2016年6月英语六级考试真题完整版
第一版（E-learning）
For thispart, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on E-learning, try toimagine what will happen when more andmore people study on-line instead ofgoing to school. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200words.
第一段: 写出现状.
第二段: 分析在线学习未来的图景并简单解释原因
第三段: 分析未来及自己的应对之策
Currently, an increasing numberofpeople begin to use Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge.Onlinelearning is booming all around the world. It is providingmany options withlearners in terms of time, locations, subjects andcosts.
Online learning greatlypromoteslearners’ studying efficiency and teachers’ productivity.As a result, updatedknowledge will reach those students in
isolatedareas at a higher speed, whichcan make many of them keep pace withthe time. Additionally, students candecide their learning locationand time much more freely. Notably, because transportationandaccommodation will not trouble E-learners, learning cost will belargelylowered. These advantages might decrease the number ofpeople who routinelyattend schoollearning.
From my point of view, personalinteractionbetween teachers and students in schools isirreplaceable. It is a good ideathat we combine E-learning andattending school together. Learning is not asimple multiple-choicequestion but an important issue that needs your tryingandinvolvement.
第二版（机器人）
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the use of robots. Try toimagine what will happen whenrobots take the place of human beings in industryas well aspeople’s daily lives. You are required to write at least 150wordsbut no more than 200 words.
第一段:引出文章话题.说明技术的发展对人类生活的改变.
第二段:针对此现象作出观点的阐述
第三段:得出结论.
It is held bysome people that knowledge is power,especially scientific and technologicalknowledge. Science andtechnology are the motive power of the socialdevelopment, whichconstitute a primary productive force. The use of robots istheproduce of development of science and technology.
People’s viewson the use of robots vary from person toperson. Some hold that human life cannotcontinue without the use ofrobots. For many years, human society has developedwith the use ofscience and technology. So the lifewith the use of robots we areliving now is more efficient than thatof our fore fathers. They
go on to pointout that the use of robotshas brought about many changes in people's life. Forexample,through the use of robots can improve the work efficiency andavoiddangerous events happening in our life in that we can requirerobots to do someworks with danger instead of humanbeings.
Science andtechnology of robots are the crystallization ofhuman wisdom. It brought aglorious past to humanity, also willbring bright future to mankind.
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on living in the virtualworld. Try to imagine what willhappen when people spend more and more time inthe virtual worldinstead of interacting in the real world. You are required towriteat least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
第三版（虚拟世界）
第一段:说明科技发展对人类生活的改变,引出话题.说明,我们交流方式的变化.
第二段:人们虚拟世界的交流给我们带来的影响.
第三段:得出结论.
We have to admit that the impactoftechnology on society is unquestionable. Whetherconsidering the TV or thecomputers, technology has had a hugeimpact on society. While not every advancehas been beneficial,there have been many positive effects of technology. Theinternet isone typical example.
With the development of science andtechnology, the worldis no longer what it used to be. But the ability ofcommunication isa significant skill which should be cultivated if we want tosurviveand succeed in the world. But the way of
communication with peoplehaschanged dramatically. Almost everyone today has a computer, anduses it tocommunicate with their friends, family, and evenbusiness. The virtual worldcommunication has changed the way thatpeople communicate.
Since communication between peoplein the real world is of utmost importance, lack of communicationwilllead to perish of human beings. Through communication in thereal world, mutualunderstanding can be promoted and fosteredbetween people, which cannot bereplaced by the virtualcommunication.
六级翻译
第一套
旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。
如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。
Qipao, an exquisite Chinese clothing, originates from China's Manchu Nationality. In the Qing Dynasty , it was a loose robe for the royal women. In the 1920s, inf
luenced by Western clothing, it went through many changes.For example,the cuffs went narrower, and the dress got shorter. These changes enabled Qipao to fully elaborate women’s beauty.
Nowadays, Qipao quite often appears on world-classfashionshows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women asthey attend socialparties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides willselect it as their wedding dress.Some influential
personalitieseven suggest making it as the national costumefor Chinesewomen.
第二套
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing foreign an
d domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models.
第三套
深圳市中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1000万，整个城市发生了巨大变化。到2014年，深圳的人均（pre-capita）GDP已达到25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。
Shenzhen is a newly developed city in Guangdong Province. Before reform and opening up, Shenzhen is simply a fishing village with just a little more than thirty thousand people. In the 1980s, the Chinese government selected it as a special economic zone, and it then served as a test field for the socialist market economy. Currently, Shenzhen’
s population is over 10 million, and the entire city has changed tremendously. By 2014, the per-capita GDP in Shenzhen has reached $25000, equivalent to that of some developed countries. In terms of overall economic strength, Shenzhen ranks among the top cities in China. Because of its unique status, Shenzhen is also the ideal place for Domestic and foreign entrepreneurs to start a business.
