·Ö×ÓÄÚº¬¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü¡£
¢ÚNH3·Ö×ÓÖÐNΪsp3ÔÓ»¯¡£NH3·Ö×ÓºÍH2O·Ö×Ó¶¼ÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬NH3·Ö×ÓºÍH2O·Ö×Ó¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬NH3ÔÚH2OÖеÄÈܽâ¶È´ó¡£ £¨3£©´Óµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔÉÏ·ÖÎö¡£
£¨4£©Óá°¾ù̯·¨¡±È·¶¨¾§°ûÖÐ΢Á£µÄ¸öÊý£¬ÓÉ1mol¾§ÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍÃܶȼÆËã1mol¾§ÌåµÄÌå»ý£¬ÓÉ1mol¾§ÌåµÄÌå»ýºÍ¾§°ûÖÐ΢Á£µÄ¸öÊý¡¢NA¼ÆËã¾§°ûµÄÌå»ý£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆËã¾§°û²ÎÊý¡£ Ïê½â£º£¨1£©ZnÔ×ÓºËÍâÓÐ30¸öµç×Ó£¬¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔÀí£¬»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2£¬»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵļ۵ç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d104s2¡£CuÔ×ÓºËÍâÓÐ29¸öµç×Ó£¬
22626101
»ù̬CuÔ×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s2s2p3s3p3d4s£¬4sÉÏÓÐ1¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬¼´»ù̬Cu
Ô×ÓÓÐ1¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó¡£
£¨2£©¢ÙSO42-ÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓSÉϵŵç×Ó¶ÔÊý=
£¨6+2-4
2£©=0£¬³É¼üµç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ4£¬¼Û²ã
2-
µç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ0+4=4£¬VSEPRÄ£ÐÍΪÕýËÄÃæÌåÐÍ£¬SÉÏûÓйµç×Ó¶Ô£¬SO4µÄÁ¢Ìå¹¹ÐÍΪÕý
2+2+
ËÄÃæÌå¡£[Zn£¨NH3£©4]ÖÐZnÓëNH3·Ö×Ó¼äΪÅäλ¼ü£¬NH3·Ö×ÓÄÚº¬¼«ÐÔ¹²¼Û¼ü¡£
¢ÚNH3·Ö×ÓÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓNµÄ¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊý=
£¨5-3
1£©+3=4£¬NÔ×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp3ÔÓ»¯¡£NH3
·Ö×ÓºÍH2O·Ö×Ó¶¼ÊǼ«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬¸ù¾Ý¡°ÏàËÆÏàÈÜ¡±£»NH3·Ö×ÓºÍH2O·Ö×Ó¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬ËùÒÔNH3ÔÚH2OÖеÄÈܽâ¶È´ó¡£
£¨3£©»ù̬CuÔ×ӵļ۵ç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d104s1£¬»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵļ۵ç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d104s2£¬Cu
101
µÄµÚ¶þµçÀëÄÜʧȥµÄÊÇÈ«³äÂúµÄ3dµç×Ó£¬ZnµÄµÚ¶þµçÀëÄÜʧȥµÄÊÇ4sµç×Ó£¬ËùÒÔ
I2CuI2Zn¡£
+1=2cm3£¬1¸ö
£¨4£©Óɾ§°û¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öO2-µÄÅäλÊýΪ4¡£Óá°¾ù̯·¨¡±£¬1¸ö¾§°ûÖк¬O2-£º8
+3
¸ö£¬Cu£º4¸ö£¬1molCu2OµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª144g£¬1mol¾§ÌåµÄÌå»ýΪ144gdg/cm=
¾§°ûµÄÌå»ýΪ
cm3
NA2=
cm3£¬¾§°û²ÎÊýa=
cm=
107nm¡£
12. ½ð¸ÕÍé(¢ñ)¡¢ÒÒ¶þÈ©¡¢±û¶þÈ©¾ùÊÇ»¯¹¤ÔÁÏ£¬Ä³Ð¡×éÉè¼ÆµÄºÏ³É·ÏßÈçÏ£º
ÒÑÖª£º ¢Ù2R-Br+2Na
R-R+2NaBr
¢ÚBµÄºË´Å¹²ÕñÇâÆ×Ö»ÓÐ1¸öÎüÊÕ·å ¢Û
¢Ü
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
(1)AµÄ»¯Ñ§Ãû³ÆÎª_____________£» DµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ__________________£»IµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪ__________________¡£
(2)B¡úCµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ_________________£»E¡úFµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ_______________¡£¸Ã·´Ó¦ÀàÐÍΪ________________¡£
(3)GµÄ·¼Ïã×åͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÖУ¬±½»·ÉϵÄÈ¡´ú»ùÊýĿСÓÚ3ÇÒÄÜʹäåµÄËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÈÜÒºÍÊÉ«µÄ¹²ÓÐ_______ÖÖ(²»º¬Á¢ÌåÒì¹¹)£»ÆäÖк˴ʲÕñÇâÆ×ÓÐ5×é·å£¬ÇÒ·åÃæ»ý±ÈΪ6£º2£º2£º1£º1µÄÊÇ_________________(д½á¹¹¼òʽ)¡£
(4)д³öÓû·Îì¶þÏ©ºÍÒÒϩΪÔÁÏÖÆ±¸»¯ºÏÎïµÄºÏ³É·Ïß____________(ÆäËûÊÔ
¼ÁÈÎÑ¡)¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ (1). 1£¬5-¶þäåÎìÍé (2).
