2.根据搭配确定词义 Have

Have many English books have a cup of tea Have a bad cold have lunch Have a good time have a hat on

Have a bath She has only little French.

Will you have a cigarette? Will you have a dance with me? She’s had four letters from her friend in Tibet. Have a good dream.

He is rather short and skinny, has a thin moustache and even thinner hair on his head.

He speaks with a very thin voice, so inaudible that it is hard to tell if he is speaking at all.

3. 根据使用领域确定词义

I will do everything within my power to assist you. China has a few nuclear weapons, but it will never join the so-called club of nuclear powers. The cell must be examined under a 20-power microscope.

二、词义的引申 1．根据搭配引申

Survive: continue to live or exist He survived the trouble.

Very few of these old coins survived.

The country survived the external pressures.

Here desperate workers defy both police and poisonous snakes to ferry loads of cotton across the frontier in the hope of winning a higher price.

I strained my eyes trying to distinguish between the bird’s thin legs and the twig that was of the same color.

2. 根据词语的语境

The saplings can withstand droughty winds and survive under the scorching rays of the sun.

She believes that their thinking has survived the centuries because of its vitality and suitability.

When Miss Maddox got close enough to greet us, the long-term neglect of her teeth showed.

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In time, two of my brothers joined Dad there, following in the family footsteps.

During the Brussels conference even the World Bank suggested that the problem lie on both sides of the wealth divide.

We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where everyone can have equal opportunity.

3. 根据词语的感情色彩确定词语的褒贬 words Death Result positive neutral Negative Ambition

stubborn

He is a stubborn child who won’t obey his mother.

The defenders put up stubborn resistance.

incite

He incited the soldiers to fight bravely.

He was charged with inciting people to violence.

endless

The revolution has inspired a seemingly endless stream of new and exciting electronic products that we can’t live without.

The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is a most incredible and unending effort.

not forget oneself

We hope Mr. White will not forget himself. Gone are the days when a representative of a big power in the U.N. may do what ever he likes.

We hope that our respected secretary-General will not forget himself. His poor health is known to all.

4. 根据词语的轻重确定词语的引申 words 轻 重 - 14 -

congratulate destroy Look down upon

修改译文：

He told his hearers that if the people were attacked by the policemen, the consequences must fall on the aggressors.

他对听众说，如果人民受到警察的袭击，其后果一定会落在侵略者身上。

5. 根据词语的文体色彩 words poor tired informal neutral formal young man

wife:

potato:

My beloved father has joined the heavenly choir. My dear parents have passed away. My parents died. My old man has kicked the bucket.

词义的选择练习一： 1. 词义的选择和引申

1）Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years.

2）The light in the room is poor.

3）China will be one of the largest economies in the world within 20 years.

4）The famous writer is surveying his work for the finishing touch.

5）He is a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record.

6）The oil provides some cooling effect. 7）This afternoon’s ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched one.

8）When they sang, sound wave began to travel and went in all directions.

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9）If you dislike the cold weather in winter, you can visit Kunming, the ―Spring City‖ which is spared temperature extremes.

10）A new dignity crept into his walk.

2. 词义的褒贬

The president spoke highly of those who had died for their country.

He is always ambitious for his son.

At that time it seemed that there was no one watching out for Hitler’s ambition.

The vocational college has a good reputation for exam results.

During the Second World War the aggressive Japanese soldiers won themselves a savage reputation.

3. 语篇翻译

Can You Benefit from a Breakup?

Have you found yourself thinking, 'I don't think I can go through this again\Fear not. Breakups are a part of our evolution, and frankly, the only way to escape it is to lock yourself up in a room with no windows. Here, family court judge Michele Lowrance shows you can not only survive, but thrive, from your next split.

Whether it's divorce, a temporary separation, or the falling out of a friendship, the breakup of a relationship is always tough on one's psyche. But, there are ways to get through it.

词义的选择练习二：

1. The thought that one day they might return to their native country has never deserted them. 2. One teacher writes that instead of drowning his student’s composition in critical red ink, the

teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.

3. While in staying Japan, Sun Yat-sen midwifed some revolutionary groups for the overthrow of

Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) and the rebirth of the Chinese nation, his lifetime cause.

4. I have risen from nothing to everything, but Mrs. Sparsit, with all her advantages, has fallen

from everything to nothing.

5. … the reader’s hair stand on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine,

a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.

6. … and I had not known you a month before I felt that you were, the last man in the world

whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry. 7. The evil which they did lives after them.

8. It might be tempting to dismiss Shakespeare’s reputation as a bit oversold, were it not for

some pretty impressive facts. Shakespeare is the most wildly-read author in history, having been translated into more than 100 languages. His plays are also the most filmed in history,

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