听力
2016.6六级（一）答案
Section A
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
1. What position does the woman hold in thecompany?
A) Project organizer.
B) Public relations officer.
C) Marketing manager.
D) Market research consultant.
【详解】D)。信息明示题。男士在对话开始，就问女士从事市场研究顾问这一工作有多长时间了，由此可以判定女士是一位市场研究顾问。
2. What does the woman specialize in at themoment?
A) Quantitative advertising research.
B) Questionnaire design.
C) Research methodology.
D) Interviewer training.
【详解】 A)。信息明示题。男士问女士对什么感兴趣，女士说目前她专攻定量广告研究。
3. What does the woman say about trackers?
A) They are intensive studies of people's spendinghabits.
B) They examine relations between producers andcustomers.
C) They look for new and effective ways to promoteproducts.
D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a longperiod.
【详解】D)。细节辨认题。女士提到她主要进行两种类型的项目，其中一种被称为trackers（追踪），这一项目主要针对趋势和客户长期的满意度进行调查。
4. What does the woman dislike about her job?
A) The lack of promotion opportunity.
B) Checking charts and tables.
C) Designing questionnaires.
D) The persistent intensity.
【详解】 B)。细节辨认题。在对话最后，男士问女士对自己的工作哪些方面比较喜欢，哪些方面不怎么喜欢，女士明确表示，她喜欢这项工作中的变化因素，而检查图表是她所不喜欢的。
M: So， how long have you been amarket research consultant?
W: Well, I started straight after finishinguniversity.
M: Did you study market research?
W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry,but I have to say that it's more important to get experience indifferent types of market research to find out exactly what you'reinterested in.
M: So what are you interested in?
W: Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitativeadvertising research, which means that I do two types of projects.Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends orcustomer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problemwith trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you dobuild up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple ofad hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.
M: What exactly do you mean by ad hoc jobs?
W: It's basically when companies need quick answers totheir questions about their consumers' habits. They just ask forone questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spendon an ad hoc project tends to be fairly short.
M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad hoc?
W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at thesame time to keep me from going crazy. I need thevariety.
M: Can you just explain what process you go through with anew client?
W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and theobjectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once theinterviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule andthen they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts andtables are ready, I have to check them and organize apresentation.
M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislikeabout your job?
W: As I said, variety is important and as for what I don'tlike, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
5. What does the woman want Frederick to talkabout?
A) His view on Canadian universities.
B) His understanding of higher education.
C) His suggestions for improvements in highereducation.
D) His complaint about bureaucracy in Americanuniversities.
【详解】 A)。细节推断题。女士确认男士是在加拿大上的大学后，想要询问男士对于加拿大的大学的观点。
6. What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadianuniversities?
A) It is well designed.
B) It is rather inflexible.
C) It varies among universities.
D) It has undergone great changes.
【详解】 B)。细节推断题。男士说在加拿大，所有的大学都是隶属于政府，因此大学课程设置是由教育部来完成，没有什么灵活的余地，也就是说大学课程并不灵活。
7. On what point do the speakers agree?
A) The United States and Canada can learn from eachother.
B) Public universities are often superior to privateuniversities.
C) Everyone should be given equal access to highereducation.
D) Private schools work more efficiently than publicinstitutions.
【详解】 C)。推理判断题。女士说在美国，只有富人的孩子才能进入最好的学校学习，这是美国教育实际存在的问题。男士表示赞同，认为这一问题的出现在于每个人所获得的教育机会是不平等的，换句话说，男士认为每个人应该有相同的机会接受高等教育。
8. What point does the man make at the end of theconversation?
A) University systems vary from country tocountry.
B) Efficiency is essential to universitymanagement.
C) It is hard to say which is better, a public universityor a private one.
D) Many private universities in the U.S. are actuallylarge bureaucracies.
【详解】 C)。推理判断题。男士在对话中描述了加拿大公立大学的问题，女士说在美国私立大学盛行，但也存在着各种问题，而在日本，公立大学与私立大学并存。在对话结尾，男士表示很难说哪一类——私立大学还是公立大学——更好。
W: Hello, I'm here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went touniversity in Canada?
M: Yeah, that's right.
W: OK, and you have very strong views about universitiesin Canada. Could you please explain?
M: Well, we don't have private universities in Canada.They're all public. All the universities are owned by thegovernment, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge ofcreating the curriculum for the universities and so there is notmuch room for flexibility. Since it's a government-operatedinstitution, things don't move very fast. If you want something tobe done, then their staff do not have so much
incentive to help youbecause he's a worker for the government. So I don't think it'svery efficient. However, there are certain advantages of publicuniversities, such as the fees being free. You don't have to payfor your education. But the system isn't efficient, and it does notwork that well.