(3). C10H16 (4).
(5).
(6). ÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦ (7). 20 (8).
(9).
¡¾½âÎö¡¿·ÖÎö£ºAµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H10Br2£¬AΪ±¥ºÍ¶þäå´úÌþ£¬AÓëNa·¢ÉúÌâ¸øÒÑÖª¢ÙµÄ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉB£¬BÓëCl2¹âÕÕ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉC£¬CµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H9Cl£¬CÖÐ̼Ô×ÓÊýÓëAÖÐ
̼Ô×ÓÊýÏàµÈ£¬ÔòBµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H10£¬BÊôÓÚ»·ÍéÌþ£¬BµÄºË´Å¹²ÕñÇâÆ×Ö»ÓÐ1¸öÎüÊշ壬BµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬CµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬AµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
BrCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Br£»CÓëNaOH/ÒÒ´¼¹²ÈÈ·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦Éú³ÉD£¬DµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£»DÓëBr2/CCl4·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉE£¬EµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬EÓëNaOH/ÒÒ´¼¹²
ÈÈ·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦Éú³ÉF£¬FµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ¡£F·¢ÉúÌâ¸øÒÑÖª¢ÛµÄ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉG£¬·¢ÉúÌâ¸ø
ÒÑÖª¢ÜµÄ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉOHCCHOºÍOHCCH2CHO¡£
Ïê½â£ºAµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H10Br2£¬AΪ±¥ºÍ¶þäå´úÌþ£¬AÓëNa·¢ÉúÌâ¸øÒÑÖª¢ÙµÄ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉB£¬BÓëCl2¹âÕÕ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉC£¬CµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H9Cl£¬CÖÐ̼Ô×ÓÊýÓëAÖÐ̼Ô×ÓÊýÏàµÈ£¬ÔòBµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC5H10£¬BÊôÓÚ»·ÍéÌþ£¬BµÄºË´Å¹²ÕñÇâÆ×Ö»ÓÐ1¸öÎüÊշ壬BµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬CµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬AµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
BrCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Br£»CÓëNaOH/ÒÒ´¼¹²ÈÈ·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦Éú³ÉD£¬DµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£»DÓëBr2/CCl4·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉE£¬EµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬EÓëNaOH/ÒÒ´¼¹²
ÈÈ·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦Éú³ÉF£¬FµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ¡£
