Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

19. What did Pen Hadow and his team do in the ArcticOcean?

A) They measured the depths of sea water.

B) They analyzed the water content.

C) They explored the ocean floor.

D) They investigated the ice.

【详解】D)。细节辨认题。讲座一开头就说，英国研究团队在北冰洋长途跋涉了三个月，测量并记录冰层状况。

20. What does the report say about the Arcticregion?

A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summertime.

B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the pastcenturies.

C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangeredspecies.

D) The ice decrease is more evident than previouslythought.

【详解】D)。细节推断题。讲座中说在过去几年时间里，卫星观察和海洋观察都能证明极地地区冰层的减少，而最近的测量进一步证明，冰层的减少程度比之前更加明显，原文中的pronounced与D）选项中的evident是同义转换。

21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in hisstudy?

A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's freshwater.

B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastalcities.

C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.

D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.

【详解】C)。细节辨认题。讲座中提到，PeterWadhams认为，冰层的减少是不可逆的。

22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?

A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.

B) There is no easy way to understand it.

C) It will advance nuclear technology.

D) There is no easy technological solution toit.

【详解】D)。细节辨认题。讲座结尾部分提到，Wadhams认为，对于气候变化来说，不可能轻易找到一种技术上的解决方案，原文中的fix与D）选项中的solution是同义转述。

Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his teamtrekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, takingmeasurements and recording observations about the ice.

“Well, we'd been led to believe that we would encounter agood proportion, of this older, thicker, technically multi-year icethat's been around for a few years and

just gets thicker andthicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice atall.”

Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the pastfew years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recentmeasurements show the loss is more pronounced than previouslythought.

“We're looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover onthe Arctic Ocean in 10 years, roughly 10 years, and 100 percentloss in nearly 20 years.”

Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams who's been measuring andmonitoring the Arctic since 1971 says the decline isirreversible.

“The more you lose, the more open water is created, themore warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the lessice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the followingsummer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends upaccelerating until it's all gone.”

Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for theenvironmental charity the World Wildlife Fund.

“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in theEarth's climate system and it's deteriorating faster than expected.Actually it has to translate into more urgency to deal with theclimate change problem and reduce emissions.”

Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsblamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagenclimate change summit in December.

“We have to basically achieve there the commitment to dealwith the problem now. That's the minimum. We have to do thatequitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”Wadhamsechoes the need for urgency.

“The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keepshaving a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut backrapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its waythrough into a response by the atmosphere. We can't switch offglobal warming just by being good in the future. We have to startbeing good now.”

Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climatechange. He and other scientists say there are basically two optionsto replacing fossil fuels, generating energy with renewables, orembracing nuclear power.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

23. What is the new study about?

A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have betterself-control.

B) The relation between children's self-control and theirfuture success.