W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States wehave many private universities, and I think they are largebureaucracies also. Maybe people don't act that much differently,because it's the same thing working for a private university. Theyget paid for their job. I don't know if they're that much moremotivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the UnitedStates that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools andit's kind of a problem actually.
M: I agree with you. I think it's a problem because you'renot giving equal access to education to everybody. It's not easy,but having only public universities also might not be the bestsolution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a systemof private and public universities. Now, in Japan, publicuniversities are considered to be the best.
W: Right. It's the exact opposite in the UnitedStates.
M: So, as you see, it's very hard to say which one isbetter.
W: Right, a good point.
Section B
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
9. What is the International Labour Organization reportmainly about?
A) Government's role in resolving an economiccrisis.
B) The worsening real wage situation around theworld.
C) Indications of economic recovery in the UnitedStates.
D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people'slife.
【详解】 B)。推理判断题。短文开头指出，国际劳工组织的报告中提到，全世界范围内的实际工资下降让人们对经济复苏的程度产生了怀疑，虽然经济指标显示经济有所好转，但工资很可能会不断下降。由此可知，国际劳工组织的报告主要是关于全世界范围内工资水平的下降。
10. According to an International Labour Organizationspecialist, how will employers feel if there are more peoplelooking for jobs?
A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees'wages.
B) They will feel free to choose the most suitableemployees.
C) They will feel inclined to expand their businessoperations.
D) They will feel more confident in competing with theirrivals.
【详解】 A)。细节推断题。根据国际劳工组织的专家意见，失业率高，更多的人需要寻找工作，那么雇主提高工资来吸引员工的压力就降低了。
11. What does the speaker mean by the work-sharingscheme?
A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through theeconomic crisis.
B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs forthe unemployed.
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoidlayoffs.
D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.
【详解】 C)。细节推断题。短文最后列举了有政府补贴的工作分享计划，依照这一计划，员工的工作时间会缩短，以此来挤出更多的工作岗位，从而避免下岗的发生。
A recent International Labour Organization report says thedeterioration of real wages around the world calls into questionthe true extent of an economic recovery, especially if governmentrescue packages are phased out too early.
The report warns the picture on wages is likely to getworse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound.Patrick Belser, an International Labour Organization specialist,says declining wage rates are linked to the levels ofunemployment.
“The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now seein some of the countries, strongly suggest that there will begreater pressure on wages in the future as more people will beunemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressureon employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So,
weexpect that the second part of the year will not be very good interms of wage growth.”
The report finds more than a quarter of the countriesexperienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. Theyinclude, the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa andGermany.
International Labour Organization economists say somenations have come up with polices to lessen the impact of lowerwages during the economic crisis. An example of these is worksharing with government subsidies. Under this scheme, the number ofindividual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs.For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidiesto compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
12. What question is frequently put to thespeaker?
A) Whether memory supplements work.
B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.
C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.
D) Whether a magic memory promises success.
【详解】 A)。细节辨认题。短文开头讲话者问到：是否有神奇的记忆药丸或是恢复记忆的中药？接着指出，他经常被问到的一个问题就是：这些记忆药物是否有效。
13. What does the speaker say about most memorysupplements?
A) They help the elderly more than the young.
B) They are beneficial in one way or another.
C) They generally do not have side effects.
D) They are not based on real science.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。讲话者在提到记忆类药物时说，服用者需要小心，因为这些药物不见得像宣传中所描述的那样真实有效，在大部分药物背后，并没有真正的科学依据。
14. What do we learn about memory supplements in easterncultures?
A) They are available at most country fairs.
B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.
C) They are collected or grown by farmers.
D) They are prescribed by trainedpractitioners.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。讲话者说在东方文化中，记忆类药物不能随便在药房里购买，这些药物是处方药，受过专门训练的执业医师可以给开一定剂量的药物。
15. What does the speaker say about memory supplements atthe end?
A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mentalexercise.
B) Taking them with other medications might entailunnecessary risks.
C) Their effect lasts only a short time.
D) Many have benefited from them.
【详解】 B)。细节推断题。讲话者最后指出，很多时候，人们都不知道自己行为的后果，有时，将药物混合服用，可能会产生本来不会出现的高风险。
Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recallremedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplementswork. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people whenthey ask me about these supplements is that a lot of them arepromoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn't need acure. What your memory needs is a good workout. So really thosesupplements aren't going to give you that perfect memory in the waythat they promise. The other thing is that a lotof these supplements aren't necessarily what they claim to be, andyou really have to be wary when you take any of them. The scienceisn't there behind most of them. They're not really well-regulatedunless they adhere to some industry standard. You don't really knowthat what they say is in there is in there. Whatyou must understand is that those supplements, especially in someeastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. Peopledon't just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements.In fact, they are prescribed and they're given at a certain level,a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who's
been trained.And that's not really the way they're used in this country. Theother thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so theydo have an impact. A lot of times people are notreally aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking themin combination with other medications might put you at an increasedrisk for something that you wouldn't otherwise be countering or beat risk for.