£¨1£©AµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪBrCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Br£¬¸ù¾ÝϵͳÃüÃûÔÔò£¬AµÄ»¯Ñ§Ãû³ÆÎª1,5¡ª¶þäåÎìÍé¡£DµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
¡£IµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬IµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC10H16¡£
£¨2£©B¡úCµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
+Cl2+HCl¡£E¡úFµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
+2NaOH+2NaBr+2H2O£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ÀàÐÍΪÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦¡£
£¨3£©GµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ
£¬GµÄ·Ö×ÓʽΪC10H12£¬GµÄ²»±¥ºÍ¶ÈΪ5£»GµÄ·¼Ïã×åͬ
¢Ù±½»·ÉÏÖ»·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÖУ¬±½»·ÉÏÈ¡´ú»ùÊýĿСÓÚ3ÇÒÄÜʹäåµÄËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÍÊÉ«µÄÓÐÒÔÏÂÇé¿ö£ºÓÐ1¸öÈ¡´ú»ù£¬È¡´ú»ùµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽÓУº
-CH=CHCH2CH3¡¢-CH2CH=CHCH3¡¢-CH2CH2CH=CH2¡¢
¡¢
¡¢
¡¢
¡¢
£¬¹²8ÖÖ£»¢Ú±½»·ÉÏÓÐ2¸öÈ¡´ú»ù£¬2¸öÈ¡´ú»ùµÄ½á¹¹
¼òʽΪ£º-CH=CHCH3ºÍ-CH3¡¢-CH2CH=CH2ºÍ-CH3¡¢ºÍ-CH3¡¢-CH=CH2ºÍ
-CH2CH3£¬±½»·ÉϵÄ2¸öÈ¡´ú»ùÓÐÁÚ¡¢¼ä¡¢¶ÔÈýÖÖλÖ㬹²43=12ÖÖ£»·ûºÏÌâÒâµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ìå¹²8+12=20ÖÖ¡£ÆäÖк˴ʲÕñÇâÆ×ÓÐ5×é·å£¬ÇÒ·åÃæ»ý±ÈΪ6:2:2:1:1µÄÊÇ
¡£
£¨4£©»·Îì¶þÏ©µÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£¬¶Ô±ÈºÍ
¡¢CH2=CH2µÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ£¬ÀûÓÃ
Ìâ¸øÒÑÖª¢Û¹¹½¨Ì¼¸É¹Ç¼Ü£¬ÀûÓÃÌâ¸øÒÑÖª¢ÜµÃµ½-CHO¡£·´Ó¦Éú³É
£¬
Óë
·¢ÉúÌâ¸øÒÑÖª¢Û·´Ó¦Éú³É
ÓëCH2=CH2·¢ÉúÌâ¸øÒÑÖª¢Û
£¬
·¢ÉúÌâ¸ø
ÒÑÖª¢ÜµÄ·´Ó¦Éú³É£¬ºÏ³É·ÏßΪ£º
¡£
µã¾¦£º±¾Ì⿼²éÓлúÍÆ¶ÏºÍÓлúºÏ³É¡¢ÓлúÎïµÄÃüÃû¡¢Óлú·´Ó¦ÀàÐ͵ÄÅжϡ¢ÓлúÎï½á¹¹¼òʽºÍÓлú·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд¡¢ÏÞ¶¨Ìõ¼þͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÊýÄ¿µÄÈ·¶¨¡£ÄѵãÊÇ·ûºÏÌõ¼þµÄGµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÊýÄ¿µÄÈ·¶¨ºÍÓлúºÏ³É·ÏßµÄÉè¼Æ¡£È·¶¨Í¬·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåÊýĿӦÓÃÓÐÐò˼ά£¬Í¬·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåµÄÀàÐÍͨ³£ÓУºÌ¼Á´Òì¹¹¡¢Î»ÖÃÒì¹¹ºÍ¹ÙÄÜÍÅÒì¹¹µÈ£¬ÏÈÈ·¶¨¹ÙÄÜÍÅ£¬ÔÙÓòлù·¨È·¶¨¿ÉÄܵĽṹ£¬×¢Òâ±½»·ÉÏÓÐÁ½¸öÈ¡´ú»ùʱÓÐÁÚ¡¢¼ä¡¢¶ÔÈýÖÖλÖùØÏµ¡£ÓлúºÏ³É·ÏßµÄÉè¼ÆÊ×ÏȶԱÈÔÁϺÍ×îÖÕ²úÎïµÄ½á¹¹£¬·ÖÎö¹ÙÄÜÍÅ·¢ÉúÁËʲô¸Ä±ä£¬Ì¼¸É¹Ç¼Ü·¢ÉúÁËʲô±ä»¯£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÓлúÎïµÄÐÔÖʺÍÌâ¸øÐÅÏ¢½øÐÐÉè¼Æ¡£