高三英语导学案

课题；基本句型 第3课时 总第3课时

编制人： 审批人： 编制日期：2014-3-13 使用日期： 学习目标：让学生掌握高中英语基本句型

预习效果检测：请选出与下面句子结构一致的选项。

a. 主-----系-----表 b. 主----动 c. 主-----动----宾 d. 主----动----间宾----直宾 e. 主----动-----宾-----补

1. The pain drove me mad. ( ) 2. Her explanation sounds crazy.( ) 3. She threw him a kiss. ( ) 4. Time flies. ( ) 5. The cat caught the little mouse. ( )

6. Many people consider the astronaut a great hero. ( )

7. He has grown very old. ( ) 8. Mike is healthy.( )

9. Architects design buildings. ( ) 10. She offered me some cake.( ) 答案：1. e 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. c 6. e 7. a 8. a 9. c 10. D

疑难点拨及拓展

英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

基本句型 一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词） 1. Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 3. The man cooked. 4. We all eat, and drink. 5. Everybody laughed? 6. I woke. 7. They talked for half an hour. 8. He walked yesterday 9.He is playing 10.They have gone 基本句型 二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）

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此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand Ｓ Ｖ（是系动词） Ｐ(表语) 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The dinner smells(闻) good. 3. He fell happy. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is tall and strong. 6. The book is interesting. 7. The weather became warmer. 8. His face turned red. 基本句型 四 Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 Ｓ Ｖ（及物） ｏ（多指人） Ｏ（多指物） 1. She passed him a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 8. He bought her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave him a hand. 7. I told me how to run the 4. He showed machine. that the bus was late. 基本句型 五 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） Ｃ（宾补） 1. We keep the table clean. 2. They painted the door green. 3. They call supper dinner. 4. They found the house dirty. 5. What makes him sad? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon.

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8. I saw them getting on the bus. 练习： 1.They work hard. 2.The flower is dead. 3.Plants need water.

4.He gives me some seeds.

5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 6.Many animals live in trees. 答案： 1，主谓 2 主系表 3 主谓宾 4 主谓 直宾 间宾 5 主谓 宾 宾补 6 主谓

补充：

除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：

We found the hall full. We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers，listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：

He's getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) You'll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)

在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily.

我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O M） I found the book easy.

我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）

I have to do something. 我得做点事。 I have something to do. 我有点事做。

课后练习：

5.Was it not until 1920___ regular radio broadcasts began? A.while B.which C.that D.since 6. ___the house Mr Zhang has been broken into? A.When was it that B.When has

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答案解析： C分析句子的成分(确实有点别扭)，其中Mr.Zhang has是一个定语从句，

先行词是the house(作从句的宾语，故而可以省略连接词that/which)，做的时候可以把它盖住不看，就变成了______the house been broken into? 选项A是一个强调句式结构It is/was...that，若用则后边应改为the house has been broken into。B是特殊疑问句，还原成陈述语序为The house has been broken into +时间状语，在完成时不应有点动词加时状这种结构。选D更没有理由，因为用过去完成时必须是和过去某时间作比较才有可能出现。故选C.Has D.Had

7.Did____ she was chosen make her very happy? A.what B.that C.which D.it

8.Was it at the air battle on June 8,1994,_____ was led by captain Johnson,________ Peter

lost his life?

A.when;that B.that;who C.which;that D.which;when 9.---Would you tell me ___you want your tea, with sugar or milk? ---Sugar, please.

A.whether B.when C.what D.how 10.At last the soldiers reached ____the locals called the Golden Triangle.

A.what B.which C.as D.one 11. “We’ll make public schools ____can be.”said the president in the speech.

A.what they B.what it C.that they D.all it 12.The art center is ___used to be a factory, ____ millions of tractors were made.

A.what, where B.where, where C.what, which D.where, which

13.The thought of going home to his family was all __kept him happy while he was working abroad . A.that B.what C.those D.which

14. I am ashamed, sir, that I wasted the many hours _____ I should have studied in class.

A. while B. as C. once D. when

15. Teachers should create an environment_____ children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves.

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