Section C
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
16. What is the talk mainly about?
A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be todeveloping nations.
B) How the World Meteorological Organization studiesnatural disasters.
C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of naturaldisasters.
D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can bereduced.
【详解】D)。主旨大意题。讲座开头提到，自然灾害造成的负面影响随处可见，后面又提到做好预警准备可以减少人员伤亡和财产损失，而古巴和孟加拉国在这方面的工作尤其出色。由此推断，本讲座主要围绕人类如何减少自然灾害所造成的影响展开。
17. How can we stop extreme events from turning intodisasters?
A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.
B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.
C) By changing people's views of nature.
D) By relocating people to safer places.
【详解】 B)。细节推断题。讲座中提到，只有在没有作好准备的情况下，极端事件才会发展成为巨大的灾难。因此要想避免极端事件发展成灾难就需要做好准备。
18. What does the example of Cuba serve toshow?
A) How preventive action can reduce the loss oflife.
B) How courageous Cubans are in face ofdisasters.
C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.
D) How destructive tropical storms can be.
【详解】 A)。细节推断题。讲座中提到，以前热带风暴会夺去古巴不是几百人的生命，就是好几十人的生命。但是古巴的预警系统扭转了趋势。2008年，在连续五场飓风的袭击下，只有七人丧生。这充分说明预先准备可以减少自然灾害所造成的人员伤亡。
The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seeneverywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed thedestructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in thePhilippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa andneighboring islands.
A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology ofDisasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 naturaldisasters killed more than two million people. These catastrophicevents caused more than $1.5 trillion in economiclosses.
U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the badnews. “Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by afactor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life hasdecreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better atwarning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events,however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they neednot be disasters.”
Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster RiskReduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most ofthe deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, orwater-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms,strong tropical winds and wildfires.
He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters onlywhen people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies arewell-known. From a planning perspective, it's pretty simple. Buildbetter buildings. Don't build where the hazards will destroy them.From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go rightdown to the community level. Build community actionplans.”
The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba andBangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reducedthe loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventiveaction.
It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if nothundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of anearly-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hitby five successive hurricanes, but only seven people werekilled.
Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Majorstorm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a supertropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
19. What dose President Obama hope the banks willdo?
A) Pay back their loans to the Americangovernment.
B) Provide loans to those in severe financialdifficulty.
C) Contribute more to the goal of a widerrecovery.
D) Speed up their recovery from the housingbubble.
【详解】 C)。细节推断题。讲座中提到，奥巴马总统说在经济困难时，美国政府和纳税人帮助了银行，现在银行应该对这种帮助有所回报，奥巴马总统是希望银行能够对经济在更大范围内的复苏作出贡献，承担责任。
20. What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about thefinancial situation in the future?
A) Some banks may have to merge with others.
B) Many smaller regional banks are going tofail.
C) It will be hard for banks to provide moreloans.
D) Many banks will have to lay off someemployees.
【详解】 B)。细节辨认题。讲座中提到，经济学家MartinNeilBaily预测，2010年，规模较小的地区性银行将会面临高破产率。
21. What does U.S. Bancorp chief Richard Davis say aboutits future operation?
A) It will work closely with the government.
B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.
C) It will try to lower the interest rate.
D) It will try to provide more loans.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。美国合众银行总裁RichardDavis对此境遇的态度比专家乐观，他认为贷款就像发动引擎的煤一样，他们会尽可能多地发放贷款。
22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulusto the economy?
A) It won't help the American economy to turnaround.
B) It won't do any good to the major commercialbanks.
C) It will win the approval of the Obamaadministration.
D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrinkagain.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。讲座临近末尾时，提到了Baily的态度，他认为，如果经济再次低迷，二度刺激是十分必要的。
As U.S. banks recovered with the help of the Americangovernment and the American taxpayer, President Obama held meetingswith top bank executives, telling them it's time to return thefavor. “The way I see it—our banks now have a greater obligation tothe goal of a wider recovery,” he said. But the President may begiving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a freefall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Bailysaid. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world'slargest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housingbubble exposed investments in risky loans.
Although he says the worst is over, Baily says the bankingcrisis is not. More than 130 U.S. banks failed in 2009. He predictshigh failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 asCommercial Real Estate loans come due. “So there may actually be aworsening of credit availability to small- and medium-sizedbusinesses in the next year or so.”
Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment,which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But U.S.Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situationdifferently.
“We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be. With that in mind, we're putting in everything wecan. Lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make moreloans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not putourselves at risk.”
While some economists predict continued recovery in thefuture, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely tomake the same mistakes twice. “You know, forecasting's become avery hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much.I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but it'scertainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the nextyear or two.”
