 26 4.5 花键内外径确定 .............................................................................................. 27 4.6 花键挤压强度校核 .......................................................................................... 28 5 基于CATIA的有限元分析 ............................................................................... 29 5.1 设计零件模型 .................................................................................................. 29 5.2 生成静态分析 .................................................................................................. 29 6 技术与经济性分析 ............................................................................................. 31 结论 ......................................................................................................................... 32 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 33 致谢 ......................................................................................................................... 34

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