If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it wouldmake a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obamaadministration hopes will not be necessary.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom ofcognitive decline in older adults?
A) Being unable to learn new things.
B) Being rather slow to make changes.
C) Losing temper more and more often.
D) Losing the ability to get on with others.
【详解】 A)。事实细节题。讲座中明确指出，认知能力下降是指学习新技能的能力下降或者记忆单词、名字以及熟悉的面孔的能力衰退。
24. According to James Burke, what does seem to helpreduce cognitive decline?
A) Cognitive stimulation.
B) Community activity.
C) Balanced diet.
D) Fresh air.
【详解】 A)。细节辨认题。JamesBurke表示，通过观察性研究发现，B族维生素、锻炼、饮食和认知刺激都对认知衰退有所抑制。需要特别注意的是，讲座中虽然提到了diet，但这与选项中的Balanceddiet不是完全相同的概念，不要混淆。
25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidenceof cognitive decline?
A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.
B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towardslife.
C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.
D) Seeking advice from doctors from time totime.
【详解】 C)。细节推断题。JamesBurke明确提到，不管是从医学角度、营养角度还是认知角度，采纳健康的生活方式都是十分有益的，换句话说，他认为人们应该放弃不健康的生活方式。
A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidencethat lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in olderadults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes inhow we live and what we eat as we age.
Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn newskills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as weage. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect ofsmoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and otherstrategies.
Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that anyof these approaches can make a big difference.
Co-author James Burke helped design the study. “In theobservational studies we found that some of the B vitamins werebeneficial. Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed somepositive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that wecould actually consider these firmly established.”
Some previous studies have suggested that challenging yourbrain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burkesays that actually does seem to help, based on randomizedstudies—the researcher's gold standard.
“Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we didfind some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individualuses is not as important as being intellectuallyengaged.”
The expert review also found insufficient evidence torecommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent orslow cognitive decline.
However, given that there is at least some evidence forpositive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus otherbenefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke waswilling to offer some recommendations.
“I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle,both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitivestimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitivedecline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact,important.”
James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of astudy reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paperis published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.
2016.6六级（二）答案
Section A
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
1. What seems to have been very successful according tothe woman speaker?
A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.
B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.
C) The man's switch to a new career.
D) The restructuring of her company.
【详解】A)。事实细节题。对话开头，女士就问男士是否在CucinTech公司里负责革新项目，男士回答是的，紧接着女士就向男士表示祝贺，并说这个项目似乎一直很成功，因此答案为A)。
2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme wasimplemented?
A) Talented personnel.
B) Strategic innovation.
C) Competitive products.
D) Effective promotion.
【详解】B)。推理判断题。女士问男士CucinTech公司的崛起是否都归功于战略革新，男士表示他是这样认为的，并进一步解释说，在此之前，该公司与其他公司相比，并无出奇之处，逐渐被落在了后面，公司里不缺人才，产品开发也不错，而缺乏战略革新才是此前公司的劣势所在。
3. What does the man say he should do in hisbusiness?
A) Expand the market.
B) Recruit more talents.
C) Innovate constantly.
D) Watch out for his competitors.
【详解】C)。细节辨认题。当被问到该项目的核心是否是革新时，男士表示这毫无疑问，想要跟上不断变化的世界，公司必须不断革新，一成不变，就会被淘汰。
4. What does the man say is the risk ofinnovation?
A) Possible bankruptcy.
B) Unforeseen difficulties.
C) Conflicts within the company.
D) Imitation by one's competitors.
【详解】D)。事实细节题。男士在讲到革新的风险时，说只要有革新，就会出现被人模仿的风险。
W: So, Mike, you manage the innovation project atCucinTech.
M: I did indeed.
W: Well, then, first, congratulations. It seems to havebeen very successful.
M: Thanks. Yes, I really help things turn around atCucinTech.
W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due tostrategic innovation?
M: Yes, yes, I think it was. CucinTech was a company whowere very much following the pack, doing what everyone else wasdoing and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lotof talent there, and some great potential, particularly in theirproduct development. I just had to harness that somehow.
W: Was innovation at the core of the project?
M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much ofCliché, our world is
constantly changing and it's changing quickly.We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Standstill and you are lost.
W: No stopping to sniff the roses?
M: Well, I'll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as abusiness strategy, I'm afraid there is no stopping.
M: What exactly is strategic innovation then?
W: Strategic innovation is the process of managinginnovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of thecompany, and that is related to the company's overallstrategy.
W: I see.
M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and newproducts being created simply because the technology is there, thecompany culture must switch from these pointing-time innovations tocontinuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere andeveryone.
W: How did you align strategies throughout thecompany?
M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. Peopletake no notice. Simply it came about through good practicetrickling down. This built consent. People could see it was thebest way to work.
W: Does innovation on the skill really give a competitiveadvantage?
M: I am certain of it, absolutely, especially if it'sdifficult for a competitor to copy. The risk is of course thatinnovation may frequently lead to imitation.
W: But not if it's strategic?
M: Precisely.
W: Thanks for talking to us.
M: Sure.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A) The job of an interpreter.
B) The stress felt by professionals.
C) The importance of language proficiency.
D) The best way to effective communication.
【详解】A)。主旨大意题。对话开头，男士介绍说女士是有着二十年工作经验的一位口译译员，接下来，两人谈论了口译的资格与培训、同声传译与交替传译的区别以及女士对于口译工作的一些感受，因此可以判定，对话主题围绕口译工作展开。
6. What does the man think of Dayna'sprofession?
A) Promising.
B) Admirable.
C) Rewarding.
D) Meaningful.
【详解】B)。观点态度题。男士说他在当记者时，与口译工作者一同共过事，他认为口译者十分值得钦佩。
7. What does Dayna say about the interpreters sheknows?
A) They all have a strong interest in language.
B) They all have professional qualifications.
C) They have all passed language proficiencytests.
D) They have all studied cross-culturaldifferences.
【详解】B)。细节推断题。男士说很多人认为只要会讲外语，就能做口译，但是女士说，她所认识的所有译者都有资质，受过培训，并且只有经过多年的工作磨炼，才能真正做到熟练翻译。
8. What do most interpreters think of consecutiveinterpreting?
A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.
B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.
C) It is more stressful than simultaneousinterpreting.
D) It puts one's long-term memory under morestress.
【详解】C)。细节推断题。当男士表示同声传译似乎更难时，女士表示了不同看法，她说从事翻译工作的人员中，大多数人都认为交替传译更难，并进一步解释了为什么他们会有这种看法。
M: Today, my guest is Dayna Ivanovich who has worked forthe last twenty years as an interpreter. Dayna, welcome.
W: Thank you.
M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have onoccasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent. SoI am full of admiration for what you do, but I
think yourprofession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyonewho speaks more than one language can do it.
W: There aren't any interpreters I know who don't haveprofessional
qualifications and training. You only really getproficient after many years in the job.
M: I may be right in saying you can divide what you dointo two distinct methods—simultaneous and consecutiveinterpreting.
W: That's right. The techniques you use are different, anda lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, lessstressful.
M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words intoanother language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like themore difficult.
W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business wouldagree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You haveto wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language beforeyou then put it into the second language, which puts yourshort-term memory under intense stress.
M: You make notes, I presume.
W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places haveto be noted down. But the rest is never translated word for word.You have to find a way of summarizing it, so that the message isthere. Turning every single word into the target language would puttoo much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole processtoo much.
M: But, with simultaneous interpreting, you starttranslating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking. Youmust have some preparation beforehand.
W: Well, hopefully the speakers will let you have anoutline of the topic a day or two in advance. You havea little time to do research, prepare technical express-ions and soon.
Section B
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
9. What is the long-held view about mother sleeping withnewborn babies?
A) It might affect mothers' health.
B) It might disturb infants' sleep.
C) It might increase the risk of infants'death.
D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.
【详解】C)。细节辨认题。短文开头就提出，多年以来，母亲们就受到警告，和新生婴儿同睡一张床会增加婴儿夜间意外猝死的风险。
10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder timefalling asleep.
B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little moresleep each night.
C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect theirnewborn babies' health.
D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negativeimpact on mothers.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。短文中明确指出，根据以色列的研究，只要与婴儿在同一间屋内休息，不论是不是同睡一张床，都会对母亲的睡眠产生负面影响。
11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendmothers do?
A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newbornbabies'.
B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as theirbabies.
C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room astheir babies.
D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infantdeath syndrome.
【详解】B)。事实细节题。短文结尾部分提到，美国儿科学会建议母亲不要与婴儿睡在同一张床上，但是要睡在同一个房间。
Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping withtheir newborn infant is a bad idea because it increases the riskthat the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But nowIsraeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the sameroom can have negative consequences: not for the child, but for themother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants,whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleepthan mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house: They wokeup more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer pernight, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. Theseresults held
true even taking into account that many of the womenin the study were
breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on theother hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept inthe same or different room from their mothers. The researchersacknowledge that since the families they studied were allmiddle-class Israelis, it's possible the results would be differentin different cultures. Lead author Liat Tikotzky wrote in an emailthat the research team also didn't measure fathers' sleep, so it'spossible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the
sleepdisruptions for moms. Right now, to reduce the risk of suddeninfant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatricsrecommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babiesbut sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doingso may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mom.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you havejust heard.
12. What do we learn from the report?
A) A lot of native languages have already died out in theUS.
B) The US ranks first in the number of endangeredlanguages.
C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have provedfruitless.
D) More money is needed to record the native languages inthe US.
【详解】A)。主旨大意题。短文开头即点明，在美国，已经有三分之一的本土语言消亡了，而残存的192种本土语言也已经被联合国教科文组织列入“危险”或“濒危”行列。
13. For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for morefunding?
A) To set up more language schools.
B) To document endangered languages.
C) To educate native American children.
D) To revitalise America's native languages.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。美国印第安人博物馆的FredNahwooksy说，需要更多的钱，来让这些濒危语言重新成为人们的日常语言，也就是说，需要更多的钱来让这些语言重新
恢复
活力。
14. What is the historical cause of the decline inAmerican Indian languages?
A) The US government's policy of Americanising Indianchildren.
B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain anofficial status.
C) Thy US government's unwillingness to spend moneyeducating Indians.
D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from theoutside world.
【详解】A)。事实细节题。短文中明确指出，美国印第安语消亡有其historicalroots（历史根源），19世纪的时候美国政府对印第安人推行了一个政策，从孩童时期开始，对印第安人进行“美国化”，使他们远离自己的语言和文化。
15. What does the speaker say about television?
A) It is being utilised to teach nativelanguages.
B) It tells traditional stories during familytime.
C) It speeds up the extinction of nativelanguages.
D) It is widely used in language immersionschools.
【详解】C)。细节辨认题。短文最后说濒危语言面临的另一个挑战是电视，它把英语带进了千家万户，剥夺了家人之间讲故事和聊天的时间，加速了美国本土语言的消亡。
The US has already lost more than a third of the nativelanguages that existed before European colonization, and theremaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between “unsafe” and“extinct”. “We need more funding and more effortto return these languages to everyday use,” says Fred Nahwooksy ofthe National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progressbut money needs to be spent on revitalising languages, not justdocumenting them.” Some 40 languages, mainly in California andOklahoma, where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the19th Century, have fewer than 10 native speakers. “Part of theissue is that tribal groups themselves don't always believe theirlanguages are endangered until they're down to the last handful ofspeakers. But progress is being
made through immersion schools,because if you teach children when they're young it will stay withthem as adults and that's the future,” says Mr. Nahwooksy, aComanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii. Butthe islanders' local language is still classed by UNESCO as“critically endangered” because only 1,000 people speak it. Thedecline in American Indian languages has historical roots: In themid-19th Century, the US government adopted a policy ofAmericanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes andculture. Within a few generations most had forgotten their nativetongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. Ithas brought English into homes and pushed out traditionalstory-telling and family time together, accelerating the extinctionof native languages.
Section C
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
16. How does unemployment insurance help theunemployed?
A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages whilethey look for work.
B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expensesfor 99 weeks.
C) It pays their living expenses until they findemployment again.
D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everydaylife.
【详解】A)。细节辨认题。讲座中明确指出，人们失业时可以获得失业保险，在寻找工作期间，可以拿到相当于最后一份工资的50%的收入。
17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the BucksCounty CareerLink doing?
A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployedworkers.
B) Providing training and guidance for unemployedworkers.
C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemploymentbenefits.
D) Raising funds to help those having no unemploymentinsurance.
【详解】B)。细节辨认题。讲座中明确指出，巴克士郡的CareerLink为失业工人提供培训和指导，帮助他们寻找就业机会。
18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative ScottPetri say is the best way to help the long-termunemployed?
A) To offer them loans they need to start their ownbusinesses.
B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgagepayments.
C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investmentsin local companies.
D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers withgovernment subsidies.
【详解】C)。细节推断题。讲座中提到，宾夕法尼亚州代表ScottPetri认为，帮助长期失业者的最好的办法就是让普通公民投资当地公司，以此创造出更多的就业机会。
Greg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly threeyears ago and is still unemployed.“It literally is like somethingin a dream, to remember what it's like to actually be able to goout, and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay.”
At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house paymentswith the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid off workersup to half of their previous wages while they look for work. Butnow, that insurance has run out for him, and he has to make toughchoices. He's cut back on medications and he no longer helpssupport his disabled mother.
It is a devastating experience. New research says the U.S.recession is now over, but many people remain unemployed. Andunemployed workers face difficult odds.
There is literally only one job opening for every fiveunemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers haveactually no chance of finding a new job.
Businesses have downsized or shut down across America,leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work.Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County,Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many ofthem are jobless due to no fault of their own.
That's where the Bucks County CareerLink comes in. Localdirector Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance tohelp unemployed workers find local job opportunities.
“So here's the job opening, here's the job seeker, matchthem together under one roof,” she says.
But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limitshow much she can help.
Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action. This monthhe launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of 18Internet-based grass roots groups of 99ers. Their goal is toconvince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.
But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri saysgovernments simply do not have enough money to extend unemploymentinsurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployedis to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that cancreate more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed forthe plan to work will take time—time that Rosen says still requireshim to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.
Rosen says he'll use the last of his savings to try tohang onto the home he worked for more than 20 years to buy. Butonce that money is gone, he says he doesn't know what he'lldo.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
19. What did Pen Hadow and his team do in the ArcticOcean?
A) They measured the depths of sea water.
B) They analyzed the water content.
C) They explored the ocean floor.
D) They investigated the ice.
【详解】D)。细节辨认题。讲座一开头就说，英国研究团队在北冰洋长途跋涉了三个月，测量并记录冰层状况。
20. What does the report say about the Arcticregion?
A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summertime.
B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the pastcenturies.
C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangeredspecies.
D) The ice decrease is more evident than previouslythought.
【详解】D)。细节推断题。讲座中说在过去几年时间里，卫星观察和海洋观察都能证明极地地区冰层的减少，而最近的测量进一步证明，冰层的减少程度比之前更加明显，原文中的pronounced与D）选项中的evident是同义转换。
21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in hisstudy?
A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's freshwater.
B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastalcities.
C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.
D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.
【详解】C)。细节辨认题。讲座中提到，PeterWadhams认为，冰层的减少是不可逆的。
22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?
A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.
B) There is no easy way to understand it.
C) It will advance nuclear technology.
D) There is no easy technological solution toit.
【详解】D)。细节辨认题。讲座结尾部分提到，Wadhams认为，对于气候变化来说，不可能轻易找到一种技术上的解决方案，原文中的fix与D）选项中的solution是同义转述。
Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his teamtrekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, takingmeasurements and recording observations about the ice.
“Well, we'd been led to believe that we would encounter agood proportion, of this older, thicker, technically multi-year icethat's been around for a few years and
just gets thicker andthicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice atall.”
Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the pastfew years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recentmeasurements show the loss is more pronounced than previouslythought.
“We're looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover onthe Arctic Ocean in 10 years, roughly 10 years, and 100 percentloss in nearly 20 years.”
Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams who's been measuring andmonitoring the Arctic since 1971 says the decline isirreversible.
“The more you lose, the more open water is created, themore warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the lessice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the followingsummer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends upaccelerating until it's all gone.”
Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for theenvironmental charity the World Wildlife Fund.
“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in theEarth's climate system and it's deteriorating faster than expected.Actually it has to translate into more urgency to deal with theclimate change problem and reduce emissions.”
Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissionsblamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagenclimate change summit in December.
“We have to basically achieve there the commitment to dealwith the problem now. That's the minimum. We have to do thatequitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”Wadhamsechoes the need for urgency.
“The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keepshaving a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut backrapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its waythrough into a response by the atmosphere. We can't switch offglobal warming just by being good in the future. We have to startbeing good now.”
Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climatechange. He and other scientists say there are basically two optionsto replacing fossil fuels, generating energy with renewables, orembracing nuclear power.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
23. What is the new study about?
A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have betterself-control.
B) The relation between children's self-control and theirfuture success.
C) The health problems of children raised by a singleparent.
D) The deciding factor in children's academicperformance.
【详解】B)。推理判断题。讲座开头提到，一项最新研究发现，自制力弱的孩子成年后在健康、金钱和遵纪守法方面的表现都会比较差一些，接下来，讲座主要讲了孩子的自制力与未来成功的关系。
24. What does the study seem to show?
A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard timein their thirties.
B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from singleparent families.
C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front oftheir children.
D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage fortheir children.
【详解】D)。推理判断题。讲座中提到，研究中发现，自制力弱的孩子很有可能来自单亲家庭，家长健康状况不佳，吸毒现象严重，这种氛围对孩子的影响非常糟糕。上一代缺乏自控也会对下一代造成负面影响。
25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from theirstudy?
A) Self-control can be improved througheducation.
B) Self-control can improve one's financialsituation.
C) Self-control problems may be detected early inchildren.
D) Self-control problems will diminish as one growsup.
【详解】A)。细节推断题。讲座临近结束时提到了关于自制力的一个好消息，那就是自制力是可以通过教育来提升的，家长、学校都可以教导孩子以提高他们的自制力。
From a very early age, some children exhibit betterself-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's lowself-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even acriminal record in their adult years. Researchers have beenstudying this group of children for decades now. Some of theirearliest observations have to do with the level of self-control theyoungsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves,score the youngsters on measures like “acting before thinking” and“persistence in reaching goals”. The children of the study are nowadults in their thirties. Terry Moffitt of Duke University and herresearch colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tendedto grow up to become adults with far more troubling set of issuesto deal with.
“The children who had the lowest self-control when theywere aged 3 to 10, later on had the most health problems in theirthirties and they had the worst financial situation and they weremore likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child asa single parent on a very low income.”
Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explainedthat self-control problems were widely observed and weren't just afeature of a small group of misbehaving kids.